La Ventilla

The research presented here confronts the issue of ritual variation and its role in structuring the social dynamics of ancient Teotihuacan, a state that dominated central Mexico during the first half-millennium A.D. Most of Teotihuacan's urban population lived in apartment compounds located across the city, but the nature of these co-residing groups is not well understood. Even less is known about how subordinate settlements beyond the city limits were organized and to what degree they identified socially with urban Teotihuacan. Because ritual practices are salient in the negotiation of social identities related to gender, age, ethnicity, social status, and religious affiliation, they are an important focus of archaeological research.

RESUMEN Este artículo nació con un deseo, y es hablar de arquitectura de la antigua ciudad de Teotihuacan (México), sin que se omita la labor de los gremios de albañiles que la hicieron posible y cuyas actividades no han figurado dentro de las preocupaciones académicas de los especialistas de esta metrópoli precolombina. Por ello, en el marco de las exploraciones arqueológicas realizadas dentro del barrio teotihuacano de La Ventilla y particularmente del hallazgo de enigmáticos patrones de fosas sobre sus suelos, es que realizamos ejercicios de arqueología experimental con el fin de aproximarnos a algunas operaciones, técnicas y soluciones ingenieriles que cotidianamente realizaban estos albañiles como parte de su subsistencia básica., Un intento por dimensionar la relevancia técnica e importancia social de estos gremios en el universo de la arquitectura antigua. ABSTRACT This article was born with a desire, and talk about architecture of the ancient city of Teotihuacan (Mexico), without the guilds of stonemasons who made it possible and whose activities have not figured within the academic concerns of specialists and this pre-Columbian metropolis. Therefore, as part of archaeological explorations in the Teotihuacan neighborhood of La Ventilla and particularly the discovery of enigmatic patterns of pits on their floors, is that we do exercises of experimental archeology in order to approach some operations, techniques and engineering solutions that routinely performing these builders as part of their basic subsistence., an attempt to scale their technical relevance and social importance of these associations in the universe of ancient architecture.

Esta semana en Raíces recibimos a Jaime Delgado Rubio quien, además de sus actividades de difusión con el proyecto Arqueólogos en apuros, ha colaborado en diferentes proyectos de investigación en el Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, en particular en la zona arqueológica de Teotihuacan. Ha sido particularmente involucrado en el Proyecto La Ventilla que dirige el Dr. Ruben Cabrera Castro desde los años 1980. Este barrio está ubicado en periferia de la zona nuclear de Teotihuacan. Es esta experiencia en La Ventilla que queremos compartir al emitir esta entrevista: ¿Cuáles dinámicas sociales y económicas pudieron haber estado en vigor en La Ventilla? ¿En qué medida eran diferentes de otros barrios?

RESUMEN Este artículo nació con un deseo, y es hablar de arquitectura de la antigua ciudad de Teotihuacan (México), sin que se omita la labor de los gremios de albañiles que la hicieron posible y cuyas actividades no han figurado dentro de las preocupaciones académicas de los especialistas de esta metrópoli precolombina. Por ello, en el marco de las exploraciones arqueológicas realizadas dentro del barrio teotihuacano de La Ventilla y particularmente del hallazgo de enigmáticos patrones de fosas sobre sus suelos, es que realizamos ejercicios de arqueología experimental con el fin de aproximarnos a algunas operaciones, técnicas y soluciones ingenieriles que cotidianamente realizaban estos albañiles como parte de su subsistencia básica., Un intento por dimensionar la relevancia técnica e importancia social de estos gremios en el universo de la arquitectura antigua. ABSTRACT This article was born with a desire, and talk about architecture of the ancient city of Teotihuacan (Mexico), wi...

The ALICE experiment has measured the inclusive J/ψ production in Pb-Pb collisions at √ s NN = 2.76 TeV down to zero transverse momentum in the rapidity range 2.5 < y < 4. A suppression of the inclusive J/ψ yield in Pb-Pb is observed with respect to the one measured in pp collisions scaled by the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions. The nuclear modification factor, integrated over the 0%-80% most central collisions, is 0.545 ± 0.032(stat.) ± 0.083(syst.) and does not exhibit a significant dependence on the collision centrality. These features appear significantly different from measurements at lower collision energies. Models including J/ψ production from charm quarks in a deconfined partonic phase can describe our data. * See Appendix A for the list of collaboration members J/ψ suppression at forward rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at √ s NN = 2.76 TeV 1

The ALICE experiment has measured the inclusive J/ψ production in Pb-Pb collisions at √ s NN = 2.76 TeV down to zero transverse momentum in the rapidity range 2.5 < y < 4. A suppression of the inclusive J/ψ yield in Pb-Pb is observed with respect to the one measured in pp collisions scaled by the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions. The nuclear modification factor, integrated over the 0%-80% most central collisions, is 0.545 ± 0.032(stat.) ± 0.083(syst.) and does not exhibit a significant dependence on the collision centrality. These features appear significantly different from measurements at lower collision energies. Models including J/ψ production from charm quarks in a deconfined partonic phase can describe our data.

The ALICE experiment has measured the inclusive J/ψ production in Pb-Pb collisions at √ s NN = 2.76 TeV down to zero transverse momentum in the rapidity range 2.5 < y < 4. A suppression of the inclusive J/ψ yield in Pb-Pb is observed with respect to the one measured in pp collisions scaled by the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions. The nuclear modification factor, integrated over the 0%-80% most central collisions, is 0.545 ± 0.032(stat.) ± 0.083(syst.) and does not exhibit a significant dependence on the collision centrality. These features appear significantly different from measurements at lower collision energies. Models including J/ψ production from charm quarks in a deconfined partonic phase can describe our data. * See Appendix A for the list of collaboration members J/ψ suppression at forward rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at √ s NN = 2.76 TeV ALICE Collaboration Ultra-relativistic collisions of heavy nuclei aim at producing nuclear matter at high temperature and pressure. Under such conditions Quantum Chromodynamics predicts the existence of a deconfined state of partonic matter, the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). Among the possible probes of the QGP, heavy quarks are of particular interest since they are expected to be produced in the primary partonic scatterings and to coexist with the surrounding medium. Therefore, the measurement of quarkonium states and hadrons with open heavy flavor is expected to provide essential information on the properties of the stronglyinteracting system formed in the early stages of heavy-ion collisions [1]. In particular, according to the color-screening model [2], measuring the in-medium dissociation probability of the different quarkonium states is expected to provide an estimate of the initial temperature of the system. In the past two decades, J/ψ production in heavy-ion collisions was intensively studied at the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) and at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), from approximately 20 to 200 GeV center of mass energy per nucleon pair (√ s NN). At the SPS, a strong J/ψ suppression was found in the most central Pb-Pb collisions [3]. The observed suppression is larger than the one expected from Cold Nuclear Matter (CNM) effects, which include nuclear absorption and (anti-) shadowing. The dissociation of excited cc states like χ c and ψ(2S), which in pp collisions constitute about 40% of the inclusive J/ψ yield [1], is one possible interpretation of the observed suppression. A J/ψ suppression was also observed at RHIC, in central Au-Au collisions [4, 5], at a level similar to the one observed at the SPS when measured at midrapidity although it is larger at forward rapidity. Several models [6, 7, 8, 9] attempt to reproduce the RHIC data by adding to the direct J/ψ production a regeneration component from deconfined charm quarks in the medium, which counteracts the J/ψ dissociation in a QGP. A quantitative description of these finalstate effects is however difficult at the present time because of the lack of precision in the CNM effects and in the open charm cross section determination. The measurement of charmonium production is especially promising at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) where the high-energy density of the medium and the large number of cc pairs produced in central Pb-Pb collisions should help to disentangle between the different suppression and regeneration scenarios. At the LHC, a suppression of inclusive J/ψ with high transverse momentum was observed in central Pb-Pb collisions at √ s NN = 2.76 TeV with respect to peripheral collisions or pp collisions at the same energy by ATLAS [10] and CMS [11], respectively. In this Letter, we report ALICE results on inclusive J/ψ production in Pb-Pb collisions at √ s NN = 2.76 TeV at forward rapidity, measured via the µ + µ − decay channel. Our measurement encloses the low transverse momentum region that is not accessible to other LHC experiments and thus complements their observations. The J/ψ corrected yield in Pb-Pb collisions is combined with the one measured in pp collisions at the same center-of-mass energy [12] to form the J/ψ nuclear modification factor R AA. The results are presented as a function of collision centrality and rapidity (y), and in intervals of transverse momentum (p t). The ALICE detector is described in [13]. At forward rapidity (2.5 < y < 4) the production of quarkonium states is measured in the muon spectrometer 1 down to p t = 0. The spectrometer consists of a ten interaction length thick absorber filtering the muons in front of five tracking stations comprising two planes of cathode pad chambers each, with the third station inside a dipole magnet with a 3 Tm field integral. The tracking apparatus is completed by a triggering system made of four planes of resistive plate chambers downstream of a 1.2 m thick iron wall, which absorbs secondary hadrons escaping from the front absorber and low momentum muons coming mainly from π and K decays. In addition, the silicon pixel detector (SPD) and scintillator arrays (VZERO) were used in this analysis. The VZERO counters, two arrays of 32 scintillator tiles each, cover 2.8 ≤ η ≤ 5.1 (VZERO-A) and −3.7 ≤ η ≤ −1.7 (VZERO-C). The SPD consists of two cylindrical layers covering |η| ≤ 2.0 and |η| ≤ 1.4 for the inner and outer layers, respectively. All these detectors have full azimuthal coverage. The minimum bias (MB) trigger requirement used for this analysis consists of a logical AND of the three following conditions: (i) a signal in two readout chips in the outer layer of the SPD, (ii) a signal in VZERO-A, (iii) a signal in VZERO-The ALICE collaboration would like to thank all its engineers and technicians for their invaluable contributions to the construction of the experiment and the CERN accelerator teams for the outstanding performance of the LHC complex. The ALICE collaboration acknowledges the following funding agencies for their support in building and running the ALICE detector: