Manual testing

Testing a Software is a crucial part of development life cycle. Every product needs to be tested for its functionality before release to users. Use of automation in such testing activity in the IT industry has led to a convincing improvement in terms of both quality and efficiency of product with decreased manual interruption. Automation framework which is a collection of tools and processes which helps to produce such adaptable automation solutions. This paper work gives a brief introduction on automation framework and its types. We also describe pros and cons related to each of the framework types.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Software testing can be an arduous and expensive activity. A typical activity to maximise testing productivity is to allocate test cases according to the testers' profile. However, optimising the allocation of manual test cases is not a trivial task: in big companies, test managers are responsible for allocating hundreds of test cases among several testers. OBJECTIVE: In this paper we propose and evaluate 2 assignment algorithms for test case allocation and 3 tester profiles based on recommender systems. Each assignment algorithm can be combined with 3 tester profiles, which results in six possible allocation systems. METHOD: We run a controlled experiment that uses 100 test suites, each one with at least 50 test cases, from a real industrial setting in order to compare our allocation systems to the manager's allocation in terms of precision, recall and unassignment (percentage of test cases the algorithm could not allocate). RESULTS: In our experiment, the statistical analysis shows that one of the systems outperforms the others with respect to the precision and recall metrics. For unassignment, three of our six allocation systems achieved zero (best value) for the unassignment rate. CONCLUSION: The results of our experiment suggest that, in similar environments, test managers can use our allocation systems to reduce the amount of time spent in the test case allocation task. In the real industrial setting in which our work was developed, managers spend from 16 to 30 working days a year on test case allocation. Our algorithms can help them do it faster and better.

Manual regression testing can be a time-intensive and costly activity. Required efforts can be reduced by selecting only the tests for re-testing that verify actually modified system parts. However, if testers are not familiar with the system implementation the selection of relevant test cases may become difficult. In this paper we report on our experiences with the development of a tool-based approach supporting the selection of manual regression tests. The presented approach is developed together with the software testing department of an international company. Test cases are selected by analyzing different kinds of information resources, i.e., code coverage information and data provided by versioning systems. Experience shows that code coverage information can assist in selecting candidate test cases for regression testing. However, we also encountered some principal challenges in implementing test case selection in practice: Relying solely on code coverage often leads to a large set of test cases, available versioning systems lack the necessary details to map code changes to relevant structural elements, and collecting and keeping coverage data for manual regressing testing up-to-date involves additional costs and effort.

There is no enough sound and solid scientific researches expounding the benefits of using automated scripts over manual testing (Samuel R. , 2014). The ones available out there are virtuously promotional trailers made for marketing drive (Udin, 2014). This dissertation is made to fill up this gap. To this end, a comparative analysis of the test results achieved from both automated and manual testing have been piloted. Complementary research inputs such as data collected thru questionnaire, interview and group discussion have also been analyzed and synthesized to back up the outcome. Unified Functional Tester (UFT) is used to build test artifacts and execute automated scripts. The conclusion exhibits that using computerized scripts might offer considerable returns in terms of acquiring enhanced efficiency and enriched accuracy over manually testing, provided that the test is labor intensive, time taking and reoccurring.

Software validation is an important activity in order test whether the correct software has been developed. Several testing techniques have been developed, and one of these is model based testing (MBT). The main purpose of Model based testing is to test a software product from a user's point of view. Hence, usage models are designed and then test cases are developed from the models. The development of test cases from the usage model can be made automatically by using a tool. In order to increase the efficiency of the test phase, software tools are important. This paper presents a tool for model based testing called MaTeLo. The tool is developed in a joint European project with six industrial partners and two university partners. As the major outcome of a European project, MaTeLo is a test tool based on the Markov Chain model. This project is used to investigate specification languages for various industries, specifications simulation methods and associated tools. MaTeLo provides an automatic generator which generates test cases based on a Markov Chain usage model and statistical testing methods. MaTeLo supports test execution in heterogeneous environments. In addition, it also provides users with test results analysis and quality reports generation. The tool use model-based metrics to accurately evaluate software reliability and performance throughout the development process. This project integrates the testing tools in real development environments for industrial validation.

Abstract The requirement for an automated test system has immensely increased due to the realization that manual testing is associated with additional resources and staffing constraints. In order to achieve a competitive edge, reduced development cost, timely ...

Software testing provides a medium to reduce the errors and overall cost of the system. Various software testing techniques, methods and tool are available to enhance software quality. This paper provides a short study material on software testing, objectives, principles of software testing. Further It also answer the question raised by people about what are the basic skills are required for software testers that is who wants to make their career in testing. Also deals with the basic things that are kept in mind while doing planning, making test cases. This paper also deals with how to write good test cases this is one of the important factors in testing.