Lime Kiln

Dissolved lignocelluloses from the pre-hydrolysis liquor (PHL) of kraft-based dissolving pulp production process were recovered by adsorption to lime mud produced in the causticizing plant of the kraft process. The adsorption of lignocelluloses was a fast process, and could be completed within one hour. The addition of polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC) significantly increased the amounts of adsorbed lignin and hemicelluloses, which more than doubled at the PDADMAC dosage of 0.1% (based on the weight of PHL). The measured heating values of the adsorbed lignocelluloses indicate that adsorption of lignocelluloses to lime mud may result in the energy saving of the lime kiln. The process proposed in this study could also be adapted to decrease inhibitor concentrations (lignin and acetic acid) if the dissolved hemicelluloses in the PHL were used to produce value-added products, e.g., ethanol, xylitol, based on the fermentation process.

Carbon capture is often discussed in the literature with the sole focus on power processes, despite the fact that carbon dioxide emissions from other sources are just as relevant for the impact on the atmosphere. Furthermore, some carbon capture methods are relatively inefficient when applied to power production processes. Carbon capture should preferably be performed where the cost is as low as possible, i.e. not necessarily from power production processes. As an example, carbon capture using combustion with pure oxygen is far more energy efficient if it is used together with lime kilns or cement kilns than together with power production processes. A new concept termed ''oxygen efficiency'' is introduced in this paper. It describes the amount of carbon dioxide that can potentially be captured per unit of oxygen. As such, the oxygen efficiency quantifies the value of a certain unit of oxygen for carbon capture reasons. The base concept is that the energy penalty for the production of one part of oxygen is the same no matter where it is produced; hence, if this unit of oxygen can be used to capture more carbon dioxide, it is more efficient. Typically, the oxygen efficiency would be five times greater for carbon capture when utilising pure oxygen together with cement kilns rather than together with methane-fired power plants. Furthermore, the concept of oxygen efficiency illustrates the importance of considering how carbon capture methods can be utilised in the most efficient way, in addition to evaluating which carbon capture method is the most suitable for a particular technology.

This paper presents the results of an archaeomagnetic study carried out on a lime burning kiln at the henequen hacienda of San Pedro Cholul, Yucatan, Mexico. The purpose of the study is to establish a reliable chronology and to estimate the possible social, economic, and environmental implications of this settlement, which may have existed from the middles of the nineteenth century until the 1960's. Archaeomagnetic dating was carried out on samples obtained from rocks and bricks from the kiln and give an age between 1835 and 1896. This date range agrees with available historical information and is interpreted as the most important production period of the region.

"Autovía del Pirineo, sections 4th and 5th. The protección of the Archeological Heritage
This article presents the results of the archeological monitoring of sections 4th and 5th of the Autovía del Pirineo highway, located in the municipalities of Lumbier, Liédena and Yesa.
As a result of these control works some unknown archeological sites were found that during the years 2010th and 2011th have been digged out and documented. Particulary, there were found two ethnographic elements, one lime kiln and one tile-work and two Recent Prehistory archeological sites, one settlement dated between the Calcolithic and the Advanced Bronze age and one hole from the Initial Neolithic."

This article discusses a unique masonry lime-kiln identified in 2014 at Butrint (Buthrotum), an ancient seaport situated between Greece and Italy that occupied a small headland on the Ionian Sea in southern Albania, in the region of ancient Epirus (Epeiros). The Butrint headland was settled as early as the second half of the 7th century BC and was occupied almost continuously until the Republic of Venice abandoned the acropolis and its colonial settlement on the headland in 1537. Excavations undertaken at the site of the Roman forum since 2004, under the sponsorship of the Butrint Foundation and the Roman Forum Excavations Project, have recovered material culture associated with the major urban phases of Butrint over this long period. Amidst the ruins of the old forum, the lime-kiln was built during a key phase in the city’s history, in the 10th-11th century, marking the death of classical Butrint and its resurrection as a ‘God-guarded city’ of the Byzantine Empire.

Various postulates concerning the origin and purpose of the corbelled structures in the vicinity of the Assegaaibos River on the farms Farmerfield, Glenfield and Springfield, Eastern Cape Province (pre- viously Albany District) have been formulated since their discovery in 1962. For the largest of these structures on the farm Glenfield, each of these interpretations is elaborated upon, the traditions of each case investigated and the merits and demerits of each postulate presented.

This paper presents the findings of a survey into lime kilns in the area of Asvestochori, which is sited close to the ancient town of Thessaloniki in Northern Greece. After setting out the historical data relating to the area and the settlement, the evolution of the production of lime in the area is outlined. The paper also summarizes the recording of lime kilns with historical and technological significance on a map, includes an assessment of the natural, historical and technological values incorporated to the site, and finally presents the perspectives of the area.