Psycology

Anormal Psikoloji kitabı, ruhsal bozukluklar alanında çalışan tüm profesyoneller, psikiyatristler, klinik psikologlar, psikologlar, psikolojik danışmanlar, hekimler, sosyal hizmet uzmanları, psikiyatri hemşireleri ve bu alanlarda öğrenci yetiştiren akademisyenler ile eğitim alan öğrenciler için temel bir başvuru kitabıdır.
2013 yılının Mayısı ayında yayımlanan DSM-5 ölçütlerine göre ruhsal bozukluklarla ilgili sunulan bilgilerin güncellemesinin de yapıldığı bu kitap, tüm dünyada pek çok üniversitenin psikiyatri ve psikoloji bölümlerinde ders kitabı olarak okutulmaktadır.
Kitabın her bölümünde, ilk olarak ruhsal bozukluklarla ilgili vakalar sunulmakta, daha sonra bozuklukların klinik tanıları yapılmakta ve DSM-IV-TR’den farklı olan DSM-5’te yapılan değişikliklere yer verilmektedir. Ayrıca, DSM-5’teki tanı ölçütleri, bozuklukların etiyolojisi ve epidemiyolojisi, bozukluklar üzerinde kalıtımın ve çevrenin etkileri, biyolojik ve sosyal ve kültürel etkiler, en güncel araştırmalardan elde edilen verilerle harmanlanarak sunulmaktadır. Ruhsal bozuklukların tedavisinde etkili olacak terapi yaklaşımları ve ilaçla yapılan tedaviler hakkında da bilgiler veren kitap, sahip olduğu zengin içeriği ile eşsiz bir kaynaktır.
Anormal Psikoloji kitabının; profesyoneller ve öğrenciler için önemli bir rehber olacağına, yardıma ihtiyaç duyan insanların sorunlarının çözümüne, ruhsal bozuklukların tanı ve tedavisinde önemli katkılar sağlayacağına inanıyoruz.

Abstract
The present study examined the relationship between the personality traits and self-esteem. Three-hundred-ten Shiraz University
students (147 girls and 163 boys) were participants of the study. Big five personality factor’s Scale (Goldberg, 1999) and
Coopersmith’s self-esteem scale were used as measures of the study. Simultaneous multiple regression of self-esteem on the
personality traits subscales, revealed that the extraversion versus introversion, agreeableness versus antagonism,
conscientiousness versus lack of direction and openness versus closeness to experience traits were significant positive predictor
and neuroticism versus emotion stability was significant negative predictor of the self-esteem.

Some of Law and Economics’ basic claims have come to be criticized as a result of empirical findings that question their viability. Particularly, the premise that agents consistently act rationally and with their self-interest in mind seems problematic. What the consequences of the criticism mean for Law and Economics’ tenability depends largely on the questions whether (1) some elements are unassailable to the alternative’s objections and (2) the alternative is a systematic whole. It is argued that Law and Economics may be salvaged, if it is minimized and its ambitions are tempered. This means focusing on the stable, a priori, elements inherent to it.

Background: Because there are several reports associations between affective (AD) and bipolar disorder (BD) and suicide, the research develops a discussion of risk factors that influence the occurrence of suicide attempts in patients with BD. Objectives: To relate risk factors present in patients with bipolar disorder who committed suicide or some suicide attempt. Methods: A survey was made in Scopus with the keyword "bipolar" and the terms "suicide" and "attempted"and "risk factors" from Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). We use only Scopus as the data source, and the statistical information available in tables and graphs provided from this source. Results: Frequently the AD and BD were associated with suicide occurrence in the studies included in this review. They identified the main risk factors for suicide the previous suicide attempt and hopelessness. The main risk factors for nonfatal suicidal behavior included family history of suicide, early onset of bipolar disorder, extent of depressive symptoms, increasing severity of affective episodes, the presence of mixed affective states, rapid cycling, comorbid Axis I disorders, and abuse of alcohol or drugs. The suicide rate in this disorder reaches three times compared with other mental illnesses, and there are several risk factors: 3:1 ratio of suicide in men compared to women, but in females a greater number of attempts are observed. 25% of persons consume alcohol prior to suicidal attempt. The studies relate these factors and show how they can pose a risk to the carrier of the disorder. There are other risk factor for BD discussed on this review.

Resumen
Muchos creadores, a lo largo de la historia, se han sumergido en un ámbito oscuro y trasgresor; las pinturas negras y la trágica serie "Los desastres de la guerra", de Goya; los seres metamorfoseados y devorados en un violento acto sexual de Picasso; el mundo oscuro y árido dibujado por A. Kubin; Francis Bacon, a través de desnudos deformes e incoherentes, sangrientos y deshuesados; el mundo caótico y viscoso de David Lynch con criaturas que fluctúan cambiando su anatomía, amorfas y monstruosas (Eraserhead). Tod Browning, que presenta un circo repleto de seres con deformaciones espeluznantes que la misma naturaleza ha creado (Freaks). Lo extremo, lo abyecto, lo grotesco y lo monstruoso, son características que muchos artistas han izado como bandera de su trabajo. Desde los violentos desajustes picassianos a las hinchazones de Dobuffer, las mutilaciones y las laceraciones de De Kooning, el grupo Cobra y seguidores como Saura, los alargamientos de Giacometti o los sutiles desajustes entre forma y color de Léger y de Warhol, por no mencionar los hirientes trazados de Beuys, se podría establecer una catalogación de todas las violencias a las cuales el artista ha sometido a lo real en el momento de representarlo.
Dr. Adolfo Vasquez Rocca

[AMAZON LINK BELOW TO BOOK ITSELF -- TOC and book intro in downloadable .pdf] 

"It is a common experience that a problem difficult at night is resolved in the morning after the committee of sleep has worked on it." --John Steinbeck Scientific research confirms what people have always known: answers, ideas, and inspiration do come to us in dreams. Harvard psychologist and world-renowned dream specialist Deirdre Barrett, Ph.D., offers this rich collection of examples of how the world's most creative practitioners in art, music, film, science, literature and other fields have used the revelations of their dream life to inform their work. Dr. Barrett offers insights showing us how to encourage lucid, meaningful dreaming, and how to apply the meanings of our dreams to solving problems--from the everyday to the extraordinary. This is the stuff dreams are made of. In the visual arts, Jasper Johns couldn't find his unique artistic vision until he dreamed it in the form of a large American flag. Salvador Dali and his colleagues built the startling new genre of surrealism out of dreams. Kubla Kahn dreamed the design for his stately pleasure dome; thousands of years later, Lucy Davis, chief architect at a major firm, continues the tradition of dreaming designs into life in her extraordinary buildings. Film is a fertile avenue for dreams: "Twice I have transferred dreams to film exactly as I had dreamed them," confides director Ingmar Bergman, as have Federico Fellini, Orson Welles, Akira Kurosawa, Robert Altman, and John Sayles. From Mary Shelley's terrible nightmare, which became Frankenstein, to Stephen King's haunting dream as a little boy, which led to his first bestseller, countless writers have consulted the Committee. Musicians from Beethoven to Billy Joel and Paul McCartney have whistled the Committee's tunes. In science, physiologist Otto Loewi dreamed the medical experiment that earned him the Nobel Prize. In sports, Marion Jones dreamed she'd broken a world record, then brought the dream to life. Gandhi translated his dream of resistance into a movement that changed the world. Since Freud, we take it for granted that our dreams reflect our past. In The Committee of Sleep, Barrett reveals how dreams can also tell us about our future potential--and how to reach it.

The prevalence of Autism is on the rise worldwide with studies presenting the worldwide prevalence rates as 1 in 68 children. This is rising alarmingly every year and the combined presentation of Autism with ADHD in the same child is also increasing. In this scenario it is shocking to note that many medical professionals in general and paediatricians in particular are unaware of the availability of an Autism Cure that is already being accessed by parents with children with autism from all over the world and these children are thriving completely free from their limiting symptoms. This article seeks to enlighten medical professionals about this Autism Cure and emphasizes the urgent necessity for them to update themselves about the same so that more children with Autism and ADHD (and their parents) need not suffer unnecessarily due to this " autism cure awareness gap " that is currently prevailing among medical professionals and paediatricians worldwide. Read More ... #Autism #AutismCure #AutismTreatment

This writing appears as Appendix I in my book, Transitions in Consciousness from an African American Perspective: Original Essays in Psycho-Historical Context.  The book was published in 2004.  Appendix I is a comprehensive Timeline of African American Life, focused on Five Historical Time Frames For African American Life, with Consciousness Transition Themes and Examples of Historical Events.  The five time frames are: 1517-1863 (6 Themes)--The Beginning of Slavery in the New World Up to The Onset of a Civil War and The Emancipation of Slaves; 1863-1896 (4 Themes)--Resistance to the End of the Civil War and the Force of the Reconstruction Era Up to Early Popularized African American Cultural Influences; 1896-1929 (5 Themes)--Creative Tension of Two Ideologies for Black Progress: Vocational Education vs. College-Trained Leadership Up to The Second Black Nationalist Movement; 1929-1954 (4 Themes)—The Condoning of a Segregated American Lifestyle and the Treatment of African Americans As “Objects” By the U. S. Government Up To Challenges To U. S. Segregated Cultural Life Through Music, Art, Publications, Inventions, Sports, and Civic Symbols; 1954-2002 (Themes)—The Struggle of the Civil Rights Movement, Sit-In Movement, and Freedom Rides to Promote the Ideas of Freedom, Desegregation, and Full Equality for African Americans Up to The Struggle to Shift Race-Related Consciousness and to Urge Cultural Transformations By Infusing African American Cultural Influences and a Search for the Meaning of Race and Ethnicity Into The Mainstream Via The Mediums of Music, Dance, Film, Television, Publications, Sports, and Civic Symbols.  Even though the Time Line ends at 2002, the Themes are very instructive for understanding what is happening in today’s reality (2017) regarding race relations in the United States.  The Themes mirror how the mind, body, and spirit has been dealt with in the United States over time in regard to the phenomenon of race.

This project gives attention on all autistic children who educated in rehabilitation centers. The project’s aim is preparing a psychological first aid, psychological helping after disaster programs for autistic children. Most required goal is giving coping strategies after disaster problems to autistic children such as understanding of the situation, adapting the new environments, help them to communicate to others even in hard situations. Disaster becomes with serious problems. These problems are even worse for autistic children. Unpredictable and instantaneousness of disaster affects autistic children more deeply. Therefore, autistic children need psychological helping after disasters, especially because of they generally ignored or they are more undetectable. If autistic children can get help after disasters, they would easier get over from their after disaster syndromes. This project will help psychologically to children with autism after disaster by prepare “Psychological First Aid and Helping Program for Autistic Children”.

To understand anti-social behavior by individuals, which includes violence, torture and terrorism, I endorse a greater reliance on situational variables and processes than has been traditional in psychology. The dominant dispositional orientation, embedded in a psychology of individualism, focuses on internal factors that people bring into various situations, such as genetic, personality, character, and pathological risk factors. While this perspective is obviously important to appreciating the integrity of individual functioning, it is vital to add an appreciation of the extent to which human actions may come under situational influences that can be quite powerful. Those influences have not been fully recognized within psychology or society in trying to explain unusual or "evil" behaviors, such as that of the abuses of Iraqi prisoners by United States military police guards at Abu Ghraib Prison. How one understands the root causes of such behaviors then impacts treatment and prevention strategies. This view has both influenced and been informed by a body of social psychological research and theory. The situationist approach is to the dispositional as public health models of disease are to medical models. It follows basic principles of Lewinian theory that propel situational determinants of behavior to a foreground well beyond being merely extenuating background circumstances. Unique to this situationist approach is using experimental laboratory and field research as demonstrations of real world phenomena that other approaches only analyze verbally or rely on archival or correlational data for answers.

[AMAZON LINK BELOW TO BOOK ITSELF
-- TOC and book summary in downloadable .pdf] 
According to the poet Elias Canetti, "All the things one has forgotten / scream for help in dreams." To the ancient Egyptians they were prophecies, and in world folklore they have often marked visitations from the dead. For Freud they were expressions of "wish fulfillment," and for Jung, symbolic representations of mythical archetypes. Although there is still much disagreement about the significance and function of dreams, they seem to serve as a barometer of current mind and body states.

In this volume, Deirdre Barrett brings together the study of dreams and the psychology of trauma. She has called on a distinguished group of psychiatrists, psychologists, and social workers--among them Rosalind Cartwright, Robert J. Lifton, and Oliver Sacks--to consider how trauma shapes dreaming and what the dreaming mind might reveal about trauma. The book focuses on catastrophic events, such as combat, political torture, natural disasters, and rape. The lasting effects of childhood trauma, such as sexual abuse or severe burns, on personality formation, the nature of memories of early trauma, and the development of defenses related to amnesia and dissociation are all considered. The book also takes up trauma and adult dreams, including Vietnam veterans and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Holocaust survivors and perpetrators, rape victims, and firestorm survivors. Finally, this volume concludes with a look at the potential "traumas of normal life," such as divorce, bereavement, and life-threatening illness, and the role of dreams in working through normal grief and loss.

Taken together, these diverse perspectives illuminate the universal and the particular effects of traumatic experience. For physicians and clinicians, determining the etiology of nightmares offers valuable diagnostic and therapeutic insights for individual treatment. This book provides a way of juxtaposing the research in the separate fields of trauma and dreams, and learning from their discoveries.

"Elinizdeki bu kitap, sosyal psikolojinin konularını en geniş kapsamıyla ele almakta, klasikleşmiş deneysel ve saha araştırmalarını en güncel bilimsel çalışmalarla harmanlamaktadır. Bu bakımdan, akademisyen ve öğrencilerin yararlanabileceği eşsiz bir kaynaktır. Kitapta, sosyal psikoloji konuları bölüm bölüm ele alınmıştır; ilgili kavram, terim, kuram ve araştırmalar aktarılırken her bölüm kendi içinde bir bütünlük arz edecek şekilde akıcı bir öyküsel kurguyla ve dille yazılmıştır ayrıca bu kitap; tarihsel olaylarla, edebî ve felsefi metaforlarla zenginleştirilmiştir.
Ayrıca bu kapsamlı çalışma, sadece bilimsel bir disiplinin temel konularını okuyucuya aktarmakla kalmamakta, aynı zamanda savaş, açlık, çevre gibi gerçek dünya sorunlarının sosyal psikolojik boyutlarıyla ilgili çözüm önerileri de getirmektedir. Bu bakımdan elinizdeki kitap yalnızca bir ders kitabı değil, aynı zamanda sosyal psikolojiye ilgi duyan herkesin merakla okuyabileceği bir kitaptır."

Il testo vuole incarnare una possibile mediazione tra universi culturali lontani ed essere una lettura propedeutica per chi intenda addentrarsi nella tematica, lasciando che la fede cristiana s’interroghi liberamente sul ‘gender’. Un approccio sereno e critico sia alla cultura laica di genere – della quale si esaminano i nodi principali – sia a quella cattolica, con l’intento di superare le reciproche diffidenze e cercare insieme una verità umanizzante per tutti. L’obiettivo è gettare delle basi condivisibili su cui costruire una sintesi teologica più ampia. Un testo che, nell’esaminare i nodi teoretici, volge lo sguardo alla recente campagna ‘anti-gender’, cercando di fornire le coordinate utili a svelenire il clima e muoversi al suo interno con padronanza di lessico e concettualità. In questo senso, l’opera vuole essere uno strumento per formatori, pastori e attivisti che vogliano introdursi nella complessità senza scorciatoie, per cogliere la ricchezza del ‘pensiero di genere’: nell’orizzonte della promozione di un benessere comunitario e individuale.

Erich Fromm è stato un intellettuale molto conosciuto dal pubblico tramite i suoi libri, ma praticamente ignorato dal mondo accademico. I suoi interessi e lo sviluppo del suo pensiero, dopo averlo allontanato dall’Istituto per le ricerche sociali di Francoforte, lo hanno costretto ad una posizione marginale nell’ambito del movimento psicoanalitico. Eclettico, incline a travalicare gli ambiti di competenza delle differenti scienze umane, egli ha coniugato diverse ispirazioni, a partire da quella facente capo alla spiritualità ebraica che, anche se rinnegata quale pratica di fede, rimase centrale nella sua visione dell’uomo. Si è confrontato approfonditamente con la psicoanalisi di Freud e con il pensiero di Marx. È stato soprattutto quest’ultimo, con la sua concezione dell’uomo che va formandosi nel concreto del suo farsi storico, a fornirgli la cornice entro la quale sviluppare la propria antropologia psicoanalitica, che mette al centro la persona e il significato che ella è in grado di conferire responsabilmente alla propria vita. L’insistenza con cui Fromm ribadisce che l’uomo è artefice del proprio destino e che “non vi è significato nella vita, all’infuori del significato che l’uomo conferisce alla sua vita”, non può che destare l’interesse delle scienze della formazione per questo autore, che fa dell’umanesimo il suo assunto irrinunciabile.
Il “dover essere” dell’uomo è, soprattutto, un dover essere se stesso. In particolare, secondo Fromm, l’uomo deve assumersi la responsabilità del modello di uomo che promuove, sia a livello personale – dove centrale appare il ruolo della scelta – sia a livello collettivo, con riferimento al quale egli si è impegnato moltissimo a delineare e a promuovere i tratti di una società umanistica.

Para  Winnicott (2009) lo que causa ese miedo al derrumbe es un hecho pasado escondido en el inconsciente, que se moviliza recurrentemente desafiando la organización defensiva del Yo y su integración, llegando a superar en algún momento las capacidades de este e impidiéndole abarcar esta experiencia dentro de los dominios o control de la omnipotencia personal en el presente. De esta forma, es esa sensación o posibilidad de que lo temido-pasado desborde en el presente las capacidades u organizaciones defensivas para soportarlo, contenerlo o anularlo. Dicho de otro modo, se teme revivir esa experiencia original de agonía primitiva, y la imposibilidad de hacerle frente.

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir uma aproximação da gamificação à prática terapêutica e aos processos psicológicos envolvidos nos procedimentos terapêuticos cognitivos comportamentais (TCC). Tal trabalho se justifica devido ao aumento da noção de gamificação na sociedade que

La presente rassegna esamina la relazione tra traumi infantili irrisolti, comportamento genitoriale atipico e insorgenza di legami di attaccamento di tipo disorganizzato. A tal fine, introduce sia le ragioni teoriche che spiegano tali relazioni sia i risultati delle ricerche empiriche sul tema. Relativamente al piano teorico, il contributo fornisce una descrizione sia degli stati della mente, che sono espressione di esperienze traumatiche irrisolte sia dei comportamenti genitoriali atipici, e chiarisce il ruolo eziologico di tali sistemi di caregiving nell'insorgenza dell'attaccamento di tipo disorganizzato. Relativamente al piano empirico, sintetizza una serie di studi recenti che validano empiricamente la relazione tra trauma, caregiving anomalo e attaccamento disorganizzato.

Esta obra nos presenta una mirada sobre el mundo adolescente que proviene de un especialista en esta etapa evolutiva. Ya escribió otro Quiéreme (Quiéreme cuando menos me lo merezca…porque es cuando más lo necesito) (2018), que pretendía ser su testamento adolescente, pero ha cambiado de opinión y algunas de esas razones las esgrime al comienzo de la obra: "no tenía pensado escribir un libro nuevo, pero tampoco quería escaquearme de los retos educa-tivos y dejar solas a esas personas adultas preocupadas por educar que algunos adolescentes tienen la suerte de tener a su lado… […]. Las páginas siguientes son, en gran medida, el resultado de no haber podido dejar de compartir angustias educativas con padres y profesores, de no haber podido dejar de estar al lado de adolescentes desconcertados que han de gestionar un mundo muy diferente al de sus adultos más cercanos" (pp. 23-25). El libro cuenta con una introducción que da fe de aquello que decía Paulo Freire, que a educar hemos de aprender juntos, que nadie educa a nadie, sino que nos coeducamos. Cuenta también con un capítulo muy original en el que lo que se pretende es presentar la adolescencia a los propios adolescentes. Son ellos mismos los que se encargan de explicar su idiosincrasia y algunos de sus rasgos diferenciales. La parte central aborda cinco cuestiones: tres interrogantes educativos universales (el mundo de la sexualidad o "cómo educar cuando, llegado el momento en que han de aprender el placer de amar y ser amados, el mundo que los rodea les propone otros comportamientos"; la utilización de las drogas o "cómo educar cuando la felicidad tiene nombre de alcohol, la maría pronto será legal y apare-cen nuevas formas de manipular nuestro mundo interior"; y la realidad digital, la vida entre pantallas, o "cómo educar para ser y saber en la sociedad actual" QUIÉREME... PERO NECESITO QUE ME CUENTES MÁS FUNES, J. (2020) Barcelona: Destino. 331 págs.

El título recoge una expresión que con frecuencia está en boca de quienes traba-an con adolescentes: padres/madres, educadores, tutores. Pero, ¿qué te pasa? Esta expresión se puede articular de muchas maneras. Según el modo de articulación indicará una cosa u otra. En el Prólogo su autora nos ofrece claves para entender la obra. Ella es psicóloga clínica que trabaja desde presupuestos psicoanalíticos. Desde esta perspectiva cuando un niño o un adolescente tiene algún síntoma, eso se interpreta como una bandera roja que indica que algo no está bien. Desde esta misma óptica, de lo que se trata, siempre según su autora, es de acercarse a la verdad, saber cuál es el problema, cuándo comenzó y cuál cree que es la causa el entorno del adolescente, desde la convicción de que muchos de los trastornos suelen ser multifactoriales, que hay situaciones que desbordan a padres e hijos (la terapia, en consecuencia, involucrará a ambas partes) y que la última finalidad que se tiene es la de querer crear un hogar feliz no aceptando que las cosas se tuerzan. El libro consta de una introducción, un epílogo sobre el impacto del Covid-19 en la sociedad y, concretamente, en el mundo adolescente y diez capítulos (las diez claves del título): la llegada de la adolescencia, cómo asumen los adolescentes los cambios, el adolescente en la familia monoparental o reconstituida, el uso de las redes sociales, las amistades y el círculo social, el rendimiento escolar, la sexualidad adolescente, el uso de alcohol y drogas en la adolescencia, y los tras-tornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA). La obra surge de la práctica clínica y a ella está orientada. No obstante, está elaborada en un lenguaje sencillo que nos hace accesible toda la información de estos temas tan específicos. Su autora es Lola Álvarez Romano, licenciada en Pedagogía por la Universidad de Barcelona y Máster en Estudios de Observación Psicoanalítica y formación doctoral de Psicoterapeuta de Niños y Adolescentes en la Clínica Tavistock, donde también ha trabajado como docente .

Resumo O presente artigo apresenta uma análise sobre a importância do estudo dos símbolos religiosos, enfatizando seu caráter histórico e antropológico. Para tanto, é feito um estudo com base em autores que investigaram esse tema, como Campbell, Frazer e Jung, que dedicaram grande parte de suas obras aos estudos dos símbolos religiosos nas mais diversas civilizações, chegando ao consenso de que os símbolos foram uma das primeiras formas de manifestação linguística e religiosa da humanidade. Ao final, aponta-se a necessidade de maiores investigações sobre o tema, de modo a indicar as ricas áreas científicas que tal estudo insere e com o objetivo de levar o leitor a perceber que a Psicologia pode abordar outras áreas, além da clínica e do entendimento das patologias psicológicas, ou seja, a Psicologia tem material necessário para o estudo e a investigação das religiões, das crenças e dos ritos que permeiam a humanidade desde tempos imemoriais. Abstract The current article represents, following a simple language, an analysis on the importance of the religious simbolism stressing its anthropologic and historical character. Therefore, a research based on previous authors who investigated this issue such as Campbell, Frazer and Jung. Men who dedicated great part of their work to the research and studying the religious symbols in their differences in civilizations, getting to the point that symbols were the first linguistic and religious occurrence of mankind. Then, a conclusion is done about the need for more investigations on the issue pointing out the diversity of scientific areas that insert this kind of study and also, the article should lead the reader to realize that psychology can address other areas, beyond the understanding of the clinical and psychological pathology, or psychology is required material for the study and research of religions, beliefs and rituals that permeate mankind since time immemorial.

У монографії висвітлюються теоретичні засади формування системи рефлексивного управління, яке розглядається в широкому діапазоні: від управління процесом саморозвитку (однієї людини) до смислової координації рефлексивних процесів, що відбуваються в групі та між групами. Основою розгляду поняття рефлексивного управління є розуміння рефлексивного процесу, який у традиції психології рефлексії може бути зіставленим як з дискурсом окремої людини, так і з дискурсом корпоративної структури, спільноти.
Описано практичний інструментарій формування, процес і результати його використання на прикладі конкретного випадку виконання проекту із психологічного забезпечення злиття бізнес-організацій.
Матеріал викладається в традиції рефлексивної дії, що забезпечує широкий простір для пізнавальної активності читача, який прагне до внутрішньої роботи з проникнення в задуми автора та його колег.
Монографія розрахована на психологів, методологів, фахівців у галузі розвитку, спеціалістів-практиків у сфері управління людськими ресурсами, розвитку, прийняття рішень. Може бути корисною студентам з психологічних, економічних спеціальностей.