Public Trust

Abstract: A deaccession crisis confronts the American Museum community. Deaccession of art occurs when a museum decides to dispose of a work of art. The crisis stems not just from the practice itself-though there are indications deaccession will occur with increasing regularity. Rather the curious mixture of trust and estates law, state law, tax policy, nonprofit governance and professional guidelines governing deaccession all combine to form a set of binding norms and laws which lack clarity and often conflict. This precludes a reasoned ...

This article adds nuance to current understandings of the relationship between the populist leader and the public by using the concept of trust. Merging the literature on populism with the growing scholarship on trust from philosophy, psychology and other social sciences, it argues that following on from the populist leader's appeals to similarity, the populist-public relationship involves an intertwining of two forms of public trust: the public's trust in the populist and the public's trust in itself (what we call 'public self-trust'). Contrary to what political and constitutional theorists have recognized as a tension between public self-trust and the public's trust in its political representatives, we contend based on the scholarship on trust that in the populist-public relationship these two forms of trust can be mutually reinforcing. And this mutual reinforcement, we suggest, has the potential to create a positive feedback loop of public trust which, given the value of public trust to political leaders, empowers the populist.

Resumen:
Se hace una evaluación de la figura de la revisoría fiscal como una institución de vigilancia y control, con la idea de llegar a entender la caracterización de la responsabilidad social de la revisoría fiscal en las organizaciones colombianas. Para ello se han abordado reflexiones académicas desde visiones internacionales, como la ONU, en el tema de la responsabilidad social, entidades nacionales como la Junta Central de Contadores, el Consejo Técnico de la Contaduría  y contadores públicos que ejercen la profesión, alrededor de temas de la revisoría fiscal como institución, responsabilidad social sobre el medio ambiente, ética, corrupción, confianza pública, derechos humanos, código de buen gobierno. En esta reflexión se plantea la relación que debe existir entre la responsabilidad social empresarial y la ética con la revisoría fiscal, y de esta con los
stakeholders.

Abstract:
The statutory audit as an institution of monitoring and control is assessed, trying to understand the characterization of social responsibility of the statutory audit in Colombian organizations. For this purpose, this paper tackles some academic reflections from international views, such as the UN, in the topic of social responsibility, national entities such as the Central  Board of Accountants, the Technical Council of Accounting, and CPAs practicing the profession, around issues of statutory audit as an institution, social responsibility for the environment, ethics, corruption, public trust, human rights, good governance code. The relationship that should exist between corporate social responsibility, ethics, statutory audit, and stakeholders, is stated in this
reflection.

This study set out to understand the role of tabloid news content in establishing public news trust in Zambia. The study compared tabloid news stories (usually frowned upon as unprofessional by most African journalists and scholars) to professional news writing styles, which are rooted in Western journalism education. Drawing from studies that critique tabloid journalism as consumed by people lacking critical abilities to analyze professional news content, the study predicted that: (1) the consumption of tabloid news was not positively correlated to the lack of education/ability to critically analyze 'professional' news content; (2) individuals exposed to only professional news content in form of hard news will indicate lower levels of trust for the media if compared to those exposed to tabloid news content; (3) tabloid news will serve as a moderating factor between media trust and mistrust. This theoretical model was tested with quasi-experiments and surveys using data collected from over 319 participants from online media platforms belonging to selected media outlets in Zambia. The results supported the proposed model on the role of tabloid news content and public trust. Additional analyses suggested that there was no positive correlation between the consumption of tabloid news and education; therefore, debunking the idea that critical analysis of news content in Zambia resided among the educated individuals.

https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic-india-lockdown-south-korea-sanjib-baruah-6392263/

There has been much well-deserved praise for the technicalities of the South Korean response. But the basic democratic values widely shared among the current government and its supporters that undergird this strategy has not received the attention it deserves.

Employees in the remote Tembe Elephant Park – a nature reserve in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa – created an open-air place of worship by clearing natural vegetation. Whilst it may be argued that the damage to the protected area is insignificant, such action, for the conservation management, raises a number of principle, operational policy, and legislative questions. It is common practice for people to practice their religion within the protected area, but this usually involves the use of existing facilities and does not involve injury to the vegetation or landscape. It is argued that the unplanned establishment of a worship site is in conflict with the purpose of the establishment of the protected area and regulating legislation. It is further argued that the clearing of the site risks adding to the cumulative impact of unnatural disturbance to the protected area, which invokes consideration of the role of the Public Trust Doctrine decision and actions taken by the conservation agency on this matter. Analysis of South Africa’s conservation jurisprudence indicates a significant disparity in the provision of the Public Trust Doctrine between the biodiversity and heritage conservation legislation. The latter legislation embraces a perplexing and potentially problematic form of the Public Trust Doctrine, in that it confuses the traditional roles of the state, the trustee, and the broader public – the ‘beneficiaries.’ This is a significant challenge for conservation managers drawing on the Doctrine to guide the development and implementation of an operational policy within the protected area.

In February 2020 Croatia was affected by the COVID-19 global pandemic. A challenging task of communicating the pandemic was assumed by the people associated with the Headquarters of Civil Protection of the Republic of Croatia. The goal of this study was to examine how three of them were covered in the media and to test if and how they were using pandemic-related strategies of persuasion to achieve public compliance. The findings indicate that the coverage of the key communicators during the first three months of the pandemic was overwhelmingly positive. Moreover, in the early stages of the pandemic none of the examined news sites was really pushing issues or angles that questioned pandemic-related policies or actions of the Headquarters. Examination of the rhetoric of the key coronavirus
communicators has established that they have embraced persuasive
strategies that are typical of pandemic communication, most notably the use of fear appeals, military metaphors and insistence on messages of 'togetherness' and conversely, 'pandemic shaming'. The article concludes that professional credibility and favorable media representation of Croatian coronavirus envoys, along with adopted persuasive strategies, have probably encouraged people to trust their decisions and comply with restrictive measures that have suspended their freedoms and changed their life routines almost overnight.

The  objective of this paper is to examine empirically
the influence of good governance practices on the public trust in Lebanon. It presents a theoretical research framework to
understand this relationship supported by literature review from recent studies. A  survey was conducted among SMEs in the capital Beirut, where 400 questionnaires were distributed among managers and employees resulting 94 percent usable response rate. The research hypothesis was accepted through analyzing the data by SPSS and SEM. The main findings indicate that good governance practices have a positive and significant influence on public trust in Lebanon (p<0.001). Future studies are recommended to extend the empirical research in terms of good governance practices and more specifically at the level of sample and geographical distribution

Scholars have argued that racial policy beliefs contributed to a decline in public trust among white-Americans, but this effect waned over time as racial policies left the agenda. We theorize that beliefs about racial policies may have been integrated into whites’ racial attitudes, resulting in a durable association between racial prejudice and public trust. Our analysis of eight ANES surveys (1992-2020) shows that racial prejudice, measured in terms of anti-Black stereotypes, informs white Americans’ beliefs about the trustworthiness of the federal government. LDV models strengthen our contention by showing that the relationship persists after an LDV is included and it is not reciprocal.

Two approaches to the nature and sources of public trust and police legitimacy can be distinguished: the instrumental and the affective. On the first account, people trust in police when they judge it effective in enforcing the law and fighting crime; and they hold police more legitimate when they believe these things to be true. On the second account, trust and legitimacy are bound up with relational concerns about the quality of police behavior, and expressive factors relating to the perceived ability of communities and police to maintain and reproduce social cohesion and order. Studies in Anglophone contexts tend to conclude that this ‘affective’ account provides greater explanatory power. This paper explores these ideas in a new context. Using data from a nationwide survey conducted in Spain we examine: (a) the relative strength of instrumental or affective predictors of trust; and (b) whether trust in police fairness is a more or less important predictor of legitimacy than trus...

Extended Abstract
Linguistic Justice is one of the emerging concepts in the field of social justice and organization justice. This concept emphasized on the necessity of having justice on in all Verbal and Linguistic tools. When the citizens do not understand the existence of justice in the words and manners of governmental managers of their own societies, They trust of the public managers will reduce and that social capital will reduce too. Accordingly, this research studies on the effect of linguistic justice of managers of governmental agencies on social capital brokered deals with public trust. Statistical Society of research includes the 26 Directorate of General of South Khorasan province, with a total of 2750 employees is the official contract that according to Morgan and disproportionate stratified random sampling, 338 samples were selected. Content validity of Questionnaires According to The experts confirmed the reliability of the questionnaire of linguistic justice, social capital and public trust based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient, respectively were 0.929, 0.950 and 0.9; The results showed a direct impact on social capital of linguistic justice was equal to 0.917 and in indirect impact due to public confidence mediator is equal to 0.120. Based on these results, managers of governmental organizations can improve the social capital of organizations by having linguistic justice in organizations and strengthen public confidence in the organization.
Introduction
Due to the inclusive and comprehensive roles of organization in social life and the use of sentences, expressions and specific vocabulary, the role of justice in the form of a new concept of linguistic justice is clearer than ever.
Modern organizations are miniature of society and justice in their language is as the justice in society (Pourezzat and Alvani, 1383: 6). This concept as one of the most controversial aspects of justice is among the many factors that affect the public confidence. According to Denhart 2 (1999) a lot of people do not trust the government; because they believe that governments do not perform well.
Hence, governments are trying to improve this reliability through increasing the efficiency, accountability, transparency and justice. On the other hand, according to Putnam 3 (2000), social capital 4 deals essentially with confidence. Leading a relationship to the engagement, and for a person who wants to establish successful relationship with the network, trust is essential.
Public trust 5, as a social capital is the basis of many interactions and everyday practices in human societies both in interpersonal and social relationships between groups. In most communities, due to a combination of factors such as the lack of social capital, the confidence in the government and the subsidiaries are dropped down. (Gharekhani et al., 1393: 941-940)
Given that organization is a social system that its life and sustainability depends on a strong link between its constituent elements, perceiving the injustices has a harmful effect on the mood of social work because it affects the efforts of human resources and employee motivation (Syd javadin et al., 1387: 55).
Therefore, with the development of linguistic justice, public administrators’ language of flattery, humiliation and weakness will be refined in speech and the possibility of domination and hegemony is reduced so that the nature of domination and abuse of power, never overtly and covertly, present in run. (Pourezzat, 1390: 142.
Public confidence in the government, on the other hand, is important for directors, employees and agents of the political system because for supporting the development and implementation of public policy as well as effective cooperation and participation of citizens, it plays a central role(Gharekhani et al., 1393: 941).Public confidence could be enhanced when the authorities of integrity show honesty and ethics (Wart & Vanwart, 2012).
Although a lot of research in the context of public trust and social capital in organizations and government agencies has been done in our country, but about the language of justice and the impact of its dimensions on the research variables was found any by researchers.
Hence, given the critical impotance of linguistic justice, administrators of sgovernment agencies and the special position of trust in government research of this field help us in pursuit of a comprehensive approach and the promotion of social capital in the government agencies. Therefore, it is felt that whether the language justice of administrators of government agencies has a meaningful effect on social capital. In addition, whether the public trust can be effective as a mediator between the language justice and social capital?
Research  Methodology
The current study, in terms of functional goal and the collecting data is a descriptive research and a field study and in terms of the relationship between the variables is reasonable. Research method is also of survey kind.
Considering that in this study, researcher sought to examine the impact of linguistic justice of administrators of government agencies on public trust is with the social capital intermediary, all 26 employees of the Directorate General of South Khorasan province were selected as the population of this study. The sample has been set by Morgan table and the statistical sampling method based on the volume of each offices .Also in this study a questionnaire was used to collect data.
Reliability of linguistic justice, social capital and public confidence questionnaire was established using Cronbach's alpha coefficient 929/0, 950/0, 9.0 respectively. To analyze the research results, the software SPSS and AMOS were used.
Discussion and conclusion
In this study, the impact of linguistic justice of managers of government agencies on social capital based on the public confidence was investigated. According to the results of the first hypothesis, it was found that a significant positive impact on social capital is resulted from the linguistic justice.Based on these results, taking steps to promote fairness of linguistic justice in government agencies is the most important way that helps managers promote the social capital in their organization in addition to the benefits of linguistic justice. On the other hand, judgments about the fairness of the organizations have influence on the attitudes such as the legitimacy of authority in the organization. In addition, when people feel that the outcomes and organizational practices are unfair, may have worse performance and fail in doing consequential behaviors in organizations and it is less likely that obey the decisions of authority and therefore show more protest reactions. The perceived lack of fairness in the workplace, in deed is one of the main factors affecting aggressive behavior. These behaviors undermined the creation and development of social capital in organizations.
According to the results of the second hypothesis, it was found that there is a significant and positive impact on public confidence linguistic justice. In fact, the language of justice is of the major causes of public trust. In any society, public confidence is so closely related to justice. The lack of language of flattery, discriminatory and humiliating and urging people to avoid them just adds the capacity of linguistic justice development and consequently it just adds to express behaviors. Also respect to the right pivot in the words of managers leads to the attraction of citizens' trust.
According to the results of the third hypothesis, the relationship between public trust and social capital has been approved. Such a consequence is a logical conclusion.
As a result many studies, including Fokoyama, 2005; Donoghue & Tranter, 2012 and Sadeghian et al 1393, has shown that if the relations among members is highly trusted their desire for social exchange and cooperation increases. One could imagine that public trust and social capital reinforce each other. Social capital often creates relationships of trust and trust in turn leads to the formation of social capital. As government agencies are closely linked to citizens, the proper management of this connection leads to the management of public confidence as one of the most important social capital besides the economic capital.
Finally, according to the last hypothesis results, Public Trust as mediator in the relationship between Linguistic Justice and Social capital has some impacts. in the other words, the existence of Public Trust can improve the impact of Linguistic Justice on Social capital.

This interim report provides a framework to understand
local communities’ trust in public authorities.
Phase 1 of the project reflects a review of the academic
literature and a set of interviews with senior leaders.
Phase 2 – to come – involves a set of case studies of
individual projects and communities which will be
based on both qualitative and quantitative research
at the local level.

Public trust is one of the social capita als that can lead to integration in social systems. Trust linnks the citizens to organizations and institutions whic ch are representing them and in this way it increases s a government’s legitimacy and effectiveness. In the e communications industry nothing is more important than making the public trust the media. So building t trust and reflecting the facts on social, political and eco onomical issues is one of the essentials of media wor rk. Hence, this study set out to investigate the effectiive factors which contribute to increasing public trust ttoward media and to give a conceptual model for it in I Iran. In this sense, these questions were posed: what is s public trust and what is media trust? What are the ef ffective factors on each of these trusts? What appropri iate models can there be for achieving public trust for a media in Iran? Finally, at the end some suggestions are given based on the 5 effective factors of public trus st for media which can be manipulated to enhance media a trust in modern Iran.

This study assesses citizens’ trust in local government in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. A questionnaire was administered to a cross-section of society and the data obtained through convenience sampling with 357 valid responses analysed. One sample t-test, independent samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used to assess respondents’ level of trust based on gender, age, educational level, income and political affiliation. The findings reveal that participants have a low level of trust in the local administration. The results also indicate that among the five socioeconomic and political backgrounds of respondents only gender, age and political affiliation impact the trust level of the public in local government. However, there is little data to support the claim that respondents’ level of education and income affect their level of trust in the local administration.