Reunion

Background: Chikungunya is a tropical arboviral disease affecting millions of people around the world. It is characterized by fever and debilitating pain which frequently turns into chronic pain as a long-term complication of the infection. Neuropathic pain after acute infection lasting for months to years has been reported, but very few studies have evaluated this aspect of the disease. Hence, this study was aimed to evaluate neuropathic pain in post chikungunya infection. Methods: A six months long cross-sectional study was conducted in the pain clinic of a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh. One hundred and thirty-six serologically confirmed patients of chikungunya suffering from chronic pain were enrolled and assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) and Questionnaire Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4) to evaluate the pain intensity and presence of neuropathic component, respectively. Patients with causes of chronic pain other than chikungunya were excluded. All statistical tests were performed using SPSS version 23. Results: A total of 26 patients had post-chikungunya neuropathic pain accounting foran overall estimated prevalence of 19.1% (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 12.5-25.7). The prevalence of male and female were 17.54% (95% CI: 7.67-27.42) and 20.25% (95% CI: 11.39-29.12), respectively. The mean intensity of chronic pain on the visual analogue scale was 5.54 ± 0.81 and the mean duration was 5.25±1.47 months. There were no significant differencs in intensity and duration of pain between patients with or without neuropathic pain (p > 0.05). The most common affected location was lower (96%) and upper limbs (91%) respectively and the most commonly affected joints were ankle/foot (80%), knee (76%), and hand/wrist (64%). Conclusion:

A study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of 51 actinomycetes strains isolated from environmental samples collected during an expedition at Paya Maga, located in Ulu Trusan, Lawas, Sarawak. These actinomycetes strains were isolated from 20 soil and 15 plant samples. Their ability to inhibit the growth of Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus), Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were tested by using co-culture method. Twenty five percent of the isolates (13 out of 51) were active against at least one bacteria or one yeast standard strain while 18 (35%) were active against at least two standard strains, indicating broad spectrum activities. The results also showed that 23% (7 strains) of the positive isolates with single or broad spectrum activities were able to show better result in comparison to 100 mg/L of Chloramphenicol and Nystatin used (by forming inhibition zone more than 20 mm in diameter). The 31 inhibitory strains were sequenced and partial 16S rDNA sequences were derived for taxonomic identification. The majority of these strains (27 out of 31) belong to the family of Streptomycetaceae, followed by 2 strains from Streptosporangiaceae and 1 strain each from Nocardiaceae and Pseudonocardiaceae. Sixteen of the isolates can only be classified up to the genus level so they are potentially novel species which are targets for further study to isolate antimicrobial agents.

Haroldo Conti teve sua produção literária interrompida quando foi sequestrado no começo da ditadura militar argentina. Ainda hoje figura na lista de desaparecidos políticos. O objetivo deste artigo é evidenciar alguns resultados obtidos na dissertação, em especial uma parte da análise comparada entre os contos de Conti e os contos brasileiros. As narrativas "A terceira margem do rio" (Guimarães Rosa), "As voltas do filho pródigo" (Autran Dourado) e "Frio" (João Antônio) permitiram uma maior compreensão daquilo que move as personagens contianas e como estas constroem o "esforço por existir". Para realizar esta "descoberta de si", elas precisam aprender a enxergar, a partir do outro, a presença de um mundo antes não sensível aos olhos. Através das "pequenas percepções" que se instalam gradualmente nestas personagens, elas tentam recuperar não apenas o espaço-tempo que ficou para trás, senão o encontro com o outro: um encontro que não se deu em vida e que tem, através da memória, a última chance de ocorrência.
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This paper contributes to the field of Latin American literary studies by shedding light on the interrupted literary production of Haroldo Conti during the Argentinian military dictatorship and situating his work within a broader South American literary context. By drawing comparisons between Argentinian and Brazilian literature, this study enhances the understanding of how characters in these narratives navigate their existence and perceive their realities, offering new insights into the thematic and stylistic connections across Latin American literature.

The population and community dynamics of four monogeneans, Pseudodactylogyrus anguillae, P. bini, P. microrchis, and an unidentified Pseudodactylogyrus sp., on the gills of cultured Japanese eels, Anguilla japonica L., were investigated at two fish farms at Chaozhou, Guangdong Province, China. A total of 8,377 individual parasites were collected from sampling pond I (with more frequent chemical treatments for parasitic diseases: generally twice per month), including 338 P. anguillae, 7,388 P. bini, 491 P. microrchis and 160 Pseudodactylogyrus sp. At sampling pond II (with fewer chemical treatments for parasitic diseases: generally once during summer and winter months), 20,776 parasites were recovered, comprising 1,904 P. anguillae, 13,999 P. bini, 3,135 P. microrchis and 1,738 Pseudodactylogyrus sp. Monthly parasite community and population parameters, such as prevalence, mean abundance and species richness, varied irregularly and were not significantly correlated with water temperature at both fish farms. The infection parameters, however, exhibited a significant relationship with water temperature under indoor conditions. The diversity of monogenean communities in sampling pond II was higher than that in sampling pond I. These results may imply that the effects of water temperature exerted on the parasite population and communities were masked by human interference (drug implementation) in the fish ponds.

Rabies, as the most important zoonotic disease, is transmitted through a bite or scratch by an infected domestic or wild carnivores and bats or contact of open wound with infected saliva. The fluorescent antibody test (FAT) is the "gold standard" diagnostic method for suspected brain samples. For close monitoring of unknown encephalitis, rabies surveillance, and also the limitations for post-mortem diagnosis of rabies in human and performing fast prophylactic measures for other individuals in contact with rabid patients, ante-mortem diagnosis based on molecular methods such as real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) seems to be more reliable. In this study, we detected 2 positive rabid cases using SYBR Green real-time PCR for the first time in Iran. In this study, 3 saliva samples at intervals up to 6 hours were collected from any of the nine suspected patients with nonspecific symptoms between March 2016 and March 2017. Total RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis and real-time...

Introduction Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an emerging arbovirus in Latin America and the Caribbean. The virus was detected in the Caribbean territory, at the end of 2013 for the first time. It is known that 1 to 2 % of patients will show atypical symptoms. Methods Three cases of pregnant women with atypical Chikungunya virus are described taking into account epidemiological variables, clinical features, pregnancy progress and laboratory testing parameters. Results Three pregnant women with atypical CHIKV confirmed by RT-PCR were included. All of them were included at the ICU because of a life-threatening disease, 2 of the pregnancies were resolved by caesarean, one at term with a newborn with typical CHIKV and the other one at the 25 week of pregnancy, this result in a stillborn and a neonatal death. Conclusion Chikungunya fever during pregnancy can show atypical and severe course, with adverse evolution of pregnancy and vertical transmission of the infection. We recommend to maximi...

A l’éditeur. Depuis l’identification en Chine des premiers clusters de l’épidémie de COVID-19 dans la ville de Wuhan (1), la déclaration et l’urgence sanitaire proclamées par l’Organisation mondiale de la Santé (OMS), la pandémie à COVID-19 a dépassé les 3 millions de contaminés et plus de 200 mille morts à la fin du mois d’avril 2020 (2). Le centre Gaston Ramon, site pivot du nord de l’Yonne, Bourgogne (France) est un établissement de santé public limitrophe à la région parisienne. Il a une capacité de 632 lits et places dont 8 lits de réanimation et 4 des soins continus auxquels 13 lits ont été ajoutés pour accueillir les patients atteints de la COVID-19 graves suivant les instructions du ministère de la santé (3). Une régulation territoriale par le centre hospitalo-universitaire (CHU) de Dijon (Université de Bourgogne) a été mise en place pour éviter la saturation des hôpitaux de la région Bourgogne (transfert des patients vers le CHU) et prise au CHU des patients avec indication...

Introduction : A Madagascar, les premieres epidemies et epizooties de Fievre de la Vallee du Rift (FVR) ont ete rapportees en 1990-1991. A la suite des epidemies et epizooties de FVR en Afrique de l'Est en 2006-2007, la FVR a ete detectee dans les iles du sud ouest de l'Ocean Indien (Union des Comores, Madagascar) en 2007 et 2008. A Madagascar, le premier cas humain a ete detecte en Janvier 2008 suivi de nombreux cas humains et animaux jusqu'en mars 2009. Des etudes retrospectives ont montre que le VFVR avait largement circule dans le pays depuis 2007. Au cours d'une epidemie, des moustiques ont ete collectes autour des cas et des pools de femelles non gorgees composees d'Anopheles coustani, Anopheles squamosus/cydippis et Culex antennatus ont ete trouve infectes par le VFVR, suggerant que ces especes auraient pu jouer un role dans la transmission du virus. Les analyses phylogenetiques des souches ayant circule lors des episodes de 2008-2009 ont montre que le vir...

Predicting transient inflow rates into a tunnel is an important issue faced by hydrogeologists. Most existing analytical solutions overestimate the initial discharge due to the assumption that drilling was instantaneous over the entire tunnel length. In addition, they assume a homogeneous system. An alternative model was recently developed for tunnels intersecting heterogeneous formations, but its application was reduced to the case of confined flow to deep tunnels in weakly diffusive aquifers. In this paper, we adapt existing analytical solutions for drainage systems to the specific case of a tunnel progressively drilled in a highly diffusive heterogeneous unconfined aquifer. The case of a tunnel overlying an impervious layer is analytically solved by applying the superposition principle, while the case of a tunnel constructed some distance above an impervious layer is solved by discretizing the tunnel length into subsectors. Both models can simulate transient discharge into a tunnel drilled at various speeds through a heterogeneous unconfined aquifer, and allow the prediction of discharge rates in shallow tunnels located in highly diffusive aquifers. We successfully applied this approach to a tunnel in heterogeneous volcanic rock.

La solution analytique dite du « puits artésien » développée par Jacob et Lohman [1952] est appliquée au contexte des tunnels profonds en haute montagne pour modéliser la décroissance en fonction du temps du débit des venues d'eau. La comparaison de la solution avec un modèle numérique démontre sa validité durant les premiers instants après le percement du tunnel. Ensuite, les conditions aux limites supposées dans la résolution du cas analytiquemilieu infini-ne sont plus conformes à la réalité. Les simulations numériques effectuées montrent que la durée de validité de la solution de Jacob et Lohman est notamment inversement proportionnelle à la diffusivité hydraulique du massif. Les résultats de ces simulations permettent de scinder la décroissance du débit des venues d'eau en deux phases distinctes : la première phase correspond à la période de validité de la formule de Jacob et Lohman. Elle est caractérisée par l'extension d'un cône de rabattement autour de l'ouvrage après percement. Durant la seconde phase, le cône de rabattement atteint les limites physiques de l'aquifère (latérales et supérieure) et les débits décroissent plus rapidement suite à la décroissance des potentiels hydrauliques aux limites. Sous réserve du peu de données disponibles, ce type de comportement a été mis en évidence dans les Alpes aux tunnels du Simplon et du Mont-Blanc. Dans la seconde partie de l'article, un abaque paramétrique est présenté, permettant d'évaluer, après le percement d'un tunnel, le temps nécessaire pour qu'un rabattement donné soit atteint en un point

La solution analytique dite du « puits artésien » développée par Jacob et Lohman [1952] est appliquée au contexte des tunnels profonds en haute montagne pour modéliser la décroissance en fonction du temps du débit des venues d'eau. La comparaison de la solution avec un modèle numérique démontre sa validité durant les premiers instants après le percement du tunnel. Ensuite, les conditions aux limites supposées dans la résolution du cas analytiquemilieu infini-ne sont plus conformes à la réalité. Les simulations numériques effectuées montrent que la durée de validité de la solution de Jacob et Lohman est notamment inversement proportionnelle à la diffusivité hydraulique du massif. Les résultats de ces simulations permettent de scinder la décroissance du débit des venues d'eau en deux phases distinctes : la première phase correspond à la période de validité de la formule de Jacob et Lohman. Elle est caractérisée par l'extension d'un cône de rabattement autour de l'ouvrage après percement. Durant la seconde phase, le cône de rabattement atteint les limites physiques de l'aquifère (latérales et supérieure) et les débits décroissent plus rapidement suite à la décroissance des potentiels hydrauliques aux limites. Sous réserve du peu de données disponibles, ce type de comportement a été mis en évidence dans les Alpes aux tunnels du Simplon et du Mont-Blanc. Dans la seconde partie de l'article, un abaque paramétrique est présenté, permettant d'évaluer, après le percement d'un tunnel, le temps nécessaire pour qu'un rabattement donné soit atteint en un point

Resumo Este artigo propõe-se a investigar os processos de mudança que implicam naquilo que se chama famílias contemporâneas. Muito se debate a respeito das novas configurações familiares e suas respectivas características e consequências, sendo este tipo de associação humana ainda privilegiadamente o principal meio de nossos processos de socialização coetâneos torna-se importante e necessário pensar sobre a forma como vem se apresentando a família. Desta forma, através de revisão integrativa e sistemática da literatura dos últimos 10 anos propõe-se reunir e apresentar a partir de unidades semânticas (produção de categorias que reúnem aspectos comuns, sendo essas: mudanças nas relações de gênero; mudança na configuração familiar; amparo jurídico; mudanças nas relações de parentesco; mudança nas relações etárias; expectativas sobre a família; valores familiares) aquilo que a literatura especializada no campo da família aponta como as mudanças fundamentais que identificam os modos como se apresentam contemporaneamente as famílias.

On February 1, 2022, the online seminar "Conceptualising Archipelagic Memory" was organized as the curtain-raiser event for the Archipelagic Memory project and the international conference that took place in August of the same year. The seminar brought together Professors Michael Rothberg and Vijaya Teelock, in conversation with Ananya Kabir, to initiate a discussion on practices of memory-making in archipelagic spaces and through archipelagic structures, and on the meanings and possibilities embedded in the notion of "archipelagic memory." In this annotated transcript of the conversation, Rothberg and Teelock reflect with Kabir on their research trajectories and expertise, provoking new models of analysis constitutive of an archipelagic approach to Indian Ocean cultural history.

Zika virus (ZIKV) has recently spread widely and turned into a major international public health threat. Réunion appears to offer conditions particularly favourable to its emergence and therefore prepared to face possible introduction of the virus. We designed a scaled surveillance and response system with specific objectives, methods and measures for various epidemiological phases including a potential epidemic. Several tools were developed in order to (i) detect individual cases (including a large information campaign on the disease and suspicion criteria), (ii) monitor an outbreak through several complementary systems allowing to monitor trends in disease occurrence and geographic spread and (iii) detect severe forms of the disease in collaboration with hospital clinicians. We put the emphasis on detecting the first cases in order to contain the spread of the virus as much as possible and try to avoid progress towards an epidemic. Our two main strengths are a powerful vector cont...

This study presents the six year follow-up of French gendarmes exposed to the chikungunya (CHIK) infection in 2006on Reunion Island. The aim was to see to what extent the subjective health differences observed in 2008 (30 months after infection) between CHIK infected (CHIK+) and non-infected (CHIK-) gendarmes still persisted in 2012, and to investigate a possible return to a pre-CHIK health status for CHIK+ subjects. Gendarmes were contacted by mail in 2012and asked to fill-in a self-questionnaire asking for morbidity, healthcare and medicines consumption since the last follow-up in 2008. Quality of life (QoL) after six years was evaluated using the SF-36 scale. In comparison with CHIK- subjects (n=171), CHIK+ (n=81) presented with higher rheumatic but also non-specific morbidity such as headaches and fatigue associated with a large psychological impact, frequent depressive moods and social disabilities, leading to a significant impairment of the quality of life and higher healthcar...

AimRheumatic manifestations are common in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Since previous reports on the prevalence of arthritis in this disease may have a rheumatology referral bias, we sought to establish the prevalence of undifferentiated inflammatory arthropathy (UIA) in unselected HT patients as seen in an endocrinology clinic.MethodsCross‐sectional study of 92 consecutive HT patients and no definite rheumatic disease from the Endocrinology Division, Hospital Universitario de Caracas diagnosed by the presence of anti‐thyroid peroxidase antibodies (n = 68) or typical ultrasonographic findings (n = 24). Undifferentiated inflammatory arthropathy was defined as combination of morning stiffness and joint pain with ≥2 characteristics of inflammatory joint pain. The study was revised and approved by the Ethics Committee of our hospital and all patients signed an informed consent form.ResultsTwenty‐three patients (25%; 95% CI 16‐34) met the criteria for UIA. Joints most ...

Background: Women's fertility is early and high in Madagascar. Through this study, want to know the obstetric and neonatal risks in teenage primiparous pregnancies.Methods: Carried out a retrospective comparative study of teenage primiparous pregnancies who gave birth beyond 22 weeks of amenorrhea (SA) at the Zafisaona Gabriel Mahajanga university hospital between the period from January 1 to March 31, 2015. The control group is made up of first-time mothers aged 20 to 35 who gave birth in the same center.Results: The mean age of the patients was 16.77±1.12 years. In 43.1% of cases, the pregnancy was poorly followed. 22.41% of new-borns to adolescent mothers were hypotrophic at birth. Teenage primiparous pregnancies had a risk of poor pregnancy monitoring compared to their elders (RR: 2.17, 95% CI [1.35-3.47]) and a risk of giving birth to a low birth weight child (RR: 2.1, 95% CI [1.05-4.44]). The risk of preeclampsia, death in utero, caesarean section, instrumental extraction ...

Objectifs.-Dé crire les caracté ristiques des cas graves de grippe A(H1N1)/2009 à l'hô pital de Saint-Pierre de la Ré union durant l'é pidé mie de 2009, ainsi que les mesures mises en oeuvre pour y faire face. Patients et me´thodes.-É tude prospective observationnelle incluant tous les cas probables et confirmé s de grippe A(H1N1) chez les patients hospitalisé s dans notre service de ré animation. Nous avons recueilli pour chaque patient l'histoire de la maladie, les donné es dé mographiques, les traitements initié s, les comorbidité s, les caracté ristiques cliniques, les scores de gravité , la biologie et radiographie thoracique à l'admission, les traitements reçus et les complications é ventuelles. Nous avons dé taillé la ré organisation de soins opé ré e pendant cette pé riode. Re´sultats.-Treize patients ont é té inclus entre aoû t et septembre 2009. Trois (23 %) n'avaient aucun anté cé dent mé dical. L'âge mé dian é tait de 42 ans [22-69]. Onze ont né cessité la ventilation mé canique durant 10,3 jours (AE 8). Trois (23 %) ont dé veloppé un SDRA. Trois patients (23 %) sont dé cé dé s. L'organisation des soins a dû être totalement repensé e durant l'é pidé mie afin de faire face à l'afflux de cas dans notre contexte d'isolement gé ographique : cré ation d'une filiè re d'accueil spé cifique, sectorisation du service, ouverture de lits, cré ation d'une ligne de garde, coopé ration inter et intra-hospitaliè re. Conclusion.-L'île de la Ré union a é té un laboratoire expé rimental de gestion de crise durant l'é pidé mie de H1N1/2009, plusieurs mois avant la mé tropole. Anticiper la ré organisation des soins en pé riode é pidé mique dans les services de ré animation, surtout dans les structures les plus modestes ou isolé es comme la nôtre, nous paraît né cessaire pour faire face plus sereinement à un brutal afflux de malades.

An important talking point in my comments about things paranormal is that parapsychological research is incomplete if it does not at least consider lessons learned from ITC. This paper is written to explain how I understand those lessons.

The focus here is on lessons learned via the work of the directors and members of ATransC. The Association has published several important studies conducted by other groups and individuals and they are also considered here. The reason for each study, the apparent results, and most importantly, the implications of the results are addressed here.

As a general statement, our conclusion is that the study of ITC offers an important tool for consciousness research. We sometimes think of EVP as a new "lab rat" for research because of its repeatability and obvious ether-physical characteristics.

Religions et laïcité : quels enjeux et quelles tensions scolaires à La Réunion ? ÉMILIE PONTANIER Quelles influences les dimensions culturelles, sociales ou l'organisation des établissements secondaires ont-elles sur les pratiques enseignantes en matière de religions et de laïcité ? Quelles mises en oeuvre de la laïcité scolaire sont induites par la « superdiversité » de l'île de La Réunion, territoire français situé dans l'océan Indien ? Quelles logiques d'action guident les professionnels de l'éducation lorsqu'il est question de religions et de « vivre ensemble » ? Une enquête sociologique de type qualitatif menée entre 2019 et 2021, fondée sur soixante-dix entretiens semi-directifs, permet l'analyse de situations de travail in situ et éclaire les enjeux de la laïcité dans ce département, tout comme les tensions qui peuvent en découler.

In semiarid Mediterranean ecosystems, epiphytic plant species are practically absent, and only some species of palm trees can support epiphytes growing in their lower crown area, such as Phoenix dactylifera L. (date palm). In this study, we focused on Sonchus tenerrimus L. plants growing as facultative epiphytes in P. dactylifera and its terrestrial forms growing in adjacent soils. Our aim was to determine the possible presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in these peculiar habitats and to relate AMF communities with climatic variations. We investigated the AMF community composition of epiphytic and terrestrial S. tenerrimus plants along a temperature and precipitation gradient across 12 localities. Epiphytic roots were colonized by AMF, as determined by microscopic observation; all of the epiphytic and terrestrial samples analyzed showed AMF sequences from taxa belonging to the phylum Glomeromycota , which were grouped in 30 AMF operational taxonomic units. The AMF communi...

When reflecting on the passage of time and how it intersects with our fan identity and perception of self, we often find individuals who identify as "life-long" or "long-term" fans. The intersection of time and fandom are often examined in fan studies, as is evident in the plethora of studies on long-term/life-long fans (

AimRheumatic manifestations are common in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Since previous reports on the prevalence of arthritis in this disease may have a rheumatology referral bias, we sought to establish the prevalence of undifferentiated inflammatory arthropathy (UIA) in unselected HT patients as seen in an endocrinology clinic.MethodsCross‐sectional study of 92 consecutive HT patients and no definite rheumatic disease from the Endocrinology Division, Hospital Universitario de Caracas diagnosed by the presence of anti‐thyroid peroxidase antibodies (n = 68) or typical ultrasonographic findings (n = 24). Undifferentiated inflammatory arthropathy was defined as combination of morning stiffness and joint pain with ≥2 characteristics of inflammatory joint pain. The study was revised and approved by the Ethics Committee of our hospital and all patients signed an informed consent form.ResultsTwenty‐three patients (25%; 95% CI 16‐34) met the criteria for UIA. Joints most ...

Malaria epidemiology differs greatly in the geographically close islands of the southwestern Indian Ocean. In Madagascar and the Comoros Union malaria is still a major public health problem. In Mayotte indigenous transmission resumed in 1995 and is currently high in some communities. In the Mascarene Islands (Reunion and Mauritius), indigenous transmission has been eradicated (Reunion) or become rare (Mauritius). The Seychelles Islands are malaria-free since local conditions are unfavorable for Anopheles mosquitoes. The level of resistance to antimalarials also differs from one island to another. Resistance to chloroquine ranges from moderate in Madagascar to high in the Comoros Union. Health recommendations for travelers must be adapted to the epidemiological features on each island.

Background and Objective: Incomprehensive studies have examined the therapeutic and side effects of curcumin on the treatment of debilitating diseases, such as Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). This study aimed to explore the anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin on RA.
Materials and Methods: This double-blind clinical trial was carried out on 64 RA patients with an erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)-Disease Activity Score (DAS)-28>2.6. The patients were then randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control. In addition to the routine treatment, the intervention group was treated with 80-mg/day capsules of curcumin (nano-micelles). Further, the patients were followed up for three months, and clinical-laboratory examinations were recorded in this study.
Results: There was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups regarding the trends of the disease activity indicators, including DAS-28, disability index, physician assessment, and the number of tender joints (P>0.05). Further, a significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of pain score changes and the number of swollen joints. Additionally, the curcumin-treated subjects obtained lower mean pain and fewer swollen joints, compared to those in the control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The present study revealed that curcumin had no significant therapeutic effects on reducing the activity of RA; however, no significant side effects were observed on the patients, and it also showed its analgesic effect well.

Disponible sur internet le 05 octobre 2006 Résumé Objectifs.-Étude d'une épidémie à Pseudomonas aeruginosa résistante à l'imipénème et recherche de la source de dissémination. Patients et méthodes.-Neuf souches de P. aeruginosa isolées de prélèvements trachéaux protégés sur une période de 14 semaines (octobre 2004-janvier 2005) chez huit nouveau-nés et une souche isolée de la coupe vide d'aspiration ont été étudiées. Elles ont été caractérisées par la détermination de la sensibilité aux antibiotiques, le sérotypage et l'électrophorèse en champ pulsé. Résultats.-Les souches avaient le sérotype O:12, le même antibiotype caractérisé par une résistance non enzymatique à l'imipénème. Toutes les souches appartenaient au même pulsotype A. La source de l'épidémie n'a pas été déterminée, mais l'éradication de la souche épidémique n'a été obtenue qu'après l'amélioration des conditions d'hygiène et le changement des désinfectants utilisés. Conclusion.-Une épidémie d'infection respiratoire à P. aeruginosa O:12 résistante à l'imipénème dont le réservoir n'a pas été déterminé avec certitude.

This study investigated the dynamics in pyrethriod resistance and the presence/frequencies of L1014F knockdown resistance mutant allelles in Culex quinquefasciatus vector populations from Uruan Local Government Area of AkwaIbom State, Southern Nigeria between the months of March and November, 2021. Uruan LGA is among the endemic LGAs for lymphatic filariasis in AkwaIbomState. Female Anopheles mosquitoes from Eman Uruan, Ituk Mbang and Idu Uruan were exposed to permethrin, deltamethrin and alphacypermethrin in CDC insecticide coated bottles for susceptibility bioassay following standard protocols. The mosquitoes were obtained as aquatic forms from the study sites and reared under laboratory conditions to adults. The adult mosquitoes were used for this study. All the mosquitoes used for the insecticide susceptibility bioassay were morphologically identified. Standard Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for authenticating the Culex quinquefasciatus species. A portion of the vgsc (...

the observation that from now on, Hantavirus infections should be considered in the differential diagnosis of viral hepatitis. One severe case was observed with shock, diffuse intravascular coagulation and adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), followed by 5 other patients presenting with marked degrees of hypoxemia and hypocapnia. We conclude that not only the causative Hantaviral serotype, but also the degree of "systemic inflammatory response syndrome" (SIRS) seems to determine the clinical picture in Hantavirus infections.

The Indian Ocean region embodies the paradox of a marginalized crossroads. Its islands and coastal societies reflect the multiple influences of its position as a commercial center during colonization and accompanying slave trade. Yet its island nations, particularly their literature, are little known relative to their mainland Asian and African counterparts. Mauritius further reflects these ironies. Although Mauritius has attained a positive reputation for stability, growth, and tourist appeal, deep inequalities resulting from economic globalization persist, to the detriment of its citizens. Uninhabited until the arrival of the Dutch in the sixteenth century, its national identity is the most multicultural of the Indian Ocean islands. Despite its history as a British colony and the designation of English as the language of school instruction and government administration, English-language Mauritian literature remains scarce. A primary exception is the work of novelist Lindsey Collen...

Marine debris, caused by anthropogenic pollution, is a major problem impacting marine wildlife worldwide. This study documents and quantifies the ingestion and defecation of debris by 74 loggerhead sea turtles, Caretta caretta, in the SouthWest Indian Ocean. Debris was found in 51.4% of gut or fecal samples of loggerheads by-catch from Reunion Island long liners. Anthropogenic debris was ubiquitous in our samples with plastics accounting for 96.2% of the total debris collected. No significant relationship was detected between the characteristics of ingested debris and the biometric characteristics of loggerheads. The number, weight, volume and mean length of debris were higher in gut content of deceased loggerheads than in fecal samples of live turtles, but not significantly, except for the mean length. This is the first record of debris ingestion by sea turtles in the Indian Ocean and our results highlight the magnitude of this pollution of the marine environment.

Introduction: Chikungunya is an arthropod-borne virus endemic to Africa, Southeast Asia and India that causes acute febrile polyarthralgia and arthritis. In this short case series, we discuss six Bangladeshi patients with chikungunya fever. Though Bangladesh is in endemic zone, it is not common here, hence it demands attention for proper diagnosis and management. Case presentation: The six cases of chikungunya we report occurred in native Bangladeshi women with ages ranging from 20 to 50 years and all having a middle class family background. Three women had severe incapacitating arthralgia as well as a maculo-papular rash and a high fever. The other three had a high grade fever and arthralgia only, but no rash. They were tested for chikungunya immunoglobulin M antibody and found to be positive in all cases. They were treated symptomatically with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and found responsive in most cases. Conclusion: From this case series, it is evident that chikungunya is not that uncommon in Bangladesh. But the concomitant presence of other arthropod-borne infections with similar courses of illness makes most physicians less aware of this infection. An awareness and clinical knowledge are necessary to diagnose chikungunya infection properly.

A new genus of Culicidae (Diptera), Paulianius n. gen., with the description of three new species from Madagascar. The Diceromyia from Madagascar are reviewed by studying the collections present at the IRD in Montpellier, France and at the Institut Pasteur in Paris, France. The morphological comparison of malagasies "Diceromyia", african Diceromyia and indian Tewarius shows the originality and homogeneity of malagasies "Diceromyia". Moreover, a comparative analysis of ribosomal DNA between african Diceromyia and malagasies "Diceromyia" showed an important genetic difference between these two groups. This result leads to classify all malagasies species in a new genus, Paulianius Brunhes & Boussès, n. gen. This revision presents a new iconography and new descriptions of the known species: Paulianius tiptoni (Grjebine, 1953), n. comb., Paulianius madagascarensis (Someren, 1948), n. comb., Paulianius grassei (Doucet, 1951), n. comb. and Paulianius coulangesi (Rodhain & Boutonnier, 1983), n. comb. Diceromyia sylvaticus (Brunhes, 1982) is considered as a junior synonym of Paulianius madagascarensis (Someren, 1948). Three new species are described: Paulianius hirsutus n. sp., caught in the preimaginal stage in the dry regions of west Madagascar, Paulianius ambremontis n. sp. which seems to be linked to the large forest north of Madagascar and Paulianius rodhaini n. sp. The neotype of Paulianius grassei designated by Brunhes in 1982 is invalidated, the original type series having been rediscovered. The African species Diceromyia nivea (De Meillon, 1943) has, for convenience, been placed in the african genus Diceromyia. However, many morphological characters are opposed to this decision. These characters which pose a problem to its integration in the genus Diceromyia invite to its integration in the malagasy genus Paulianius and the section Niveus is proposed to accommodate Diceromyia nivea among Paulianius. The Paulianius are thus subdivided into three sections: (1) the Tiptoni section, of which the scutum is predominantly white in its anterior half, and the lower mesepimeral setae present, and comprises Paulianius tiptoni and Paulianius hirsutus n. sp.; (2) the Niveus section, which currently includes only Paulianius niveus whose scutum is predominantly white in its anterior half, lower mesepimeral setae absent and for which male's gonocoxite carries an apical dorsal tuft of foliaceous setae; (3) the Coulangesi section, whose black scutum has longitudinal lines of white scales, has one lower mesepimeral seta, and includes Paulianius coulangesi, Paulianius ambremontis n. sp., Paulianius madagascarensis, Paulianius rodhaini n. sp and Paulianius grassei. New distribution maps are provided. Finally, the relationships between the Diceromyia present on the African continent, the Tewarius of the Indian peninsula and SouthEast Asia, and the Malagasies and african Paulianius, are discussed. A hypothesis to account for this distribution of the three genera is proposed. Résumé. Les Diceromyia malgaches sont révisés en étudiant les collections présentes à l'IRD de Montpellier, France, et à l'Institut Pasteur de Paris, France. La morphologie comparée des « Diceromyia » malgaches, des Diceromyia africains et des Tewarius indiens révèle l'originalité et l'homogénéité des « Diceromyia » malgaches. Par ailleurs, l'analyse comparée des gènes d'ADN ribosomal des Diceromyia africains et des « Diceromyia » malgaches a montré une forte différence génétique entre ces deux groupes. Ces résultats incitent les auteurs à ranger toutes les espèces malgaches dans un nouveau genre, Paulianius Brunhes & Boussès, n. gen. Cette révision présente une nouvelle iconographie et de nouvelles descriptions des espèces connues : Paulianius tiptoni (Grjebine, 1953), n. comb., Paulianius madagascarensis (Someren, 1948), n. comb., Paulianius grassei (Doucet, 1951), n. comb. et Paulianius coulangesi (Rodhain et Boutonnier, 1983), n. comb. Diceromyia sylvaticus (Brunhes, 1982) est considéré comme un nouveau synonyme de Paulianius madagascarensis (Someren, 1948). Trois nouvelles espèces sont décrites : Paulianius hirsutus n. sp., capturée à l'état pré imaginal dans les régions sèches de l'ouest malgache, Paulianius ambremontis n. sp. qui semble liée à la forêt humide située au nord de Madagascar et Paulianius rodhaini n. sp. Le néotype de Paulianius grassei désigné par Brunhes en 1982 est invalidé, la série-type originale ayant été redécouverte. L'espèce africaine Diceromyia nivea (De Meillon, 1943) a, par commodité, été placée jusqu'à présent dans le genre africain Diceromyia. Cependant, de nombreux caractères morphologiques invitent à son intégration dans le genre Paulianius. La section Niveus est donc créée pour accueillir Diceromyia nivea dans le nouveau genre. Les Paulianius se subdivisent ainsi en trois sections : (1) la section Tiptoni dont le scutum est à dominante blanche dans sa moitié antérieure et la soie mésépimérale inférieure présente ; elle comprend Paulianius tiptoni et Paulianius hirsutus n. sp. ; (2) la section Niveus, monospécifique avec Paulianius niveus dont le scutum est à dominante

A wide variety of conditions can present as acute polyarthritis, ranging from those that are potentially life threatening, to those that are self-limiting, and those that represent the early stages of a persistent and potentially destructive form of arthritis. In this article, we describe the diagnostic approach and initial management of patients with recent onset polyarthritis, with the aid of an illustrative case vignette.

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