Inbound Tourism

After years of operation, the increased demand for some functions of a company requires it to set up a new department to focus on certain tasks. The inbound department is in high demand for VYC since the inbound tourists of Vietnam has dramatically increased. This paper provides a complete plan from analytics, planning and evaluation to set up VYC's inbound department

By 2014 Indonesia registered 11.6 million inbound foreign tourists, 135% higher than the year 2000. Since then, government policies to promote tourism flourished. This article investigates the determinants of inbound tourism from the top nine mayor tourist origin countries into Indonesia covering the period of 2000 to 2014. This research employs a dynamic panel dataset to estimate the impact of per capita real income, relative prices, accommodation capacity, distance, and public infrastructure investment on international tourism demand in Indonesia, capturing demand- and supply-side effects. The results show that per capita income of tourists, relative price, and available rooms have a positive effect on tourism expenditure in Indonesia, while distance has a negative effect. Dummy variables capture large negative shocks in tourism arising from two terrorist attacks in 2002 and 2005, as well as from the global financial crisis in 2008. Income plays a positive but low impact on tourism demand compared to other nations. The positive effect of prices suggests an advantage of Indonesia in competitive tourism prices. Nevertheless, low prices also denote low value in tourism services. The substantial impact of accommodation may indicate that significant effects of tourism are allocated in lodging, minimizing the impact on other sectors

Tourism is relatively new area of business for many countries. For Kazakhstan and many CIS countries, it
started since 1991 after receiving its independence. The paper aims to analyze the perspectives and advantages of
developing tourism industry. In addition, to show how tourism sector develops economies and stimulate integration,
growing the number of new jobs and industries. There is also advantages of tourism that can stimulate cultural
exchange, strengthening peaceful and friendly relations between countries. In a macroeconomic context, the
analysis leads to recommendations on developing tourism industry based on competitive advantages of countries.

The main purpose of the study is to explore the Homestay Tourism Promoting Local Entrepreneurship in Nepal with references to Sirubari Village, Syangja. To meet the desired objective the study constituted three fundamental objectives as to study the tourists' inflow trend during the study period of current five years, role of homestay business at promoting local entrepreneurship in the village and satisfactory level of homestay operators because of tourism business in the village. To accomplish the objectives, the study has incorporated descriptive and analytical research design using both qualitative and quantitative data from primary and secondary data sources determining samples from the population. Study selected samples using random sampling among the homestay operators and convenient sampling among the non-homestay operators. For the primary data collection the study used both structured questionnaires and open interview with the respondents. For the data analysis the study has used SPSS. With the analysis the study concluded that the trend of domestic tourists' arrival was increasing whereas the trend of foreign tourists was fluctuated until 2019/2020 AD. However, because of global pandemic COVID-2019 the trend of domestic tourists' arrival appeared to be miserable and the arrival of foreign tourists reached at nil. Similarly, homestay tourism in Sirubari found to be milestone to the local people as the homestay operators increased to twenty three from seventeen during this current five years and key factors of the entrepreneurship are empowered. In addition to these the study found that the most of the key factors of satisfactory level of homestay operators are highly appreciated.

In the modern world, social media has become an important part of marketing communications. In the social space, companies are actively using various attractive photo or video materials to promote a tourism product or service, making it easier for tourists to decide where to spend their vacation. In today's information society, social media plays a significant role in the tourism industry. In Georgia, as with the rest of the world, within the development of tourism, social networks have become actively involved in tourism as a marketing tool. The purpose of the study is to determine the impact of social media platforms on travellers' decision making in Georgia. In the framework of research, the condition of social media platforms and review sites in Georgia generally assessed, and it also identified the factors that affect inbound visitors. For this research, it has used primary and secondary research studies. Primary research included tourists' and tour-operators' quantitative research; the paper also includes a case study on the importance of communication during the crisis. Secondary research included existing Georgian and foreign academic sources. In the study revealed the role of media platforms in tourists' decision-making process the most impacted by social media segments, as well as the advantages of using the media channels by local tour operators. There is a lack of academic research in Georgia regarding the impact of social media, and considering how trending this topic has become, it is important to conduct the study.

Saudi Arabia is well known in the world for the holy places Makkah and Madinah. Hajjis and visitors come to perform hajj and Umrah every year in Makkah and Madinah from all around the world. Hajj and Umrah visits play a vital role in the inbound tourism of Saudi Arabia. The tourism revenue of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is increasing absolutely but losing its contribution to the GDP proportionately. So, this paper tries to find out the economic activities of all components of tourism sector which are responsible for the negative trend. It also explains the relationships and variability of tourism revenues and expenditures with GDP and offers suggestions to enhance revenue of tourism sector. This study is based upon secondary data obtained from the website of SAMA (Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority) and General Authority for Statistics of Saudi Arabia. In tourism sector of Saudi Arabia, the increasing trend of expenditures of some economic activities is more than its revenue. The increasing trend of expenditures comparatively its revenues lowering contribution of tourism towards GDP. To improve the level of tourism revenue, government has to provide world class facilities and develop new tourist spots and allow the visitors to visit such places according to the Shariah and Kingdom rules. Government has to focus on developing passenger rail transport and other means of transport to connect all the tourist spots to provide easy conveyance, and on improving and developing tourism sector by helping the government and private organizations that are engaged directly or indirectly in providing services to the domestic and inbound tourists to assure more contribution to GDP.

This paper aims to compare the performance of three different artificial neural network techniques for tourist demand forecasting: a multi-layer perceptron, a radial basis function and an Elman network. We find that multi-layer perceptron and radial basis function models outperform Elman networks. We repeated the experiment assuming different topologies regarding the number of lags used for concatenation so as to evaluate the effect of the memory on the forecasting results. We find that for higher memories, the forecasting performance obtained for longer horizons
improves, suggesting the importance of increasing the dimensionality for long-term forecasting. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Özet
Bu çalışma, Somut Olmayan Kültürel Miras’ın (SOKÜM) paket turlar bağlamında kullanımını, Karadeniz
Bölgesi örneğinde ele almaktadır. Bu amaçla, bölgeye en çok tur düzenleyen acenteler arasından on beş
acente tespit edilmiş ve yetkilileri ile görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Görüşmeler sonucunda; seyahat acentesi
yetkililerinin bölgenin SOKÜM unsurları hakkında yeterli bilgiye sahip olmadıkları, acenteler arasında
özellikle fiyat konusunda büyük bir rekabetin yaşandığı ve bu durumun SOKÜM unsurlarının
düzenledikleri paket turlar sırasında kullanımını olumsuz etkilediği tespit edilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: SOKÜM, iç turizm, paket tur, seyahat acentesi, hanut sorunu, Karadeniz
Abstract
This study deals with the use of Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) in the context of package tours within
the sample of Black Sea Region. For this purpose, fifteen travel agencies have been chosen among the
biggest tour operators and their managers or owners have been interviewed. The interviews have revealed
that authorized personnel of travel agencies do not have adequate information on ICH, there is a great
competition among travel agencies specifically on the price and this competition negatively affects the use
of ICH on package tours.
Keywords: ICH, inbound tourism, package tour, travel agency, rake off problem, Black Sea region

Purpose – This study aims to apply a new forecasting approach to improve predictions in the hospitality industry. To do so, the authors developed a multivariate setting that allows the incorporation of the cross-correlations in the evolution of tourist arrivals from visitor markets to a specific destination in neural network models.

Design/methodology/approach – This multiple-input-multiple-output approach allows the generation of predictions for all visitor markets simultaneously. Official data of tourist arrivals to Catalonia (Spain) from 2001 to 2012 were used to generate forecasts for one, three and six months ahead with three different networks.

Findings – The study revealed that multivariate architectures that take into account the connections between different markets may improve the predictive performance of neural networks. Additionally, the authors developed a new forecasting accuracy measure and found that radial basis function networks outperform the rest of the models.

Research limitations/implications – This research contributes to the hospitality literature by developing an innovative framework to improve the forecasting performance of artificial intelligence techniques and by providing a new forecasting accuracy measure.

Practical implications – The proposed forecasting approach may prove very useful for planning purposes, helping managers to anticipate the evolution of variables related to the daily activity of the industry.

Originality/value – A multivariate neural network framework has been developed to improve forecasting accuracy, providing professionals with an innovative and practical forecasting approach.

Resumen
La investigación pretende echar luz en las dinámicas contrapuestas y cooperativas que impulsa la Nueva Ley de Turismo (25.997/05) en torno al impulso del turismo social y el fortalecimiento del turismo receptivo. A partir de la nueva normativa, el turismo es reconocido un derecho de las personas y en este marco se sientan las bases para el impulso de políticas de turismo social; al mismo tiempo que se destaca al turismo receptivo como actividad de exportación no tradicional, impulsando
diferentes herramientas para su fortalecimiento. Más allá de esta complementariedad institucionalizada, la investigación comprueba que la importancia creciente que adquiere el turismo receptivo (en la afectación y ejecución de recursos, la creación de organismos específicos y la designación de personal), va en detrimento de la política de turismo social, que termina ocupando un lugar marginal en la agenda turística.

Аннотация. Целью исследования является выявление основных тенденций в развитии медицинского туризма Воронежской области. Проведен анализ характерных направлений организации и реализации рекреационных услуг Воронежской области, а также модификации бизнес-процессов в сфере медицинского туризма региона. В результате выявлены перспективные направления продвижения медицинского туризма, описаны ключевые компетенции работников туристской индустрии, реализующие продукт медицинского туризма региона и услуги санаторно-курортного лечения. Сформулированы предложения по совершенствованию продвижения медицинского туризма Воронежской области. Предложены инновационные педагогические технологии для совершенствования организации образовательного процесса и подготовки узкоспециализированных кадров туризма в актуальных условиях экономического развития. Ключевые слова. региональное развитие, медицинский туризм, санаторно-курортное лечение, подготовка кадров в туризме, предметно-языковое интегрированное обучение (CLIL).
Abstract. The study deals with identifying the main trends in the development of medical tourism in the Voronezh region. The analysis of the crucial directions of the organisation and implementation of recreational services of the Voronezh region is held. The study of the modification of business processes in the field of Voronezh medical tourism is carried out. As a result, promising areas of medical tourism promotion were identified, the core competencies of tourism employees procuring the process of organising, providing and promoting medical tourism service, spa treatment, wellness, and other healthcare services were described. The proposals on improving the promotion of medical tourism in the Voronezh region are formulated. Innovative pedagogical technologies for improving the teaching process of highly skilled tourism personnel in the connection to the current conditions of crisis economic development are proposed.

The statistical information sourced from Bureau of Immigration and Ministry of Tourism, Govt. of India, foreign tourist arrivals in 2013 and 2014 were 6.97 and 7.68 millions respectively. FTAs during the period January-October 2015 were 6.88 million with a growth of 4.3% as compared to the FTAs of 6.28 million with a growth of 11.4% in January-October 2014, over January-October 2013. But from January till October 2015, it was 6.28 million. Additionally, in October 2015, inbound travel grew a mere 1.7% against the same month last year, which is the lowest pace of growth in the past six months. In comparison, the growth in foreign tourist arrivals in October 2014 was 9.6%.

Saudi Arabia is well known in the world for the holy places Makkah and Madinah. Hajjis and visitors come to perform hajj and Umrah every year in Makkah and Madinah from all around the world. Hajj and Umrah visits play a vital role in the inbound tourism of Saudi Arabia. The tourism revenue of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is increasing absolutely but losing its contribution to the GDP proportionately. So, this paper tries to find out the economic activities of all components of tourism sector which are responsible for the negative trend. It also explains the relationships and variability of tourism revenues and expenditures with GDP and offers suggestions to enhance revenue of tourism sector. This study is based upon secondary data obtained from the website of SAMA (Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority) and General Authority for Statistics of Saudi Arabia. In tourism sector of Saudi Arabia, the increasing trend of expenditures of some economic activities is more than its revenue. The increasi...

By 2014 Indonesia registered 11.6 million inbound foreign tourists, 135% higher than the year 2000. Since then, government policies to promote tourism flourished. This paper investigates the determinants of inbound tourism from the top nine mayor tourist origin countries into Indonesia covering the period of 2000 to 2014. This research employs a dynamic panel dataset to estimate the impact of per capita real income, relative prices, accommodation capacity, distance and public infrastructure investment on international tourism demand in Indonesia, capturing demand and supply-side effects. The results show that per capita income of tourist, relative price, and available rooms have a positive effect on tourism expenditure in Indonesia, while distance has a negative effect. Dummy variables capture large negative shocks in tourism arising from two terrorist attacks in 2002 and 2005, as well as from the global financial crisis in 2008. Income plays a positive but low impact on tourism dem...

Die Staaten des Golfkooperationsrates (GKR) gelten laut UNWTO (2014) als die weltweit am dynamischsten wachsenden touristischen Herkunftsmärkte mit einem jährlichen Wachstum im zweistelligen Bereich. In Österreich haben sich die Ankünfte und Übernachtungen aus dieser Region allein zwischen 2010 und 2014 mehr als verdoppelt. Aufgrund ihrer überdurchschnittlichen Reise- und Aufenthaltsdauer und ihrer hohen Tagesausgaben sind Reisende aus den GKR-Staaten für die lokale Tourismuswirtschaft höchst attraktiv. Insbesondere die Region Zell am See/Kaprun profitiert von arabischen Reisenden. 85 Prozent der Reisen entfallen jedoch auf die Sommermonate Juli und August, was zu Missstimmungen bei der lokalen Bevölkerung, aber auch bei anderen Reisenden, die ihren Sommerurlaub in der Region verbringen, führt.
Der folgende Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Wahrnehmung des arabischen Tourismus durch deutsche Reisende, die Auswirkung auf ihr aktuelles Reiseerlebnis sowie auf die Kundenloyalität und damit auf künftige Reiseentscheidungen. Die empirischen Ergebnisse zeigen, dass arabische Reisende zwar aufgrund ihres äußeren Erscheinungsbildes, ihrer Gewohnheiten und Verhaltensweisen Aufmerksamkeit erregen und Befremdung auslösen, das Reiseverhalten und die Kundenloyalität dadurch jedoch nur marginal beeinträchtigt wird.

(...) Son on beş yıl içinde çok hızlı bir gelişim kaydeden Doğu Karadeniz turizmi ile ilgili yapılmış bir turist profili çalışması mevcut değildir. Bu nedenle, Doğu Karadeniz Turlarına (DKT) katılan turist profilinin belirlenmesi ve bu profilden hareketle bir pazar bölümlendirme önerisinin sunulması amacıyla bu çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Anket yöntemi ile elde edilen verilerin analizi sonucunda DKT’yi en çok; üniversite mezunu, memur ve 31-60 yaş grubunun tercih ettiği tespit edilmiştir. Katılımcıların DKT’yi tercih nedenleri arasında; fiyat, doğal güzellikler ve eğlence faktörleri ön plana çıkarken en çok merak edilen iller Trabzon ve Rize olmuştur.

Resumen La investigación pretende echar luz en las dinámicas contrapuestas y cooperativas que impulsa la Nueva Ley de Turismo (25.997/05) en torno al impulso del turismo social y el fortalecimiento del turismo receptivo. A partir de la nueva normativa, el turismo es reconocido un derecho de las personas y en este marco se sientan las bases para el impulso de políticas de turismo social; al mismo tiempo que se destaca al turismo receptivo como actividad de exportación no tradicional, impulsando diferentes herramientas para su fortalecimiento. Más allá de esta complementariedad institucionalizada, la investigación comprueba que la importancia creciente que adquiere el turismo receptivo (en la afectación y ejecución de recursos, la creación de organismos específicos y la designación de personal), va en detrimento de la política de turismo social, que termina ocupando un lugar marginal en la agenda turística.

By 2014 Indonesia registered 11.6 million inbound foreign tourists, 135% higher than the year 2000. Since then, government policies to promote tourism flourished. This article investigates the determinants of inbound tourism from the top nine mayor tourist origin countries into Indonesia covering the period of 2000 to 2014. This research employs a dynamic panel dataset to estimate the impact of per capita real income, relative prices, accommodation capacity, distance, and public infrastructure investment on international tourism demand in Indonesia, capturing demand- and supply-side effects. The results show that per capita income of tourists, relative price, and available rooms have a positive effect on tourism expenditure in Indonesia, while distance has a negative effect. Dummy variables capture large negative shocks in tourism arising from two terrorist attacks in 2002 and 2005, as well as from the global financial crisis in 2008. Income plays a positive but low impact on touris...

The aim of this paper is the analysis of the situation of General Aviation (GA) in Greece and its possible implication for tourism in the country. In which way i.e. the GA can, directly, constitute a form of special interest tourism and, indirectly, raise and contribute to the aid of other tourism forms and expressions, such as professional and educational tourism. What is examined substantially is the case of Recreational General Aviation as a form of special interest tourism through the dynamics of the motive for it and the specific characteristics of the target group in question.