Public Open Urban Spaces

In this paper the rationale of the bioclimatic regeneration of part of the commercial triangle of Athens is presented. In this 11 ha area, identified by three streets in the form of a triangle, the most vivid commercial activities have been taking place, from the transformation of Athens into a capital city in the 19 th century, up to late 20 th century, when the upcoming of " malls " displaced consumption habits from small shops to large shopping centres. As it is a place that has been either within the city walls or at the outskirts since antiquity, its geometry is very much affected by ancient and medieval Athenian city planning, which is explored and highlighted in this regeneration project. The commercial triangle area today is characterised by a mixture of neo-classical and modern buildings, as well as simplexes of pedestrian streets. The landscape of the area is being reshaped as the old uses that reflect the former economic backbone of the city, are displaced or replaced by new ones which are more related to the industry of entertainment. In this paper, a brief spatial description and historical review of the area is presented, pinpointing to the political and municipal decisions that have affected the area, highlighting the conflicts that the area faces today. Existing land use is monitored in detail and compared to past ones. The sustainability rationale of the regeneration of the public spaces of this area is presented, taking into consideration environmental issues (pedestrianisation of narrow streets, environmental footprint of used or reused materials, recycling municipal waste, low energy consumption street light, construction site measures), bioclimatic issues (microclimatic considerations, surface materials, placement of vegetation in narrow streets), cultural issues (putting forward the area's historic footprint through the design) as well as social issues (conflicts that might arise from competitive or incompatible land uses), trying to achieve a holistic sustainable regeneration approach.

Streszczenie: Chodzenie, siadanie, przebywanie. Utarło się przekonanie, że aby móc bywać w przestrzeni publicznej, trzeba w niej ograniczyć ruch kołowy, w mieście powstaje coraz więcej ciągów pieszych. Nie idzie to jednak w parze z tworzeniem ogólnodostępnych miejsc do odpoczynku, ustawianiem ławek, kreowaniem przyjaznych przestrzeni do nawiązywania relacji społecznych i międzyludzkich. Tekst rozważa teorię wpływu przestrzeni na zachowania ludzi. Udowadnia że im więcej pro-społecznych siedzisk na deptakach tym więcej ludzi generujących zwiększenie potencjału nabywczego przechodniów. Warunkiem siadania nie jest wyłącznie duży tranzyt, ale przede wszystkim zatrzymanie ludzi w przestrzeni. Na licznych przykładach opisuje miejsca do-społeczne i od-społeczne, tłumaczy i wyjaśnia zasady ich działania w odniesieniu do przebywania w przestrzeni publicznej miasta. Przestrzeń publiczna miasta, wymieniona w tytule, definiowana jest rozmaicie. W projektowej codzienności architektonicznej jest terminem, którego definicja, zawarta w ustawie 2 , zestawia przestrzeń z pojęciem obszaru: Obszar o szczególnym znaczeniu dla zaspokojenia potrzeb mieszkańców, poprawy jakości ich życia i sprzyjający nawiązywaniu kontaktów społecznych ze względu na jego położenie oraz cechy funkcjonalno-przestrzenne, określony w studium uwarunkowań i kierunków zagospodarowania przestrzennego gminy. Przestrzeń publiczna jest dialektyczna i działa jak sztuka, generuje pozytywne lub negatywne emocje, rodzi się z zacnych lub niecnych potrzeb, kreuje formy i antyformy. Rodzi się z ambiwalencji i sama taka jest. Jedną z ambiwalentnie ocenianych potrzeb mieszkańców 3 jest siadanie-główny przedmiot niniejszego tekstu. Można zignorować tę czynność, nie starać się zwiększać szans społecznych i 1 eMSA Inicjatywa Edukacyjna. 2 Ustawa z dnia 27 marca 2003 r. o planowaniu i zagospodarowaniu przestrzennym 3 To wynik własnych badań terenowych prowadzonych od 2009 roku. Partnerstwo Lokalne 8 SCEN zrealizowało w 2010 roku badania socjologiczne na terenie trzech wrocławskich osiedli. Wskazują one, że brak ławek jest dla mieszkańców ważnym problemem; URL: https://sites.google.com/site/emsasobotka/partnerstwo-8-scen/ankietyidiagnoza. Podobne badania zrealizował magistrat Olsztyna, w efekcie zwiększa się tam liczbę ławek, URL: http://www.konsultacje.olsztyn.eu

Resumen

Este Articulo expone el desarrollo de un análisis espacial enfocado en el diagnóstico y la planificación del espacio público articulador, de intercambio y encuentro ciudadano existente en la Comuna 2 de la ciudad de Montería. Los datos utilizados provienen de la participación voluntaria de los ciudadanos usuarios de estos espacios, a través de geoformulario web implementado como prueba piloto. Se aplicaron procedimientos y técnicas con base en elementos de análisis claves, que llevaron a concluir que en este sector de la ciudad no se dan las condiciones ideales para que el espacio público sea totalmente funcional en beneficio de la comunidad. Los resultados destacan el importante rol de la comunidad como colaboradora activa en los procesos de planificación de las urbes, siendo una fuente fiable e inagotable de datos insumos que respaldan la toma de decisiones.

Palabras clave: espacio abierto, análisis de datos, planificación urbana, participación comunitaria

Abstract

This article exposes the development of a spatial analysis focused on the diagnosis and planning of the public articulating, exchange and citizen meeting space existing in the Commune 2 of the city of Monteria. The data used comes from the voluntary participation of citizen users of spaces, through a web geoform implemented as a pilot test. Procedures and techniques were applied based on key analysis elements, which led to the conclusion that in this sector of the city there are no ideal conditions for the public space to be fully functional for the benefit of citizens. The results highlight the important role of the community as an active collaborator in urban planning processes, being a reliable and inexhaustible source of input data that support decision making.

Keywords: open spaces, data analysis, urban planning, community participation

Resumo

Este artigo expõe o desenvolvimento de uma análise espacial focada no diagnóstico e planejamento do espaço público de articulação, intercâmbio e encontro de cidadãos existente na Comuna 2 da cidade de Monteria. Os dados utilizados provêm da participação cidadã, através do uso de um formulário georreferenciado implementado como teste piloto. Foram aplicados procedimentos e técnicas com base em elementos de análise chave, que levaram a concluir que neste setor da cidade não existem condições ideais para que o espaço público seja plenamente funcional em benefício dos cidadãos. Os resultados destacam o importante papel da comunidade como colaboradora ativa nos processos de planejamento das cidades, sendo uma fonte confiável e inesgotável de dados insumos que apoiam a tomada de decisões.

Palavras-chave: espaços abertos, análise de dados, planejamento urbano, participação comunitária

Résumé

Cet article expose le développement d’une analyse spatiale axée sur le diagnostic et la planification de l’espace public d’articulation, d’échange et de rencontre de citoyens existant dans la Commune 2 de la ville de Monteria. Les données utilisées proviennent de la participation des citoyens, grâce à l’utilisation d’un formulaire web géoréférencé mis en œuvre comme test pilote. Des procédures et des techniques ont été appliquées sur la base d’éléments d’analyse clés, qui ont conduit à conclure que dans ce secteur de la ville, il n’existe pas de conditions idéales pour que l’espace public soit pleinement fonctionnel pour le bénéfice des citoyens. Les résultats soulignent le rôle important de la communauté en tant que partenaire actif dans les processus de planification des villes, étant une source fiable et inépuisable de données qui soutiennent la prise de décision.

Mots-clefs: espace ouvert, analyse de données, aménagement urbain, participation communautaire

The growth of the city and the urban reconfigurations have contributed to the redistribution and evolution of social and social practices in the urban public space in mass housing quarters, research on inhabited persons in the Constantine public space must therefore contribute to an upstream reflection on the process question of the modes of production, and downstream on changes in daily practices of the social groups that make and live the city. Confronting public policies and social intentions contained in the desired project participates in generating knowledge on the complex question of inhabiting it, and interactions between spaces designed-products and is received-delivered by users. This research is attempting to take a fresh look at nature's relationship between spatial reconfigurations and new socio-spatial practices in urban public spaces in mass housing quarters, considered as articulated and meaningful symbolic systems. It is a question of observing and understanding these two processes, and interpreting practices of appropriation and use of public spaces, with a particular interest given to the mode of inhabiting, with a view to optimal and adequate anticipation of the use by the planners, and designer in order to reduce the gap between designed and lived space.

Cemeteries have been created in civilizations in which dead people must be buried. In
different epochs, these places have found different features in relation with the kind of
perception of the concept of death by the community. In this regard, a cemetery space can
be examined from this point of view in different cultures and civilizations; furthermore,
the impacts of concepts, worship rites and rituals regarding death in each culture on the
creation of cemeteries can be assessed. In fact,the relationship of humans with space
depends on the relationship of a person with a place and social relations formed in that
place.This means that the quality of an urban space is comparable in terms of status of its
relationship with the people and on the other hand in terms of the relationships formed in
that space from the historical- cultural and social points of view.
Milan Monumental Cemetery can be a notable instance of architectural view towards
the phenomenon of death. This historical cemetery as an open space is the place where
a variety of arts are exhibited including painting, sculpture, literature, calligraphy,
architecture, architecture of landscape, etc., representing culture, beliefs, and notions of
the community concerning concepts such as life, death, virtue, eternal life, Nature and so
on.Moreover, this cemetery is counted among the most precious artistic and architectural
works of Italy in terms of cultural and social landscapes. As a live and permanent place,
this cemetery serves as a space for ritual, cultural, religious and social activities. Thus,
the present research aimed to investigate the role of this cemetery as an urban public
open space through social and cultural landscapes. This study is classified as a qualitative
research method, andthe data were

The Parc de La Villette and Viaduct Daumensil are two projects of architecture and landscaping in Paris readapting ex-industrial spaces from the Haussmann plan. Realised in the 80s, they are pioneers of the typology, showcasing the idea that the city is evolving from a machinic industrial system to an attractive liberal and cultural model. This essay will explore Paris’s urban history from the start of the industrial revolution and will analyse how the projects’ design encourages a new status quo of urban life, marked an advancement in the discipline of landscaping, and inspired projects internationally.

As disputas territoriais nas grandes cidades brasileiras estão ancoradas na desigualdade social. Nesse processo, as crianças são as mais prejudicadas pela dificuldade de acesso à rede de oportunidades educativas. Consequentemente, as brincadeiras nas ruas e o livre caminhar se mostram como o propulsor na leitura do território educativo. Nessa pesquisa buscamos analisar a influência e os efeitos da caminhabilidade a partir dos desafios das crianças nas experiências urbanas no percurso entre a casa e a escola. Para tanto, buscamos: enfatizar os processos de interlocução e escuta sensível com as crianças, de modo a contribuir com as políticas públicas e seu protagonismo sobre as decisões na cidade; compreender os aspectos socioambientais que influenciam a experiência urbana das crianças nos percursos entre suas casas e escolas, de forma a identificar as oportunidades educativas no território; analisar a influência e os efeitos da caminhabilidade na leitura do Território Educativo pelos agentes envolvidos na comunidade escolar. A estratégia investigativa foi qualitativa, com Abordagem Experiencial e multimétodos para a coleta de dados. No que se refere a área de estudo, foram usados os entornos das escolas públicas da Ilha do Governador (Rio de Janeiro/RJ). Dentre os principais resultados, apontamos a importância do caminhar autônomo e criativo para o empoderamento infantil e para sua formação cidadã, bem como a contribuição dos professores na leitura das oportunidades educativas, com destaque para as redes de confiança e articulações estabelecidas com os vizinhos. Por fim, consideramos que os percursos das crianças pela cidade podem ser considerados como modo de resistência, de atividade política e de contribuição à redução do adultocentrismo na sociedade.

This paper applied an ecocritical perspective on street art to expand on the notion that street art can have an impact on how we relate to urban public space. In doing so, it argued that street art is particularly well positioned to affect the way we think and act with regard to the environment.

Integration of sustainable project management into small business practices is seldom examined in architectural lighting design. One of the major elements of the sustainability of urban ambience entities and preservation of social, architectural and urban values is lighting phenomenon. Its significance is reflected in the aesthetic, as well as the functional qualities of safety and amenity for users. Usually, keeping the traditional types of luminaries (i.e. lanterns) in order to preserve ambience values lies in contradiction with the contemporary requirements, mostly because of the obsolete structural support which normally yields the application of the obsolete lighting technology. On the other hand, the introduction of contemporary luminaries in the urban areas of cultural and historical significance is often undesirable. Thus, the issue of sustainability of the historical urban ambiance entities in the context of the application of the contemporary lighting technical solutions is presented in this paper from the point of view of a project-oriented small organization, which holds in core business the philosophy of the confirmation of the existing lighting fittings to the users' space. This paper proposes and confirms business model which assures preservation of architectural ambient, with added value of the energy efficiency, functionality, life cycle savings, safety and amenity for the users, through the case study of Park vojvode Bojovica in Belgrade, Serbia by experimental collecting of model inputs, whereas the obtained results are verified by means of numeric simulation. Results of this case study make contributions to the domain of management of sustainable projects in area of architectural lighting design while exploring broader social context.

The Global Green Growth Institute, the Ministry of Infrastructure, Rwanda Housing Authority, local authorities, and other stakeholders collaborated on the improvement of public spaces in Rwanda’s secondary cities. The report was developed after the mapping and assessment of 36 public spaces in six secondary cities in Rwanda, through citywide surveys and revision on the master plans for Rwanda’s secondary cities with technical analysis of public spaces.

New forms of urban gardening are gaining a momentum in cities transforming the conventional use and functions of open green and public space. They often take place through informal and temporal (re)use of vacant land "that is considered to have little market value" (Chmelzkopf 1996: 364) consisting part of greening strategies or social policy. Increased adoption of such forms within urban areas underlies discussions of changing contemporary social and productive urban landscapes by raising important issues regarding new modes of land use management, green space governance and collaborative structures. This paper mainly focuses on the shifted meanings of the notion of open public space by referring to its openness to a diversity of uses and users that claim it and relates to the questions of access rights, power relations among actors, negotiations and the so called right to use and re-appropriate land (Hackenbroch 2013). By using examples drawn from the Greek and Swiss case, this paper advances comparative research under a European perspective underlining differences and similarities in urban gardening practices, social and institutional contexts, collaborative governance patterns, motivations, levels of institutionalisation, openness and inclusiveness of space between Northern and Southern Europe. More specifically the research calls attention to the critical role of the temporary nature of these initiatives in relation to their multifunctional, spatial and socio-political aspects that affects new configurations of urban green areas and public space as well as related planning practices. Therefore it investigates: a) What are the driving factors in each context and what forms of space and governing structures do they generate? b) How do these growing spaces influence the usability and accessibility of open/public space? c) What are the potentials, constraints, future prospects and urban policy implications of such urban gardening projects for sustainable development incentives?

The loss of place identity that plays a vital role in the urban structure and urban spaces is one of the problems of modern urban spaces and a controversial discussion in urban development literature. The importance of this concern is related to socio-cultural and conceptual aspects of urban spaces as a context of urban life. Due to the emphasis on the role of automobiles , traffic problems, inattention to the real needs of urban residents, pedestrian mobility and ignoring the people, urban development is facing failure because the people's environment, which is entirely connected to their history and culture, is ignored. This includes failing to take into account a sense of identity, relationship between people and their environment, shaping the dimension of place Identity and its indicators and social interactions. Urban public spaces have been considered as an important part of cities during history which have continuously reflected the cultural, social, and economic contexts of cities. In the wave of modernization, majority of urban public spaces have changed their functions and Identity and considered as a traffic node, therefore, it becomes important to evaluate and investigate the use of contemporary urban public spaces and the indicators which effect on regeneration of place identity in urban spaces, and to understand the relationship between people and their physical environment in such urban spaces. The purpose of this research is to place identity urban public spaces uses, and to the relationship between people and their physical environment. In this research, comprehensive literature review is undertaken to identify a potential problem, worthy a research and formulate a research framework. The research method is "analytical-descriptive" .In order to address these questions , this thesis employs a methodology that combines direct field observations, Questionnaire, SPSS Analysis (Chi-Square​ Test, Somer's d Test, Mann-Whitney Test, Kruskal-Wallis H and SWOT analysis ....), and as applied to investigate the indicators and dimension of place Identity in historical urban spaces of Altstadt Münster. Thus, the value of this research is in studying the relationship between the people and the physical settings of urban public spaces through using a mixed methodology(qualitative and quantitative) and exploring SPSS as a tool to describe and investigate dimension and indicators of place identity in historical urban public spaces. Analyzing this relationship and finding the indicators will add insights into place identity and urban public spaces theories and practice which could lead to further studies to improve Design's policies and strategies for regeneration of place identity in the historical squares and the Major factors in Regeneration of place identity in historical urban spaces for planning process.

Resumo. A alimentação, apesar de um fator básico para a vida humana, não é tratada como uma questão relevante no planejamento urbano. A incorporação de espaços produtivos na cidade poderia trazer inúmeros benefícios ambientais, econômicos e sociais. Neste trabalho, através de revisão bibliográfica e documental, se apresentam reflexões para o planejamento e projeto de espaços públicos produtivos, experimentados através da proposição de um plano urbanístico para a cidade de Niterói. Esse plano se baseia no conceito de CPULs (Continuous Productive Urban Landscapes), que compreende a agricultura como infraestrutura essencial à vida urbana e também como elemento de paisagens produtivas que articulam múltiplos usos e funções, incitando novas práticas e relações sócio-espaciais. Por fim, se discute o papel de fatores-chave para a efetividade do planejamento proposto, como a participação da população e a articulação de políticas públicas multissetoriais para fortalecer os efeitos gerados por esses espaços. Palavras-chave. agricultura urbana, paisagens produtivas, sustentabilidade, espaço público, infraestrutura verde.

The way in which public spaces have been interpreted throughout history is a way of cognitive process that has much to do with the human phenomenology of a place and the design paradigms through architectural phases.  Although modern design is contemporized in a broad existentialism of varying styles, the modes of constructing are intuitively based on modalities of civic art that are cognitively present in the minds of every architect with some artistic, historical and cultural awareness of civic art public open urban spaces, forming the basis of environmental compositions of aesthetic beauty, in the sense of habitable experience. This thesis is a demonstration of the problem of defining civic art  in relation to public open urban spaces of contemporary times, in relation to those of modernism, along with the presentation of syntactic demonstrations of contemporary solutions, in order to offer tools and actions for the architectural qualitative habitation of the public urban environment.

Komarock ward has the extraordinary opportunity to create a great and enviable riverfront along the Komarock canal (Silanga River). This may need to be sooner rather than later because of the noticeably high number of new housing units within the ward that is rapidly being constructed to accommodate the surging rise of population. There is urgent need to ensure that this population is well-catered for in terms of place liveability, recreation, entertainment and retail areas. The critical decisions that are likely to be made concerning the canal and its development will define the riverfront’s future while tapping into its potentials for recreation and economic development opportunities. Open spaces, walkable neighbourhoods and parks are believed to generate social benefits to the residents, environmental benefits to the area and its residents as well as economic benefits to the local governments, home-owners, developers and businesses since they bring about higher property values and significantly higher tax valuations. The availability of open spaces, recreational facilities and parks along Komarock Canal enhance the vision for a Non-Motorised Transport channel, an arboretum and riverfront physical developments. This is anticipated to accrue immense social, economic and environmental benefits to the local residents of Komarock as well as being an attractive facility to other visitors living within and beyond the immediate neighbourhood precincts. The approach for this planning development project is to synthesize reviews on various case studies on riverfront developments as the basis of drawing from good practices. The project focuses on individual benefits that accrue to nearby property holders and home-owners along with other users of the Komarock canal community park. This park is anticipated to generate benefits such as flood control, improved neighbourhood beauty and aesthetics, improved water quality of the canal, enabling healthy lifestyles, play areas for children, formal play areas for talent development, reducing air pollution and alleviating traffic congestion. This is because the proposed canal’s promenade will attract pedestrian traffic and at the same time it is anticipated to reduce overreliance on motor vehicles for short commuting distances within the neighbourhood. In this planning development project the park has been subjected to the tenets of sustainable design models of waterfronts and public open spaces. The park has been designed to enhance maximum public access to the riverfront park, to provide a recreational promenade along the river for pedestrians and cyclists and to promote healthy environmental benefits that include trees, botanical gardens, flowers and a landscaped greenway.

A city is an agglomeration of activities that exist because of its users and must respond towards their needs. The essence of a city lies in its ability to cater to public life and make the interactions between the users and the public spaces worthwhile. Local spaces like streets, markets etc. are the spaces used by the citizens regularly. To make the city a better place to live in, it is important to focus on the details of public spaces more than the designing of iconic structures. The Built Environment of urban areas has been experiencing constant growth as well as change over the years, but the poor ability of the built environment to adapt and sustain itself through the changes is leading to degradation of the cities. An ideal public space must be sustainable adaptable to the changing environmental, social, cultural and economic patterns. Built environment comprises of various attributes which act as performance indicators for analyzing the chosen area. This paper identifies these indicators, using the literature studies conducted and uses them to study and evaluate a typical Indian market place in the city of Ranchi-the capital city of the state of Jharkhand. This study is focused on exploring the ways in which the public spaces of an urban area can be made sustainable socio-culturally, economically and environmentally.

Public Square is one of the main pillars in social life that has effects on the social quality of the urban public space, and improving the level of social interactions of the citizens. Considering the effect of public space in quality of social life, in many modern cities, the public squares that have recently designed and constructed aren’t responsive for social needs, improvement of communications and the social relations of citizens. This matter appears because of poor conditions of cities during modernization and lack of attention to cultural, sociological and psychological needs, therefore analyzing the contributing factors on urban quality of successful historical public squares for improving citizens’ quality of life can introduce a guideline for designers and planners to solve contemporary urban problems. In this research, that has been developed based on descriptive procedure, the characteristics of Naghshe-Jahan Square as an active and vibrant historical public square has been examined to realize the effective factors on improving the quality of citizens’ urban life. The results of research indicate that quality of citizen’s urban life indicators in historical public square included visual aesthetic (Spatial continuity and hierarchy, emphasis on the axis of symmetry, balance and visual contrast, Sense of closure and introspection, Sense of wideness based on observer’s field of view), functional qualities (Special location in city core, political, religious, economical, commercial, tourism, recreation, cultural, historical and social values of the square, pedestrian accessibility, inclusiveness  of square to different social groups, various ages and genders). However, results show that, in developing the design for this historical public square, a comprehensive attention was paid to non-physical aspects like social beliefs, culture, traditions and religion. Therefore, Naghshe-Jahan Square in Isfahan, served as a multifunctional historical public space for improving the quality of urban life in the Iranian urbanism history.

Public spaces are vital parts of the city, contributing to its quality of life, and are a reflection of both their qualities and problems. Favelas are informal settlements, built organically according to the needs of their residents, but suffering from stigma and thus are the place of top-down projects and militarisation of public spaces. This paper explores how public spaces can be an important spectrum to read the urban dynamics in the favelas and what the effects of State intervention on public life are there. Through observations and interviews, I gained knowledge about the public space and the users’ experience of it. In this research paper, the methodology of public life studies and the specificity of the favela context interact to create a reflection on the possibility of another urbanism, based on the qualities of the communities and their adaptive physical environment, and the potential for green infrastructure in the dense city.

Key words: favela, informal settlement, public space, top-down, urbanism, placemaking, green infrastructure

L’attivo fervore teorico e pratico sul tema ‘paesaggi urbani’ ha aperto prospettive progettuali complementari e fertili, in cui l’approccio paesaggistico alla trasformazione va ben oltre la pratica di intervento e propone una ridefinizione degli orientamenti per un processo alla sostenibilità. Negli ultimi vent’anni, si è rafforzato un intreccio sempre più stretto tra paesaggio e urbanistica, basti pensare al Landscape Urbanism, all’Ecological Urbanism o al più recente Urban Ecological Design. In questo saggio, in breve, si tratteggiano le attuali direzioni di innovazione nella progettazione dei paesaggi urbani contemporanei, soffermandosi non tanto sul confronto semantico e concettuale tra urbanistica e paesaggio, quanto piuttosto sull’importanza di quella progettualità integrata che, attraversando i confini disciplinari, assume potenzialità rigenerative. L’approccio qui illustrato ha trovato nel mondo di spazi pubblici depositato nella città quelle naturalità e socialità utili alla ricomposizione incrementale dei territori, attivando un fecondo e dinamico processo di trasformazione che ne ha migliorato qualità e funzionalità. Questa metodologia considera con prudenza e consapevolezza le possibilità dei luoghi, i loro cicli naturali e il divenire nel tempo e nello spazio, e promuove una strategia interessante che, a partire dall’interpretazione delle condizioni contestuali, delle domande sociali e delle risorse disponibili, propone, valuta e ricalibra la trasformabilità dei paesaggi della città contemporanea.
Assumere l’atteggiamento paesaggistico come punto di partenza per una re-interpretazione dei luoghi pubblici in chiave sostenibile si fa banco di prova di un modo diverso di innescare processi urbani più naturali, capaci cioè di tessere dialoghi, scambi, qualità, relazioni e nuovi riferimenti che garantiscono margini di imprevedibilità, facendo propria la possibilità del cambiamento.

Continuous urban growth and sprawling city development in the outskirts of Metro Manila means less and less areas to develop and thus we are left with few open spaces.  Unquestionably, open spaces contribute to the welfare of the human being, from being places of social interactions and rest, providing contact with nature, environmental benefits, and meeting sustainability goals are just few benefits that make living more meaningful in an urban setting.  Urban open spaces are an essential part of urban development more than as an amenity, whether it is micro level – unit property or building projects, to meso level – subdivisions, mixed-use –developments, estate development, or to macro level – CBDs, barangays or city.  However, the concept of urban open space (UOS) is not well defined and understood in the practice and setting of urban development particularly in the macro level urban Metro Manila.  This paper will establish the urban fabric concept, organize the built spaces and urban open spaces (UOS), and further classify (UOS) in the large scale level.  It will analyse existing laws and implementing regulations in practice, pertaining to planning of (UOS) specifically BP 220, PD 957 and PD1216, through both qualitative and quantitative parameters.  A method of assessing existing urban open spaces in a district level such as the QC Quadrangle will be developed in this research. The results of the study will enable a better understanding of UOS, which can have positive bearing on future studies, planning, development and management of our urban areas.
Keywords: urban open space, open space requirement, public spaces, BP 220, PD 957

Jerusalem’s Route 1 has long been viewed as a seam line. The road was built on the remnants of the ceasefire line between the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and The State of Israel and constitutes the most graphic spatial divide between the city’s East and West adjacent to the old city walls. Beyond its role as a mechanism or infrastructure connecting places, Route 1 serves as an independent chronotope epitomizing the fixity of the liminal; Its expanse embodies the “border condition,” which recreates, reinforces, and reinterprets the past and present by presenting a concrete reality with its own ambience and atmospherics. While roads, especially thoroughfares are not usually seen as classic public spaces such as public squares, neighborhood streets and parks, I will argue that we can rethink and learn how to view essential infrastructure as a catalyst for improved urbanism.

The aim of this research is to unravel and interrogate critically the recent histories of the production and reproduction of Castlefield, Manchester. This unravelling is accomplished theoretically through the historicised application of Lefebvre‘s spatial triad. Production of space histories and Castlefield‘s ‗regeneration‘ are revisited principally through archival and interview evacuations of the neglected years of the 1970s. Urban public space is seen as the key city synecdoche. The thesis argues against what is called the ‗dominant academic narrative‘: challenging the narrative where it ignores or downplays the role of counter-representations and counter-projects in the production of urban public space. The empirical research is based mainly on archival data and complimentary interview and visual data; the analyses are qualitative. Visual representations of space largely neglected in the literature are foregrounded throughout the empirical research. Spaces of representation and spatial practice are interrogated from the perspective of public space analysis which emphasises the importance of the contested nature of representations of space within the public sector and the vulnerable and unstable character of some official representations of space. The thesis therefore does not seek to reproduce what might be called a ‗traditional‘ Lefebvrian analysis which counter-poses repressive official representations of space against quotidian heroic, poetic spaces of representation. The research challenges oversimplified characterisations of Castlefield as a space simply of heritage, leisure and exclusive residential enclaves. A dynamic, complex spatial portrait is revealed whereby ludic, ‗natural‘ and abstract space rise and fall though intricate spatial layering as time unfolds. Urban differential space and ludic space are found to emerge through the interstices of abstract space as key outcomes of the contestation of space. The thesis concludes that the potential for differential urban public space exists through the production of new spaces and their diverse politicised appropriation.

Face ao evidente aumento do contingente populacional das pessoas com mais de 60 anos, o processo do envelhecimento tem levantado importantes debates em áreas como planejamento social, político e econômico, os quais recomendam que o incremento da longevidade deve estar acompanhado de autonomia e qualidade de vida. Diante dessas demandas, a literatura relata que estar ativo tem sido uma das principais estratégias para a promoção de melhores condições de vida aos idosos, e os estudos no campo das relações pessoa-ambiente têm envidado esforços para compreender o papel dos diversos tipos de ambiente sociofísico para a estimulação da atividade em idosos. Dentre estes, os espaços abertos urbanos públicos tem sido relatados como alternativas promissoras na adoção de um estilo de vida menos sedentário. Com base nessas considerações, este estudo desenvolveu o conceito de suporte socioambiental e se propôs a investigar a relação entre seus elementos e a interação social de idosos em praças públicas da cidade de Natal-RN. Para tanto foi utilizada uma abordagem multimetodológica que incluiu: painel de especialistas, análise de características ambientais de 252 praças e dois estudos de caso contendo observações comportamentais, representação espacial dos comportamentos de interação social de idosos em praças, entrevistas coletivas e individuais com estes usuários. A associação entre a realização de atividades físicas e as formas de socialização por eles praticadas foi identificada como o principal agente motivador da presença de idosos nesses locais. Os resultados indicam que a inter-relação entre elementos do suporte socioambiental e os comportamentos socioespaciais que envolvem a apropriação do espaço - principalmente arranjos espaciais e distâncias interpessoais -  favorecem o estabelecimento de interações sociais relevantes para a estimulação na realização de atividades, as quais, segundo os pressupostos do Programa do Envelhecimento Ativo, são fundamentais para a manutenção de um estilo de vida ativo, com importantes implicações para a saúde, bem estar e qualidade de vida na velhice.

Debido al aumento del contingente de la populación con más de 60 años, el proceso de envejecimiento ha suscitado importantes debates en áreas tales como la planificación social, política y económica, que recomiendan que el aumento de la longevidad debe ser acompañada de la autonomía y la calidad de vida. Teniendo en cuenta estas demandas, la literatura reporta que la actividad física ha sido una de las principales estrategias  para la promoción de mejores condiciones de vida para las personas mayores. Estudios sobre la relación persona-ambiente han tratado de entender el papel del ambiente sociofísico para estimular la actividad de las personas mayores en los más diversos entornos. Entre estos, los espacios urbanos abiertos públicos se los han reportado en varios estudios como una alternativa prometedora en la adopción de un estilo de vida menos sedentario. A partir de estas consideraciones, el objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la relación entre los elementos de soporte socioambiental y la interacción social de las personas mayores en las plazas públicas de la ciudad de Natal-RN, utilizando un enfoque multimétodos, al que se incluyó un panel de expertos, el análisis de las características ambientales de 252 plazas, estudios de caso conteniendo entrevistas colectivas e individuales con los usuarios mayores y la representación espacial de sus conductas de interación social La asociación entre la realización de actividad física con las formas de socialización que se las practican ellos fue identificada como el principal motivador de la presencia de los ancianos en estos lugares. Los resultados indican que la interrelación entre los elementos del soporte socioambiental (concepto desarrollado en este estudio) y los comportamientos socio-espaciales que implican principalmente la apropiación del espacio, los arreglos espaciales y las distancias interpersonales, favorecieron el establecimiento de interacciones sociales pertinentes para fomentar la realización de actividades, que, según los presupuestos del Programa de Envejecimiento Activo, son fundamentales para el mantenimiento de un estilo de vida activo, con importantes implicaciones para la salud, el bienestar y la calidad de vida en la vejez.

In view of the evident increase in the population group of people over 60 years old, the aging process has raised important discussions on social, political and economical planning that recommend that the increase in longevity must be followed by autonomy and well-being. Faced to these demands, the literature reports that physical activity is a key strategy to promote better living conditions for the elderly. Studies about person-environment are making efforts to understand the socio physical environment role to encourage old people to make activities in many different environments. Among these, the urban public open space has been reported by many researches as a promising alternative in order to adopt a less sedentary life style. Based on these considerations, this study proposed to investigate the relationship between the social environment support elements and social interaction of seniors in public squares in the city of Natal, RN, using a multimethodological approach that included a experts panel, environmental characteristics analysis of 252 squares, case studies containing collective and individual interviews with elderly users and the spatial representation of their social interactions. The association between physical activities with the socialization practiced by them was identified as the main motivation for their presence in these places. The results indicate that the relationship between the socio-environmental characteristics (concept developed in this study) and the socio-spatial behaviors that include the spatial appropriation, spatial arrangements and interpersonal distances, helps to promote social interactions in carrying out activities, which, according to the assumptions Active Ageing Program, enable the maintenance of an active way of life, with important implications for health, wellness and quality of life in old age.

In the past, the concept of smart cities has been used extensively. Many researchers have worked on it and so much is there to talk about the way the modern-day cities are supposed to look like in the upcoming time along with smart technology applications in various aspects and fields of life and smart city-related areas. In public spaces, one of the areas in the urban spaces. It is always vital to consider that how they will produce their appearance when in major cities the smart technology is applied. The smart urban public spaces represent the use of the modernized technology and also assist in the use of spaces in the urban public. At the same time, these spaces are always expected to fulfill the rules of modern technology and architecture, the social, traditional or cultural, financial as well as ecological level of the community is also affected by it. There is a great change in the meaning as well as the functioning of smart urban public spaces in the era where interconnected via technological development. On the basis of smart and networked technological development as well as services, there are increasing facilities and opportunities for those who migrate to the cities. As a result, there is a need to further development of smart technology and smart networks in smart urban public spaces to meet the need of people living in the cities and to make smart urban public spaces attractive for the public. The essential goal of digital and smart networking in the smart urban public spaces is to enhance the use, access to public spaces. These applications also help to understand the city dwellers behavior in the better way especially in the megacities which are of great significance like Cairo. The smart technology application is shown as the way to enhance the structures of mobility, better efficiency of energy and buildings with this technology. This paper introduces an investigate to answer some vital questions regarding the use of smart technology and how it can be used to make the smart urban public spaces better and how can one enhance the life of people living in these smart urban public spaces. A literature review is presented in this paper along with a research-based methodology, the concept of smart urban public spaces analysis, applied technologies, application and their benefit along with various other challenges. The global case study will also be explored in this paper on the smart urban public spaces, in the end; the conclusion is given by the examination of applications in Cairo along with opportunities of being a megacity, either on the smart urban public spaces current level of in the upcoming times.

Rural development represents a very complex, wide-ranging and multidisciplinary sector. This contemporary issue stands for initiating and supporting development of rural settlements and landscapes. To make it efficient it's important to encourage and support sustainability concerning both economic and environmental aspects. Regarding environmental sustainability an important role is played by open spaces. Within built-up area the emphasis should be put especially on those public and semi-public ones as they provide space for social interaction and community life. They have a potential to improve the environment and thereby the quality of life in the countryside. Besides economic productivity of open land structures surrounding rural settlements the social utilization of these areas should be considered and improved. Relevant tools for restoration and further development of rural spaces are provided by landscape planning and landscape architecture. They lie in improving green infrastructure (GI) of rural spaces. This paper introduces the approach of GI improvement by planning and design tools on the case study of micro-region Cergát-Váh and the rural settlement Tvrdošovce (Tardoskedd) situated in the agricultural countryside of Nitra Region in the Danube Lowland. Kulcsszavak:vidék, zöld infrastruktúra, nyitott tér, köztér, fenntarthatóság ÖSSZEFOGLALÓ MEGÁLLAPÍTÁSOK, KÖVETKEZTETÉSEK, JAVASLATOK A vidékfejlesztés egy nagyon komplex, széles körű és multidiszciplináris ágazatot képez. Ez az aktuális probléma a vidéki települések és tájegységek fejlesztésének kezdeményezését és támogatását jelenti. Hogy ennek hatékonyságát és eredményességét biztosítani tudjuk,

"Concerning the design of contemporary public open urban spaces, much debate has taken place since modernism, on the evaluation of the levels of perceptual security scrutinized upon
since the time of Camillo Sitte, who studied concepts of enclosure, groupings, open and closed structures, and irregularity of peripheral vision as means of perceptual security and pleasure. The problem becomes more complicated with the more synthetic and hybrid characteristics of modern city development, where enclosure, irregularity and proportion come in contrast with values of openness, minimalism, and cubist interpretations of design solutions. The following paper is an analysis aimed at providing a more in-depth understanding of the psychology of perception within a space, through the investigation of interpersonal functions and their relationships to the visitors, through evaluation of bound spaces (where someone may feel either comfortable, safe and protected, or restricted and smothered) and unbound spaces, (where someone may feel either free or vulnerable
and exposed). The end result is a syntactic coherence including elements of structure, theme, information availability, framing,  articulation, and path."

The open space system is put forward again in recent master-planning schemes, whose strategic framework is characterised by continuity and chain paradigm. This has become a crucial component for the regeneration and integration of the inner and modern city. This essay hinges on the most recent ecological theories as well as on the European cities design tradition, that goes from the XVIII Century to the rationalist period. The research focuses on: - the new significance of the urban open space, which uses the chain/network concept design of continuity/integration; - the role it can play as an urban regeneration and integration instrument, starting from the re-use of abandoned and left over space; - the real feasibility and efficacy, combined with its limits, of the general thesis and the first design experimentation on these themes. The investigation field is supplied by Rogers’ theories of urban regeneration and by the academic and political debate that, together with the reform, have shaped the framework of the new London Plan and the first design experimentation for the regeneration of the inner city. A key contribution of the present work is to analyse, also by using different speakers’ opinions, these ideas’ applicability to other European city. The importance of this research field stems from the great availability in contemporary cities, coupled with the abandoned land, left over space remaining from the settlement process. The questions addressed in this work deals with a number of issues. These are: first, the way these areas are associated to very different typologies and factors (real estate residues, minor roads, old railway routes disused, old valley lines broken, green rural residues, left over space after planning); second, how these are subject to improper use (warehouses, temporary vegetable gardens, improvised play areas, unauthorised parking lots, etc.) or inadequate use (green public spaces divided into town districts). Finally, how design tend to ignore these residual spaces or to use them in a fragmented vision of public and green spaces. The presence of these residual spaces depends on two factors: - the transformation of the manufacturing process, which has released the spaces of industrial dismantling (very large, often contaminated, inner city areas, connected to the road and railway network by the dedicated rail lines for manufactured material); - the recent contemporary cities building method founded on separated stages, not interconnected and auto-conclusive fragmented settlements, and the source of large residual “in between” spaces, with no purpose. Generally, the re-use of these spaces has been episodic. Its motivations were mostly connected to the centrality land values, as well as to the agents’ contingent intentions, purely for densification purposes (“to fill in gaps”) or to protect the empty space. Recent projects have shown how these residual spaces can be re-organized in a more comprehensive strategy for the contemporary city’s regeneration. The hypothesis is to re-use these areas (left over space, brownfield site, abandoned land) to built green chains viewed not only as an ecological recuperation of the city’s environment quality but also as an occasion to find space for the social aggregation and as an opportunity to give a unitary design and formal quality for the whole city and its parts. The debate on this matter has often charged these hypotheses as abstracted and impracticable. In reality, these already existed in the history and the recent projects demonstrate their feasibility even if this would involve different paths and purposes. The research must therefore verify these hypotheses by reconstructing and evaluating, from this point of view, the most recent projects, and the associated debate, that are taking place in London and the United Kingdom and try to understand if extent these paths are feasible for other European cities. This work is quite innovative for three raisons: - this book analyses the policies and their realization at local level; - contains huge quantity of unpublished documents and images; - identifies composite, spatial and functional roules to integrate and shape the open space system with the urban system Moreover, the assessment of whether and to what extent these paths are feasible for other European cities is also at the core of our investigation.

Il sistema del verde viene oggi riproposto in alcuni piani urbanistici più recenti secondo un disegno di struttura caratterizzato dalla continuità e dal paradigma reticolare; esso è utilizzato come componente primaria di un’operazione di riqualificazione ed integrazione della città consolidata e della città contemporanea caratterizzata dalla diffusione insediativa. La ricerca indagasu: i nuovi significati attribuiti al verde urbano con l’impiego del paradigma reticolare continuità/integrazione; il ruolo che questo può assumere quale strumento di riqualificazione ed integrazione urbana, a partire dal riutilizzo degli open space in dismissione e degli spazi residuali; la reale fattibilità ed efficacia, insieme ai limiti, delle tesi generali e delle sperimentazioni progettuali proposte o avviate su questi temi. Il campo di approfondimento è offerto dalle tesi sulla riqualificazione urbana di Rogers e dal dibattito e le riforme da queste suscitato che hanno determinato l’impostazione del Nuovo Piano di Londra (2003) e dalle prime sperimentazioni progettuali avviate per la riqualificazione di parti della città. Il percorso consente di verificare l’applicabilità di queste tesi alla riqualificazione della città europea. Le motivazioni ed il campo problematico della ricerca prendono le mosse dal considerare la larga disponibilità nella città contemporanea, insieme alle grandi aree di dismissione, di aree e spazi minori residuali del processo insediativo; come queste aree siano riconducibili a tipologie e fattori assai diversi, come esse siano oggetto di usi impropri o inadeguati; infine come i comportamenti ricorrenti nella progettazione tendano a trascurare o ignorare questi residui o ad utilizzarli in una visione frammentata dello spazio pubblico e del verde. Recenti esperienze hanno dimostrato come questi spazi ed aree residue possano essere oggetto di una strategia più complessiva per la riqualificazione della città contemporanea.

The aim of this research is to unravel and interrogate critically the recent histories of the production and reproduction of Castlefield, Manchester. This unravelling is accomplished theoretically through the historicised application of Lefebvre‘s spatial triad. Production of space histories and Castlefield‘s ‗regeneration‘ are revisited principally through archival and interview evacuations of the neglected years of the 1970s. Urban public space is seen as the key city synecdoche. The thesis argues against what is called the ‗dominant academic narrative‘: challenging the narrative where it ignores or downplays the role of counter-representations and counter-projects in the production of urban public space. The empirical research is based mainly on archival data and complimentary interview and visual data; the analyses are qualitative. Visual representations of space largely neglected in the literature are foregrounded throughout the empirical research. Spaces of representation and spatial practice are interrogated from the perspective of public space analysis which emphasises the importance of the contested nature of representations of space within the public sector and the vulnerable and unstable character of some official representations of space. The thesis therefore does not seek to reproduce what might be called a ‗traditional‘ Lefebvrian analysis which counter-poses repressive official representations of space against quotidian heroic, poetic spaces of representation. The research challenges oversimplified characterisations of Castlefield as a space simply of heritage, leisure and exclusive residential enclaves. A dynamic, complex spatial portrait is revealed whereby ludic, ‗natural‘ and abstract space rise and fall though intricate spatial layering as time unfolds. Urban differential space and ludic space are found to emerge through the interstices of abstract space as key outcomes of the contestation of space. The thesis concludes that the potential for differential urban public space exists through the production of new spaces and their diverse politicised appropriation.

Budapest is a  European city which does have a historic centre but does not possess one dominant main square today. The article traces the evolution of Budapest as a multi-focal city, concentrating on the network of its historic squares and seeking explanations for the city’s polycentric character.

Among the explanations, historical discontinuities will be featured alongside radical inner-city reconstruction projects, carried out at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries; that was the time when the original town hall and town hall square of the Pest side disappeared, together with much of the Pest Inner City’s premodern urban tissue. Subsequent sections emphasize further, unrealized plans of grandiose inner-city reconstruction in various phases of the city’s history, including the failed attempts of establishing a new central “Forum” in the interwar period, the cancelled plans of Communist governments to refashion the inner city in the spirit of “Socialist” architecture, and the never-completed project of erecting a new, central City Hall throughout the 20th and early 21st century.

The article pays special attention to the functional diversity of historic squares, highlighting various types of squares which have augmented each other since the time of their construction and which all carry some functions of single-centre towns’ traditional main squares. As far as the present physiology of Budapest is concerned, today’s municipal government structure and the extensive autonomy of the individual districts will also be identified among the reasons for the city’s multi-focal nature.

analysis was conducted to social activities patterns and place characteristics that influence them. The outcome of this paper is hoped to provide sort of definite guidelines and strategies for urban design policy towards better quality of urban life in future development.

Modern yaşam içinde kent, birbirinden bağımsız birçok yaşam düzlemiyle belli bir organizasyon dâhilinde insanları belli kurallarla bir arada tutarken, aynı zamanda sosyal, kültürel ve ekonomik bağlamda toplum-sal ihtiyaçlara da cevap verebilen yaşam alanlarının bütünüdür. Günümüz kentleri, son 50 yıldır çevresel ve sosyal sorunlarının tartışıldığı platformların merkezi hâline gelmiştir. İklim değişikliklerini tetikleyen çevre kirliliği, doğal kaynakların tüketimi gibi konularla birlikte kentlerin demografik ve mekânsal planlama kararlarındaki yetersizliklerle birlikte büyüyen sorunlarına çözüm arayışları her geçen gün önemini arttırmaktadır. Bu nedenle son yıllarda kent konusu, önemi gereği bilimsel çalışmalarda öne çıkan konulardan biri olmuştur. Kent kavramından türetilen; uyum sağlama sürecini ve sisteme dâhil olma çabasını ihtiva eden manasıyla 'kentleşme' ve 'kentlileşme' olguları da kent ve kentsel mekân konusunun ana argümanlarından olup üzerinde pek çok araştırmalar yapılmıştır. Kentlileşme olgusu, kentleşmenin fiziki tanımlamasından uzak, tamamen kentte yaşamaya çalışan bireylerin duygu, düşünce ve davranışlarıyla ilgili bir kavram hâline gelerek adaptasyon sürecinin niteliğini içermiştir. Kentler, aldığı göçlerle sosyo-kültürel açıdan farklı bireylerin görüş ve alışkanlıklarıyla, birbirine benzemeyen yaşam felsefeleriyle sosyal yaşam içinde uyum ve ahenkle bir arada olmalarını sağlayan çeşitli mekân düzlemleriyle çeşitlendirilmiştir. Artan nüfus ve teknolojik gelişmelerle beraber hem yatay hem de dikey olarak hızla büyüyen kent üzerindeki artan baskı nedeniyle, yeni bir kentsel tasarım modeli olarak 'Sürdürülebilir Kentsel Tasarım' kavramı ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu bakış açısıyla tasarlanan kentlerde; hem doğa üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri minimuma indirip doğal kaynakları gelecek nesillere aktarmayı sağlayan mekânsal sürdürülebilirlik, hem de kentte yaşayanların gündelik sosyal yaşamını çeşitlendiren ve sosyal sürdürülebilirliği destekleyen pek çok mekânsal düzleme de olanak sağlanmaktadır. Çalışma, kent kavramının kavramsal gelişim ve dönüşümünden yola çıkarak, kentsel gelişimin kültürel, mekânsal ve sosyal sürdürülebilirliğini destekleyen önemli kentsel mekânlardan biri olan 'açık kamusal alanlar'ın geliştirilmesi veya yeniden yapılandırılmasının kentsel planlamaya sunacağı katkıları ortaya koymayı hedeflemektedir. Açık kamusal alanlar, hızla artan şehir nüfusunda kentliler için kaynaşma ve etkileşme alanları olarak, sosyal ve mekânsal faydalarıyla birlikte günümüzde şehircilik ve mimarlık için hızlı ve güçlü bir momentuma dönüşmüştür. Kentin özünü ve ağırlık merkezlerini oluşturan kamusal alanlar; hem tarihsel hem de coğrafi olarak kente kimlik kazandıran öğelerdir. Sürdürülebilir kentsel politikaların temel amaçlarından biri; farklı sosyo-kültürel ve ekonomik gruptan bireylerin katılımın sağladığı bir buluşma alanı olan açık kamusal alanlarla birlikte kentin bazı kısımlarını bütünleşmiş bir yapıya dönüştürüp, insanları bir araya getirmektir. Çalışma bu anlamda sürdürülebilir kentsel gelişimin önemli planlama aracı olan açık kamusal alanların önemli bir katalizör görevi icra ettiği mekânsal düzlemi, aynı zamanda etkileşim ve kaynaşma merkezi olarak kentli sosyal hayatına katacağı değeri üzerinden açıklamayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada sürdürülebilir kentsel tasarım için açık kamusal alanların; kentin tarihi, kültürü, silueti, estetiği, yerel ekonomik canlılığı ve sosyal etkileşim alanı oluşuyla birlikte kente sunduğu katkılar açısından irdeleyen, tanımlayan ve tartışan bir yöntemle ele alınmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Kent, kentleşme, kentsel tasarım, sürdürülebilir kentsel gelişim, açık kamusal alanlar.

ABSTRACT
In modern life, the city is the whole of living spaces that can meet the social needs in a social, cultural and economic context while keeping people together with certain rules within a certain organization with many independent levels of life Today's cities have become the center of platforms where environmental and social  problems are discussed for the last 50 years. With the issues such as environmental pollution triggering climate change and consumption of natural resources, the search for solutions to the growing problems of cities with their inadequacies in demographic and spatial planning decisions increases its importance day by day. Therefore, in recent years, the city has become one of the prominent subjects in scientific studies due to its importance. Derived from the concept of city; the concept of urbanization, which includes the adaptation process and the effort to be included in the system, is one of the main arguments of the city and urban space. The phenomenon of urbanization included the quality of the adaptation process by becoming a concept about the emotions, thoughts and behaviors of individuals trying to live in the city completely from the physical definition of urbanization. Cities have been diversified with the migrants they receive, with the views and habits of different socio-cultural individuals, their dissimilar life philosophies and various spatial planes that enable them to coexist with harmony and harmony in social life. The concept of 'sustainable city' has emerged as a new urban design model due to the increasing pressure on the rapidly growing city horizontally and vertically with the increasing population and technological developments. In cities designed with this perspective; both spatial sustainability, which minimizes negative impacts on nature and transfers natural resources to future generations, as well as many spatial planes that diversify the daily social life of the city's inhabitants and support social sustainability. Based on the conceptual development and transformation of the concept of the city, the study aims to reveal the contribution of the development or restructuring of ' public spaces', one of the important urban spaces supporting the spatial and social sustainability of urban development, to urban planning Public spaces have become a rapid and powerful momentum for urbanism and architecture with their social and spatial benefits as the areas of integration and interaction for the urban population in the rapidly increasing urban population. Public spaces that constitute the essence and centers of gravity of the city; are the elements that give identity to the city both historically and geographically. One of the main objectives of sustainable urban policies is to transform people from different parts of the city into an integrated structure together with public spaces, which is a meeting place where individuals from different socio-cultural and economic groups participate. This study predicts the value of the spatial plane in which public spaces, which are important planning tools of sustainable urban development, act as an important catalyst and will add to the urban social life as a center of interaction and integration. In the study, sustainable urban design public spaces; examining the city's history, culture, silhouette, local economic vitality, social interaction area as well as its contribution to the city is described and discussed.

Key Words: City/urban, urbanization, urban design, sustainable urban development, public spaces