Marine studies

In Hegel’s Lectures on the Philosophy of World-History, nations are divided into three geographical categories where the cultural self-consciousness is manifested: highlands, valleys, and coasts. Hegel argues that nations only manifest their freedoms in the limitlessness and boundlessness of the sea. In Jijinron, Uchimura Kanzo further argues that the people of mountains, plains and sea have very different cultural characteristics. Hegel’s observation is acknowledged by Watsuji Tetsuro, who argues that cultures manifest their self-consciousness in Fudo ( , climate and land), although Watsuji disagrees with Hegel’s arbitrary judgement that Asian only regarded the sea as the limit of their continental territory. Furthermore, in The Sea and Civilization: A Maritime History of the World, Lincoln Paine demonstrates that Asian maritime adventures have significantly influenced world history. Paine also remarks that “Maritime History” is not only about the sea but also rivers and canals linking the inland to the ocean.


Based upon the philosophical and historical studies mentioned above, this paper argues that Hong Kong manifests a special “Peninsula Self-Consciousness” in its Maritime and Continental Fudo: Hong Kong is linked by Pearl river to both the mainland and the sea, making Hong Kong a place linking China the Continental nation and other Maritime nations like Britain and the United States. The Chinese term for the peninsula is bandao, which literally means “half-island”—it is neither an island nor an inland, but an in-betweener.

The application and applicability of the humanities and social sciences are not always visible in the practical world. This is especially the case in technology-dependent areas like the marine and maritime sectors. In these sectors, control, prediction and recommendations that rely on technologies and their advancement are of the utmost importance. These sectors are, after all, those on which we rely for international trade, defence and security, sources of food and other energy requirements, like oil and gas. At first glance, it would appear that the sectors are devoid of the humanities and social sciences and that these have a minimal, if not marginal role to play. The humanities and social sciences consist of a number of subject fields like anthropology, economics, history, international relations, law, philosophy and sociology. These fields of enquiry are at times service providers to sectors when their services are needed. This relegates the fields to the cupboard of scientific investigation when long-term strategies are developed, which should not be the case. The humanities and social sciences should play a constant role in a human-dominated world. The maritime sector is, after all, human constructed. Trade routes, ports, harbours, warehouses, cranes, rail links and truck routes are not natural occurrences; neither are the technologies that constitute and sustain them. Because of the dominance of the human element, even in the marine environment, the humanities and social sciences can play a more fruitful role in creating opportunities and solving problems. What is more, it is not only the humanities and social sciences that are of importance, but also how humans view the world and react to it either through theoretical or concrete means. Here, paradigms and theories of various kinds from the humanities and social sciences also have their place.
This chapter explores these dimensions in more detail. It starts by presenting a framework, called PULSE3, for analysing the role of the humanities and social sciences in the two sectors. The paradigms of the presentations delivered at the Integrated Marine and Maritime Technologies Workshop in October 2013 are assessed. This chapter reviews the abstracts of the presentations made at the workshop. The review of the abstracts is not representative of the state of research and development in the entire sector. It is only a snapshot of it. However, it provides useful insights into current thinking and practice in the marine and maritime sectors. The purpose of this assessment is to determine the type of paradigm that was dominant. Two paradigms, rationalism and interpretivism, are identified through the assessment. Rationalism views the researcher and reality as separate, with only one reality present. Research is able to control and predict this reality. This means that an objective reality exists beyond the human mind. Interpretivism, however, notes that the researcher and reality are inseparable in that realities are mentally constructed. Multiple realities exist and, as such, knowledge of the world is intentionally constituted through researchers’ lived experiences. There is no objective meaning (Wendt, 1999; Weber, 2004; Guba and Lincoln, 2005; Lincoln et al., 2011). An overview of the ethos of analytic eclecticism is provided and how it can aid the marine and maritime sectors. After this, the role of the humanities and social sciences in the public and government policy domain is presented. This is followed by the setting of a number of beacons that the marine and maritime sectors could follow to expand the role of the humanities and social sciences. The repertoire of theories plays a central role in this, the penultimate section of the chapter.

Hayreddin Barbarossa is the biggest admiral of Turkish and Islamic history. Barbarossa' victory over the crusader navy has not been passed on to any other admiral.
As it is known, Hayreddin Barbarossa has written the war stories with the order of Suleiman the Magnificent. The name of this book is “Gazavat-ı Hayreddin.” This book contains objective information about religious, political and military conflicts with Spain and the Habsburg Empires. On the other hand, in this book there is information on the invitation of Hayreddin Barbarossa to Algeria, economic, social, cultural and religious status of Algeria at that time, and power struggles.
In this study, the role and importance of Algeria in the maritime strategy of Hayreddin Barbarossa will be evaluated in the context of the information given in the mentioned book.

An individual's "lifeworld" guides perceptions, the attachment of meaning and in sum, the interpretation of reality in everyday life. Yet the lifeworld (Ger. Lebenswelt) has been an undertheorized concept within interdisciplinary marine research. Through a two-stage analysis, we critically engage with the philosophical foundations, heuristic value and the methodological versatility that the interpretivist concept of the lifeworld stands to offer, drawing from contemporary marine scholarship. With two illustrative case studies exploring the lived realities of vastly different waterworlds in rural Uzbekistan and Sri Lanka, we further engage with the strengths and limitations of integrating a lifeworlds analysis into interdisciplinary work on localized perceptions. As a second step, we analyze the efficacy of adopting a phenomenological-lifeworlds approach in order to inductively explore diverse realities of coastal and sea-based peoples, while acknowledging the terrestrially-bound and anthropocentric genesis of the lifeworld as a concept. Therefore, in order to enliven hybrid thematic currents, conceptual debates and methodologies on "marine lifeworlds" on its own terms, we propose two thematic vantage points for interdisciplinary intervention by: (a) critically engaging with cognitive-material meanings and lived interpretations of "saltwater" realities; (b) tracing multiple modes of sociality and being with/in-the-world that go beyond human entanglements. In sum, we argue that while the lifeworlds concept affords spaces through which to study the complexities and ambivalences rife in surface-level perceptions, it promises the means with which to sidestep over-simplistic inferences to the vague and embattled notion of "culture," while widening horizons for reflective and experimental-experiential lines of inquiry.

Ekoteologi (teologi lingkungan) adalah ilmu yang membahas tentang inter-relasi antara pandangan teologis-filosofis yang terkandung dalam ajaran agama dengan alam, khususnya lingkungan. Dengan demikian, teologi dalam konteks ini tidak hanya menyangkut aspek ketuhanan semata, tetapi juga memiliki dimensi ekologis. Dalam perspektif teologis, krisis lingkungan yang saat ini terjadi tidak lepas dari cara pandang dan perilaku manusia yang secara sadar ataupun tidak telah mengubah ekosistem bumi menjadi terancam keseimbangannya. Penelitian ini hendak menggali pandangan teologi lingkungan Badiu'zzaman Said Nursi. Menurut Nursi, alam adalah tajallī, yakni manifestasi dari kekuasaan dan keindahan nama-nama Tuhan. Pada saat yang sama, alam adalah tanda dari keberadaan Tuhan yang paling jelas. Adapun manusia adalah khalifah sekaligus manifetasi-Nya.

This study focuses on women who decide to follow a professional career associated with the sea - ‘to go maritime’ - through reading for a degree in maritime or marine studies in Greece. Ten merchant marine academies and three universities currently offering specific degrees contribute to the professionalization of the maritime industry in Greece, yet the sociological profile of those enrolling as students in these institutions remains under-researched. The paper discusses the results of a survey that was conducted in marine academies and university maritime programmes in two subsequent academic years (2009-10 and 2010-11) aiming to reveal the aspirations and goals expressed by first year female students. More specifically, the paper elaborates on a student’s social and maritime related backgrounds; motivations; considerations and sources of information before enrolling on such programmes as well as revealing professional goals and aspirations after graduation. Particular emphasis is placed on important characteristics of the female population of this sample and the analysis of any gender differences observed.