Knowledge Based Development

Public space influence on knowledge sharing acquisition has become an interesting issue among knowledge management, urban landscaper, and knowledge based development researchers. Thus, this study aim to investigate the contributing influences of the degree of public space usages on tacit knowledge sharing. Cyberjaya Malaysia was considered as the study area having been adjudged as a high technology park that foothold in knowledge sharing for its knowledge based development. A total of 384 survey questionnaires were administered by the residents of the study area in various public spaces within the city to collate the respondent’s perception on their degree of public space utilization in relation to tacit knowledge sharing behaviour. Validated variables were adapted to measure knowledge sharing while the frequencies of public space utilization were measure with the user’s degree of visits to public spaces. Data collated were analysed with statistical packages for social science “SPSS...

This conceptual paper discusses at several descriptive features of the KBD field before an account of alternative perspectives on the theoretical and methodological identity is summarised. On these bases, an exercise in characterising KBD in a distinct way from current uses that might render it redundant or irrelevant is carried out. Under this perspective, KBD most significant challenge and opportunity are to contribute to engender and shape a new culture based on knowledge-intensive economics and politics. The core issue is the characterisation of 'knowledge-based' and what it might imply for the upgrade of human experience and coexistence. These views are a recollection of the author's involvement in the field and constitute a review of the literature with an emphasis on the broader social, economic and cultural issues. Such views are not to be regarded as an editorial statement, but rather as an input that might contribute to better understand the distinctive nature of KBD and maybe also to promote its relevance to science and society at large.

This paper describes a framework that brings together two compelling and recent paradigmsknowledge-based management and sustainable developmentinto a perspective for developing low-income communities. It proposes the Knowledge for Poverty Alleviation (KPA) framework that can be used in the participatory design and evaluation of anti-poverty projects at the community level to increase chances of project success and sustainability. KPA emphasizes the importance of recognizing a community's intangible assets, and proposes a set of actions to use internal and external assets to sustainably protect and build local tangible and intangible assets. Sustainability is pursued along the three domains of sustainable development: social empowerment, environmental protection, and economic sustainability. Initial applications of the KPA framework in the analysis of the most successful from among nearly one thousand poverty alleviation projects in the Philippines provide initial evidence of its explanatory and diagnostic usefulness. Some directions are indicated for development of program and project management toolkits to deliver better results.

The smart and sustainable cities concept has become a globally hot topic during the last few decades, particularly following the catastrophic impacts of global climate change. The assessment of smart and sustainable cities, however, is a major challenge due to complex, complicated, and chaotic nature of our cities. This makes the available monitoring and evaluation tools difficult to adopt and apply in different urban contexts to support urban planning and governance and foster evidence-based policymaking. In order to address this issue, the paper brings together knowledge-based development concept with smart and sustainable cities. Knowledge-based development is a vision of development that considers knowledge as the central structuring element of a development strategy. Similarly, its more territory focused version, knowledge-based urban development is an integrated approach for the transition of cities and regions into sustainable, liveable and prosperous localities. The methodological approach of the paper includes the review of the literature on existing approaches on smart and sustainable cities assessment, describing their main aspects, strengths and limitations, and discuss the potential contribution of a knowledge-based urban development strategy for the successful promotion of smart and sustainable cities, presented in a proposed conceptual framework.

The article illustrates the empirical experiences of some Italian companies which started to integrate social and intangible issues in their voluntary corporate communication report. The main aims of this paper are two-fold. Firstly, using a small sample of companies disclosing their intangibles in a single document, the article describes some general trends in the direction of integrating corporate communication reports. Secondly, using an integrated approach in examining the effects of the investigated case studies on the Italian context, the article provides evidence of how the experiences of companies following a strong integration between CSR and IC report can contribute to model the development of a territory, that of Italy, which is characterised by a low national intellectual capital value, and it is in this that the main originality of the paper lies. The general findings go in the same direction: integrating intangibles' disclosure is a single document offers advantages for companies and for the context within which companies operate. The main limit of the research lies in the small sample of companies examined. However, the study can provide an impulse for further research on larger samples.

A premise of new public management (NPM) is that productivity in public services is lower than the private sector, justifying the transfer of tools and techniques born in private sector manufacturing. Our focus is on public service effectiveness i.e. performance, while recognising that efficiency is always important. We believe attention to effectiveness will grow since new public governances (NPG; Osborne et al., 2010, 2015) including the service management perspective (Normann, 2002) are likely to result in new performance metrics including innovative ways of cross-departmental and inter-organisational working to deliver integrated services. The purpose of this conceptual paper is to suggest a new performance framework for evaluating local public service productivity and performance: efficiency and effectiveness. We follow Carrillo and Batra (2012) in rejecting the reduction of performance simply to financial metrics. Our contribution is to suggest ways in which public value as a metric of performance can be measured by socially (and contextually) migrating public values into performance value.

This study investigates how place management is used to render a creative city through the combination of soft factors as intangible characteristics and hard factors as tangible characteristics of the built environment. The study focuses on Izmir, Turkey; exploring its potential as an emerging creative city. The methodology is a descriptive analysis of recent urban design and planning activities of creative cities, reviews projects and strategies in Izmir. Findings provide a framework for place management tools and their strategic use for integration of art, design, creativity and knowledge in creative cities. Place management is used as a tool for image building and identity enhancement, and for quality of place to attract creative and knowledge workers. In the case of Izmir, hard factors triggered the formation process whereas soft factors have taken strengthen the initiative. However, both of them are yet not strong enough to creative public awareness and critical mass.

As owner of a small and medium sized company in Austria Katharina Fellnhofer is engaged in a European Union's Horizon 2020 project entitled ONLINE-S3. Additionally, as Erwin Schrödinger Fellow she works in the field of Entrepreneurship Education as a Research Visitor at the Lappeenranta University of Technology. She holds a Ph.D. in economic sciences from the

The creative class thesis of economic development has been influential in analyzing the mobility of human capital. The thesis has also had a major influence on the orientation of policies in North American cities regarding urban development aspects. Our aim is not to test this thesis of economic development as a whole but rather to use its quality of place criteria to evaluate how students enrolled in science and technology university programs decide where to live upon graduation. Using quantitative and qualitative material, this paper examines the influence of criteria related to quality of place and also to career opportunities concerning the mobility of students in science and technology who will soon be part of the professional category of the knowledge workers. Our hypothesis is that knowledge workers would be much more attracted by urban environments having more potential in terms of creativity, corresponding to the criterion emphasised in the creative class thesis. However, our results suggest that the quality of place is not as important as career opportunities. This does not lead us to refute the relevance of the creative class thesis but to nuance the relevance of various factors of location. It appears that the two cities in our study achieve different results on only one major point: the quality of life of Ottawa is a more powerful criterion of attraction/retention than in Montreal.

Developing creative and knowledge-intensive economic activities is an objective for many well-established cities and urban regions. We aim to enhance the understanding of that process by focusing on the institutional and local/regional contexts in which the activities take place. We offer a 'thick description' showing the role played by deep structural and contemporary contexts in the growth of these activities. The regions of Madrid and Amsterdam have been selected to illustrate our ideas and method. They appear equally well-established, are well-embedded in the global economy and are both strong economic centres. However, they are also well-positioned to demonstrate that specific contexts have influenced their development. In particular, Madrid's political and economic ruptures seem decisive in its development, while in Amsterdam it is self-reinforcing paths that appear crucial. We suggest developing tailored context-sensitive urban policies. These will be effective, but will also reduce the risk of losing local characteristics that may offer a unique competitive advantage.

The smart and sustainable cities concept has become a globally hot topic during the last few decades, particularly following the catastrophic impacts of global climate change. The assessment of smart and sustainable cities, however, is a major challenge due to complex, complicated, and chaotic nature of our cities. This makes the available monitoring and evaluation tools difficult to adopt and apply in different urban contexts to support urban planning and governance and foster evidence-based policymaking. In order to address this issue, the paper brings together knowledge-based development concept with smart and sustainable cities. Knowledge-based development is a vision of development that considers knowledge as the central structuring element of a development strategy. Similarly, its more territory focused version, knowledge-based urban development is an integrated approach for the transition of cities and regions into sustainable, liveable and prosperous localities. The methodological approach of the paper includes the review of the literature on existing approaches on smart and sustainable cities assessment, describing their main aspects, strengths and limitations, and discuss the potential contribution of a knowledge-based urban development strategy for the successful promotion of smart and sustainable cities, presented in a proposed conceptual framework.

The recent developments in the theory of organisations and theory of knowledge suggest that more holistic and dynamic approaches are timely. More specifically, this paper critically reflects on the existing approaches on knowledge-intensity in organisations and investigates the organisational and methodological foundations on which the current state of related knowledge is established. It also envisages possible implications on concepts such as intellectual capital and knowledge-based economies. Subsequently, this paper discusses the existing approaches to knowledge-intensive organisations and intellectual capital in relation to both the current techno-economic paradigm and the dominant methodological stance adopted in the literature to date. This paper offers a critical perspective on knowledge-intensive organisations questioning the organisational and philosophical foundations on which the current state of knowledge pertaining to this field is established.

Abstraet This paper presents an intervention model for local policy makers to link Science, Technology and Jndustry in lagging regions. By integrating several analytical tools from social network analysis, complexity approach and benchmarking, a multilevel complex network is suggested. The key inflection points can be displayed easily, facilitating decision-making related with this problem.

Business clusters are often intended to provide the environment needed to stimulate the financial growth of corporate inhabitants. However, many fail, prompting scholars to strive to identify the relevant success factors. In this paper, we identify factors promoting the growth of high-technology firms using a longitudinal dataset for both on-and off-cluster firms in Mjärdevi Science Park (MSP) at Linköping, Sweden. A panel data approach was used to investigate factors influencing the growth of on-cluster firms using off-cluster firms as a control group. Size and age influence turnover, as does the ability to innovate, but whereas size and age have a quadratic (nonlinear) impact on financial growth, innovation capabilities have a positive linear impact. Employment is mainly correlated to age, previous years' innovation and shareholder investment. Innovation output, (the ratio of patents asset value to turnover) is correlated to networking measured as social expenditure, which in turn exhibits a positive influence on innovation capabilities.

Page 1. Int. J. Knowledge-Based Development, Vol. 1, Nos. 1/2, 2010 79 Copyright © 2010 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. The role of organisational capacity and knowledge-based development: the reinvention of Eindhoven Ana María Fernández-Maldonado* ...

This paper describes a project, funded by the European Union, which is focused on research and development of wearable computing in seven different work environments. One scenario that was chosen for a more detailed description was the production scenario, in which blue collar workers were empowered by advanced technology proved to be a good example for the potential of knowledge-based development even on the production floor. Another aspect that is highlighted here is the fact that this large project was conducted with a full engagement of the end-users -a methodology named: 'user centred design' (UCD) or a 'living laboratory'. Another important aspect for knowledge-based development is the notion that change can happen only if all stakeholders are involved.

This conceptual paper examines the issue of integrating CSR at the start-up level with the aim of increasing the firm's ability to identify new opportunities. Both a constraint and an occasion to strengthen the company's legitimacy and competitive advantage, CSR principles and practices are a key vehicle for opportunity identification and implementation. Historically, SMEs have contributed significantly to the improvement of existing products and services, and the creation of new ones. Grounding CSR in the strategy of enterprises at the start-up level is increasingly examined as an effective management tool with multiple benefits for opportunity identification. CSR may be promoted as a means of nurturing creativity and innovation at the start-up level and beyond, through pushing entrepreneurs to imagine new business models, to discover new raw materials, as well as to create new products and services so as to respond to both economic and social expectations.

346 Int. J. Knowledge-Based Development, Vol. 1, No. 4, 2010 ... WearIT@work: a wearable computing solution for knowledge-based development ... Edna Pasher*, Zvika Popper and Hadas Raz ... 35 Rofe Hamachtarot St., Tel Aviv 69372, Israel Fax: 972-3-716492 E-mail: Info@ ...

Developing creative and knowledge-intensive economic activities is an objective for many well-established cities and urban regions. We aim to enhance the understanding of that process by focusing on the institutional and local/regional contexts in which the activities take place. We offer a 'thick description' showing the role played by deep structural and contemporary contexts in the growth of these activities. The regions of Madrid and Amsterdam have been selected to illustrate our ideas and method. They appear equally well-established, are well-embedded in the global economy and are both strong economic centres. However, they are also well-positioned to demonstrate that specific contexts have influenced their development. In particular, Madrid's political and economic ruptures seem decisive in its development, while in Amsterdam it is self-reinforcing paths that appear crucial. We suggest developing tailored context-sensitive urban policies. These will be effective, but will also reduce the risk of losing local characteristics that may offer a unique competitive advantage.

Knowledge has become the main driver of economic growth. This is true both at the level of the macro-economy, where emerging countries make efforts to capture knowledge from more advanced countries and at the level of the firm, as companies make efforts to acquire complementary knowledge from other firms. The specific types of knowledge associated with performance differ from one industry to another, and on company maturity. A number of studies demonstrated that biotechnology performance and the geographical concentration of US firms are related to the recruitment of star researchers. This paper confirms these results for Canadian companies and goes further in accounting for the specific roles played by these highly productive university researchers and their impact on the performance of biotechnology enterprises. This discovery points to a new stage in the birth of biotechnology companies, and is associated with the selection of venture capitalists and major pharmaceutical companies who finance these specialised biotechnology firms.

Environmental responsibility is evolving into a crucial aspect of strategic management as regulations are expected to tighten significantly in the near future following the need to mitigate the effects of climate change. Many businesses react to this challenge by implementing environmental reporting and management systems. However, often the environmental programme is not properly integrated in the overall business strategy and the management does not have timely access to appropriate environmental information. Moreover, within collaborative networks (CNs) the environmental management (EM) effort should be coordinated amid partners to achieve a much needed synergy and also enable prompt deployment of the required EM artefacts within the virtual organisations (VOs) created. This paper attempts to show a possible way to integrate environmental management (EM) into the VOs set up by the CN participants by using an Enterprise Architecture (EA) life cycle-based approach.

This paper examines the role that the management of green knowledge and the use of environmental intellectual capital play in the implementation process of green supply chain management (GSCM) practices in Greek manufacturing companies. Greece is one of the economies with low perceptions of environmental friendliness within the business community. One of the crucial criteria for a company to commit itself seriously to green supply chain management practices is the question of how such an approach affects performance and how much added value can be created through such commitment. Based on a literature review the data for this research were collected through multiple in-depth case studies. The results illustrate that while good management of green knowledge can lead to added value, the definition and implementation of relevant measure items and targets seem indispensable for the improvement of green knowledge quality and as an important driver for implementation of GSCM practices.

The creative class thesis of economic development has been influential in analyzing the mobility of human capital. The thesis has also had a major influence on the orientation of policies in North American cities regarding urban development aspects. Our aim is not to test this thesis of economic development as a whole but rather to use its quality of place criteria to evaluate how students enrolled in science and technology university programs decide where to live upon graduation. Using quantitative and qualitative material, this paper examines the influence of criteria related to quality of place and also to career opportunities concerning the mobility of students in science and technology who will soon be part of the professional category of the knowledge workers. Our hypothesis is that knowledge workers would be much more attracted by urban environments having more potential in terms of creativity, corresponding to the criterion emphasised in the creative class thesis. However, our results suggest that the quality of place is not as important as career opportunities. This does not lead us to refute the relevance of the creative class thesis but to nuance the relevance of various factors of location. It appears that the two cities in our study achieve different results on only one major point: the quality of life of Ottawa is a more powerful criterion of attraction/retention than in Montreal.

The creative class thesis of economic development has been influential in analyzing the mobility of human capital. The thesis has also had a major influence on the orientation of policies in North American cities regarding urban development aspects. Our aim is not to test this thesis of economic development as a whole but rather to use its quality of place criteria to evaluate how students enrolled in science and technology university programs decide where to live upon graduation. Using quantitative and qualitative material, this paper examines the influence of criteria related to quality of place and also to career opportunities concerning the mobility of students in science and technology who will soon be part of the professional category of the knowledge workers. Our hypothesis is that knowledge workers would be much more attracted by urban environments having more potential in terms of creativity, corresponding to the criterion emphasised in the creative class thesis. However, our results suggest that the quality of place is not as important as career opportunities. This does not lead us to refute the relevance of the creative class thesis but to nuance the relevance of various factors of location. It appears that the two cities in our study achieve different results on only one major point: the quality of life of Ottawa is a more powerful criterion of attraction/retention than in Montreal.

Abstraet This paper presents an intervention model for local policy makers to link Science, Technology and Jndustry in lagging regions. By integrating several analytical tools from social network analysis, complexity approach and benchmarking, a multilevel complex network is suggested. The key inflection points can be displayed easily, facilitating decision-making related with this problem.