Geography of Mobility and Migrations

This study aims to identify the influencing elements and adaption techniques of slum residents who moves due to climate change. From two slum areas in Rangpur district, a data base of 120 respondents was gathered using structured questionnaires in order to learn about the people's adaptation and migration processes as well as their current way of life. Most of the respondents (43.32%) only completed their primary education, and 54.15 percent of them have annual incomes of less than 1000 taka. Nearly 77% of people live in tin shacks. Due to river bank erosion, several respondents abandoned their village. Nearly 19% of them were from Mymensingh. Farmers made up about 45% of the respondents. However, as a result of losing their lands, more people, or around 63%, now work as a daily laborer. After migration they were forced to engage themselves in unskilled jobs like day laborer and rickshaw puller. Because of their educational status they couldn't afford themselves into better housing status but also they engaged their children to work to meet their daily need which was costlier than their native place. Due to this dilemma a larger number of the respondents' second generation were involved in an unskilled job also. This study is the baseline of the climate migrants' status because there's no research has been done regarding this issue in the north western region of Bangladesh. Since the city is developing recently so the city planner and policy makers should consider these people to involve them in skilled job so the society can get the maximum benefit from them and also improve their status of life.

1 ABSTRACT Im Jahr 2008 wurde ein vom Ökosozialen Forum Wien beauftragtes Projekt abgeschlossen, dessen Ziel es war, sich der großen Herausforderung "Alterung der Bevölkerung" interdisziplinär anzunehmen und gleichsam "mit den Augen eines jungen Forscher-/-innen-Teams" die Versorgungssituation älterer Menschen in der Stadt Wien "unter die Lupe" zu nehmen. Dem Leitbild einer "Stadt der kurzen Wege" folgend, bestand das Ziel der Forschungsarbeit darin, stadträumliche Spezifika zu verstehen und raumdifferenzierte Grundsätze zu erarbeiten, damit Wien auch in Zeiten demographischer Dynamik hinsichtlich der Versorgung seiner-nicht nur älteren-Bewohner/-innen "fit für übermorgen" bleibt. Die empirische Forschung brachte hervor, dass sich die sog. älteren Menschen-statistisch gesehen beginnend mit dem 60. bzw. 65. Lebensjahr-längst nicht mehr in ein uniformes Schema hinsichtlich ihrer Charakteristika einfügen lassen. Zweifelsfrei können dies...

Vor dem Hintergrund der demographischen Entwicklung ist der Einsatz neuer Technologien für das altersgerechte Lebens- und Wohnumfeld von hoher gesellschaftlicher Relevanz. Besonders in Sachsen-Anhalt sind deutliche Veränderungen in der Altersstruktur zu erwarten . Folglich werden sich Versorgungs- und Integrationsde�zite ergeben, die neue Konzepte für eine breite und bezahlbare medizinische und p�egerische Gesundheitsversorgung sowie eine soziale Integration der älter werdenden Bevölkerung erfordern. Dabei rückt das eigene Wohnumfeld älterer Menschen in den Vordergrund . Von wachsender Bedeutung sind dafür innovative Techniken, die P�flegedienstleister unterstützen und älteren Menschen den Alltag bewältigen helfen.

Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Grigore Silaºi Editorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Martin Geiger Forms and Features of the Post-Enlargement ...

Die Jahrestagung des Collegium Carolinum 2024 widmet sich der interregionalen Mobilität von Personen, Ideen und Gegenständen in Mitteleuropa im 14. und 15. Jahrhundert. Damit knüpft sie an jüngere Debatten rund um das Thema Mobilität an. Die Tagung ist primär der horizontalen Mobilität gewidmet, es sollen ihre sozialen Konsequenzen nicht außer Acht gelassen werden. Es geht uns um geographische, grenzüberschreitende Bewegung von Personen, Gegenständen und Ideen und ihre Auswirkungen auf den jeweiligen Aufnahme-oder auch Herkunftsort. Eine sozial, kulturell oder politisch wirkungsvolle Mobilität setzte nicht zwingend eine Übersiedlung oder die Bildung von Diasporen voraus, sondern intensive, üblicherweise wiederholte, hin und her gerichtete Begegnungen, die dauernde Beziehungen stiften konnten.

This study is part of the field of political and social geography and African studies. Its aim is to address the current geopolitical issues (migration policies, migration systems and dynamics, forms of otherness, clandestine migration and different routes, the role of borders in migration as a geostrategic tool) of migration in Africa. To bring scientific rigor and clarity to our study, we draw on both methodical approaches from social and political geography, life stories, ethnographic observation and various documentary sources. Reflection on the current migratory situation in Africa leads us to discuss the impact of the colonial era on the continent through colonial economies centered essentially on the exploitation of African natural resources such as minerals, rubber and cotton. This reality has engendered, on the one hand, an African migratory system represented by the migration of labor from rural regions to economic centers, creating demographic and economic imbalances within African countries; and on the other hand, a migratory system between colonizing countries and colonized countries. It's true that Africa is a continent of glaring disparities. It's a multi-ethnic, plural space that conceals flagrant socio-spatial inequalities, which are becoming increasingly acute. This area of the world becomes a space of paradoxes par excellence, insofar as wealth and poverty are intertwined. As a result, the spatial injustice between North and South generates a great deal of frustration among Africans, and has an impact on the construction of a hopeful migration project. Moving elsewhere offers would-be migrants the right to dream, rebuild their lives and shape their values. This ultimate goal is made possible by cosmopolitanism and the desire to discover a different culture. In the current context, Morocco is becoming a new frontier for Europe. Its geographical and geostrategic position makes it both a place of transit and residence. Indeed, moving there or leaving generates new urban dynamics in Moroccan cities, creating new forms of otherness between migrants and locals. Such mobility generates ephemeral, relocated territorialities that shape the urban landscape of African cities, in this case Moroccan cities. Migration is a highly complex phenomenon, involving individuals and their societal lives on the one hand, and states and their integration policies on the other. Indeed, dealing with the issue of migration in its political, economic, social, cultural and diplomatic dimensions is a necessity, and raises a legitimate question: how can we think about the geopolitical stakes of migration in Africa? To answer this major question, we propose a two-point plan. The first section will address current migration dynamics in Africa. The second deals with migration policies in Africa and future challenges in Africa and in third section, we will look at the future challenges of migration in Africa.
Keywords: Africa; Migration; Geopolitical Issues; Migration Policies; Urban Dynamics; Morocco

Quem vive em grandes metrópoles certamente já notou que elas sofrem pelo problema de falta de espaço. Continuamente são construídos prédios, condomínios residenciais, centros comerciais, vias expressas, túneis, linhas de metrô, acessos e viadutos, mas todo esse aumento de infraestrutura urbana está longe de acompanhar o crescimento desenfreado do trânsito. Esse artigo realiza um estudo conciso do trânsito na cidade de São Paulo através de análises estatísticas que permitam prever a lentidão do tráfego de acordo com o comportamento histórico do trânsito registrado. Os resultados apontam modelos distintos para o trânsito no período da manhã e o período da noite, porém, ambos explicitam a correlação temporal existente. Este artigo tem contribuição importante para os processos de planejamento e gestão do tráfego voltados à melhorias de trânsito, preservação do meio ambiente, diminuição de gastos públicos e replanejamento do sistema viário da cidade de São Paulo.

A crise global da COVID-19 trouxe consigo uma multiplicidade de desafios, não apenas em
termos de saúde pública, mas também nas dinâmicas socioeconômicas e geopolíticas.
Entre essas dinâmicas, a questão dos fluxos migratórios se tornou particularmente
relevante, dada a sua complexidade e o impacto direto das políticas adotadas para mitigar
a propagação do vírus. Este estudo visa analisar especificamente os impactos da
pandemia na região transfronteiriça entre Brasil, Argentina e Uruguai, focando nas
mudanças ocorridas no contexto das migrações, com especial atenção aos impactos
sanitários, políticos e socioeconômicos.

Die Migration nach Europa halt weiter an. Seit der Fluchtlingskrise 2015 hat sich der Druck auf die EU und ihre am starksten betroffenen Mitgliedstaaten erhoht, Masnahmen zur Eindammung der Einwanderung aus Entwicklungslandern zu ergreifen. Sollten die bisherigen Ansatze bei der Bekampfung der Fluchtursachen uberdacht werden? Welche Moglichkeiten haben die Ziellander, die Situation in den Herkunftslandern zu verbessern? Reiner Klingholz, ehem. Berlin-Institut fur Bevolkerung und Entwicklung, macht darauf aufmerksam, dass die Grunde fur Migration vielfaltig sind und sich nur schwer oder nur langfristig beeinflussen lassen. Sie reichten von Bevolkerungswachstum uber ein Wohlstands- und Sicherheitsgefalle, uber funktionierende Migrantennetzwerke, Konflikte und politische Unsicherheit bis hin zu Umweltfaktoren wie Wassermangel oder Klimawandel. Unterm Strich habe Europa wenig Moglichkeiten, mittelfristig Flucht- oder Migrationsursachen zu bekampfen. Notig sei eine langfristige Strategie...

The events of February 2022 became the starting point of a new wave of Russian emigration. On the one hand, this phenomenon can be considered within a series of previous migration waves, on the other hand, the modern context leaves its imprint on the current migration process, making it very special from the economic and sociocultural perspectives. The article presents an attempt to analyze this specificity with an emphasis on the charac- teristics of the economic behavior of emigrants. Empirically, the study is based on a series of in-depth interviews with people who left Russia after February 2022. On the basis of these interviews, the authors built idealized cognitive models of possible options for the economic behavior of migrants. The authors considered a total of four models: relocation, which involves searching for a References
job in the host country; relocation, which involves remote work for a Russian company; relocation, which involves creating or moving one’s own business; relocation to a branch of a Russian company.
Since the economic strategies of migrants are influenced by signals broadcast by the Russian government structures, the article analyzed the state- ments of representatives of these structures using the method of network cog- nitive mapping, which made it possible to reveal two types of official discourse in relation to those who left Russia, which differed in the extent of their criti- cism towards them.
In general, the study showed that migrants of the latest wave are inter- nally heterogeneous and fall into several groups that differ markedly in their motivation and patterns of economic behavior. At the same time, a significant part of them continues to cooperate with Russia in one way or another and, in principle, is ready to return to Russia. For them, migration is driven largely by security and/or economic reasons. Only a minority of emigrants left the country due to their disagreement with the current political course and consider the possibility of coming back only if the political course changes radically.

Objetivo: analisar as transformações nos
fluxos migratórios na macrorregião
transfronteiriça Brasil-Argentina-Uruguai
Paraguai durante a pandemia da COVID-19.
Metodologia: abordagem mista
combinando análise de dados
governamentais e entrevistas
semiestruturadas.
Pesquisas de campo realizadas em 2021,
2022 e 2023.

This study has as objective to situate the historical context in which the new paradigm of commercial motorbike transportation; an informal economic activity, emerged in the late 1990s through the early 2000s in Bangem town. It treats the genesis/implantation, challenges and implications of the sector in Bangem. The paper contends that, the very difficult impacts of the economic crisis of the second half of the 1980s and early 1990s that hit Cameroon at large and Bangem in particular amongst other factors brought untold hardship on the locals exhibited by poverty and mass unemployment of youths. It was the economic crisis and the ensued hardship that was the basis and catalyst for the pursuit of informal economic activities as niches for economic survival, growth and livelihood. Commercial motorbike transportation thus provided a new avenue for economic livelihood. Based on primary, secondary data and the authors' observations, the study reveals that commercial motorbike transportation greatly ameliorated the lives and living standards of many youths who found a way of making ends meet in the sector. More to that, Motorbike transportation became the main means of transportation within the Bangem township and greatly helped to palliate the movement of persons from Bamgem municipality to the neighbouring villages due to the flexibility and adaptive nature of the bikes. Motorbike transportation also aided in the transportation of agricultural products from the suburbs and environs of Bangem Township that had been a major handicap for the rural farmers due to the poor state of the roads within the entire Kupe-Muanengube division. Commercial motorbike transportation was therefore a new paradigm of informal economic activity that had come to stay and to contribute to the socioeconomic fabric of Bangem town.

The past two decades Macedonia has gone through the process of transition which is still shaping the social, political and economic ambience in the country. The initial transitional recession has inter alia manifested salient effects on the labour market performance. Macedonia is among rare countries, where the unemployment rate during the whole period of transition hovers above 30%. Even though there is some criticism regarding the accuracy of the Macedonian unemployment rate estimated by the Labour Force Survey, it is still evident that we are facing an odd phenomenon. By using the Keynesian terminology, the Macedonian labour market experiences a suboptimal equilibrium assumed as a state where significant part of resources are not utilised or underutilised. We argue that this suboptimal equilibrium to great extent is result of the alternative labour market adjustment mechanisms that mitigate the high and sustained unemployment. These mechanisms cushion the social implications of u...

A mobilidade urbana tem se tornado cada vez mais complexa com o aumento da população nas áreas urbanas e o crescimento gradativo do número de automóveis. A Política Nacional de Mobilidade Urbana - PNMU, estabelecida por meio da Lei 12.587/12, prioriza, dentro de suas diretrizes, os modos de transportes não motorizados sobre os motorizados e dos serviços de transporte público coletivo sobre o transporte individual motorizado. Este estudo tem o objetivo de avaliar a evolução histórica do número de veículos no município de Curitiba e o número de usuários do transporte coletivo municipal. Parte-se da hipótese que o uso do transporte coletivo tenha aumentado, e o número de veículos diminuído, considerando que Curitiba é referência no sistema BRT (Bus Rapid Transit) desde meados de 1970, aliado a diretriz prioritária acima mencionada. Trata-se de tema bastante relevante, uma vez que a mobilidade urbana atinge todas as pessoas, interferindo na forma de construção e funcionamento da cidade ...

Food is more than a basic source of nutrients; it is also a key component of our culture, central to our sense of identity. Identities, however, are not fixed social constructs, but constructed and reconstructed within given social formations reflecting the existing and imagined structural constraints and lived experiences of subjects. This paper examines the dynamic relationships among food, social identity and the immigrant experience. As a culturally and spatially transitional stage, the immigration process introduces possibilities for change, as well as resistance to new habits, new behaviours, and new cultural experiences. These changes, in turn affect our physical and mental health, our perceptions of self, and our relations with others. This paper offers some analytical insights into this cultural transition and its impacts on identity drawn from the literature on food and identity. It also examines the impacts of the social constraints of food security among a group of immigrants in Toronto in order to evaluate the complex dynamics of identity reconstruction. It is argued that both the politics of equality and the politics of recognition are relevant to immigrant food security. Food, Culture and Identity: To survive we need to eat. Yet, food is more than a source of energy and nutrients essential for human health and well being. What we eat, how we eat, and when we eat reflect the complexity of wide cultural arrangements around food and foodways, the unique organization of food systems, and existing social policies. Food plays a key role in human socialization, in developing an awareness of body and self, language acquisition, and personality development. As Barthes (1975: 510) argues "[s]ubstances, techniques of preparation, habits, all become part of a system of differences in signification" and we communicate by way of food. As we learn what to eat, how to eat, when to eat, we learn "our" culture, "our" norms and "our" values and through this process we learn who "we" are. Jean-Anthelme Brillat-Savarin wrote in the early 19th Century, "Tell me what you eat, and I will tell you who you are." There exists a rich body of literature examining the socioeconomic and cultural variations in foodways, expressions of ethnocentrism through food habits, impacts of food taboos, and identification of "otherness" through food (

No presente artigo, pretendo evidenciar a existencia de uma relacao matricial entre a ideologia ocidentalista, as politicas restritivas de controle dos fluxos migratorios para os grandes centros globais e a consequente marginalizacao dessas comunidades. Para tanto, elucidarei as teses dos autores Thomas Malthus, Ernest G. Ravenstein e Max Sorre, com as quais procurarei tracar um panorama sobre o ideario que fundamentou ou reafirmou o discurso presente na concepcao liberal sobre a mobilidade do trabalho. Partindo de um vies estruturalistae da caracterizacao da mobilidade geografica como um processo decorrente das contradicoes sistemicas — das quais se originam a desestabilizacao social, o desemprego em massa e a pauperizacao de grande parcela da populacao mundial —, proponho discutir a respeito da articulacao entre os movimentos migratorios e as estruturas mercadologicas.

Als Informations-und Planungsgrundlage für eine regional differenzierte, quartiersnahe Versorgungsgestaltung werden kleinräumig Daten zum Versorgungsbedarf und-angebot benötigt. Vor diese Herausforderung sind auch die Kooperationspartner des von der Stiftung Wohlfahrtspflege des Landes NRW geförderten und vom Alters-Institut getragenen Modellverbunds "Pflege stationär-Weitdenken!" gestellt. Intention des Verbunds ist eine bedarfs-und bedürfnisgerechte Versorgung älterer, chronisch kranker, hilfe-und pflegebedürftiger Menschen im Stadtteil und Quartier durch die Weiterentwicklung stationärer Pflegeeinrichtungen hin zu sektorenübergreifenden, multiprofessionellen Pflege-und Gesundheitszentren in vier unterschiedlichen städtischen Quartieren.

1 ABSTRACT Smarte Mobilitätslösungen (Carsharing 3G, Fahrradverleihsysteme, E-Mobilität und organisierter Sammel-verkehr), die von Entwicklungen im Bereich der mobilen Technologien stark profitieren, besitzen das Potenzial sowohl zum Klima-und Umweltschutz beizutragen als auch die Mobilitätschancen der Bevölkerung zu verbessern. Eine wesentliche Schlüsselfrage lautet daher: Wie lassen sich smarte Mobilitätslösungen in der Praxis besser imitieren und letztlich umsetzen? Ausschlaggebend dafür sind eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Einflüsse, die von der Gesetzeslage, Fördersituation, Innovations-und Mobilitätskultur vor Ort über die Eigenschaften smarter Mobilitätslösungen hinsichtlich Akzeptanz und CO 2-Reduktionspotenzial bis hin zu den Akteuren mit ihren Netzwerken reichen. Ausgehend von theoretischen Ansätzen aus der Politikfeld-(z.B. Multiple-Stream Ansatz und dem Policy-Cycle) und Sozialforschung (Sozialen Netzwerkanalyse) wird die formulierte Schlüsselfrage aus unterschiedlichen ...

This paper details a theoretical framework to explain the impediments to migration. The paper argues that actual migration as a household livelihood strategy is impeded by the constraints imposed by the households' access to the institutions and the assets needed for migration within the welfare pentagon(s) of the household. The Welfare Pentagon embodies the five central institutions that households could use to assuage needs in a given society (family, markets, social networks, membership institutions and public authorities). Using data from Albania and Moldova, we then test the model predictions empirically. Utilizing a probit model for the decision to not migrate at the household level, we find strong support for the Welfare Pentagon framework. We find that having access to different parts of the Welfare Pentagon makes a difference for migration. We find that particularly the family, market and social network variables play a considerable role in the possibility for migration.

RESUMO: O presente trabalho expõe os conflitos e as consequências causadas pelo atual modelo de desenvolvimento urbano baseado no uso do automóvel, abordando os conceitos do Urbanismo Sustentável como instrumento para gerar bairros e cidades que priorizem a interrelação entre os meios naturais e humanos, visando aumentar a qualidade de vida da população. O urbanismo sustentável fomenta a inovação, buscando sempre novas soluções para os problemas já conhecidos, recorre aos novos métodos para transformar as cidades em ambientes mais humanos. Desta forma, o urbanismo disperso e o zoneamento rígido encontrados atualmente, além de contribuírem para a segregação social, dificultam a implantação de um transporte público eficiente. O adensamento surge então como uma das principais ferramentas deste novo modelo de urbanismo que, juntamente com as sobreposições de uso, o transporte público integrado, infraestrutura e edificações de alto desempenho, busca solucionar as problemáticas herdadas do urbanismo modernista. Palavras-chave: Urbanismo, sustentabilidade urbana, transporte público, desenvolvimento sustentável, adensamento.

This research is a descriptive cross-sectional survey on treatment and rehabilitation programs for employees affected by alcohol and drug abuse at Kapsabet Referral Hospital. The overall objective was to assess the assistance, treatment and rehabilitation programs for employees affected by Alcohol and Drug Abuse at the hospital. This study conceptualized that alcohol and drug abuse influences work performance in terms of direct and indirect costs to the employee affected by the abuse and organization hence the need for treatment and rehabilitation of such employee. Target 3.5 of the SDG calls for strengthening prevention and treatment of substance abuse and harmful use of alcohol. The target population was 320.The sample population was 10 percent thus 32 respondents. Questionnaires and document analysis were used to collect data. It was analyzed qualitatively in form of text and quantitatively through descriptive statistics. Majority (72%) of the respondents were aware and know the ...

Après un bref rappel du contexte institutionnel relatif à la question migratoire au Maroc, nous montrons que les migrants marocains ont un comportement ambigu (à travers les transferts de fonds), mélangeant un sentiment d'altruisme, mais aussi d'égoïsme. Nous montrons aussi que le Maroc ne profite pas suffisamment de la niche que représente sa diaspora ni en termes d'investissements (à travers les transferts de fonds) ni en termes d'effets de débordement (spillovers) de ces investissements (à travers le transfert de technologie).

Resumen Los contenidos en los bandos de la expulsión de los moriscos buscaron demostrar su lealtad al rey y a la fe cristiana, creyendo que este mecanismo era el adecuado para conseguir su permanencia en su patria. Pasado el tiempo, muchos han seguido creyendo que esta tragedia se debió a razones religiosas y políticas, y que habría que aprender de la Historia, e insistir en el principio de la tolerancia y la convivencia. El desarrollo de la expulsión de los mudéjares antiguos de Murcia nos muestra que las razones aludidas por el Consejo de Estado no eran tal como las presentaban, si no que se expulsó a una comunidad por su origen étnico, sin tener en cuenta su condición previa de bautizados, ni su lealtad al rey, lo que supone un avance hacia el abismo respecto a la medida de expulsión de los judíos en 1492.

O presente artigo parte da premissa de que a cobrança direta da tarifa no sistema de transporte público coletivo é um elemento segregador, que compromete o direito à mobilidade de populações mais vulneráveis. Trata-se da realização de um estudo de caso específico, do Programa Tarifa Zero, em Mariana (MG), com o objetivo de verificar em que medida políticas públicas de Tarifa Zero contribuem para promover a inclusão social, garantir igualdade de oportunidades e ampliar o acesso ao sistema de Transporte Público Coletivo, em especial para a população mais vulnerável. A pesquisa demonstra que o aumento do fluxo de passageiros após a implementação em fevereiro de 2022 aconteceu principalmente nas regiões mais vulneráveis, identificadas com base no número de pessoas inscritas no Cadastro Único para Programas Sociais do Governo Federal (CadÚnico). O levantamento também dimensiona a demanda reprimida na cidade, estabelecendo uma comparação com o número de viagens no município de Ouro Preto ...

Aos meus pais pelo amor e incentivo contínuo à minha educação. À minha esposa Débora pelo carinho, apoio e compreensão. Aos colegas Athos Bernardes, pelo interesse e colaboração no desenvolvimento das complexas planilhas de aquisição e análise de dados, e Milton Shikishima, pela dedicação e empenho na instrumentação e acompanhamento do veículo de teste utilizado. Sem eles a realização desse trabalho não teria sido possível. Ao Professor Dr. Orlando Strambi pela orientação e disponibilidade constantes. À Mercedes-Benz do Brasil Ltda., nas pessoas do Dr. Daniel Spinelli, Marcos Argentino e Paschoal Federico Neto, por permitirem e apoiarem a realização deste trabalho. Ao CNPq pelo apoio à pesquisa. RESUMO O objetivo principal deste trabalho de pesquisa é desenvolver ciclos de condução para ônibus urbanos a partir de dados de campo, visando sua aplicação em metodologias de estimativa de emissões de poluentes. São apresentadas metodologias para a construção de ciclos de condução, com destaque para o procedimento que utiliza o conceito de VSP (Vehicle Specific Power), variável que apresenta forte correlação com emissões de poluentes. Assim, foram coletados dados da variação da velocidade ao longo do tempo em ônibus que realizam testes de durabilidade, percorrendo diariamente diferentes tipos de vias urbanas em um trajeto pré-determinado. Foram selecionados segmentos do trajeto que, agrupados, podem representar diferentes condições de operação para ônibus urbanos; em seguida, foram propostos ciclos de condução para estes segmentos escolhidos, nos períodos de "pico" e "fora do pico". Foram estimadas as emissões dos principais poluentes para os ciclos de condução desenvolvidos. Os resultados mostram que as características das vias e as condições de tráfego desfavoráveis podem impactar diretamente na distribuição de VSP e, consequentemente, ocasionar emissões mais elevadas de poluentes. Palavras-chave: ciclos de condução, ônibus urbanos, estimativa de emissões, VSP.

A cidade de Manaus cresceu e continua a crescer em um ritmo estrondoso, em uma primeira fase populacionalmente e horizontalmente. Em um segundo contexto, horizontalmente e cada vez mais a norte devido às políticas habitacionais do programa Minha Casa Minha Vida, que empurram as populações mais pobres para longe das áreas mais consolidadas em termos de serviços e infraestrutura sem medir tais consequências. Além das barreiras sociais, é preciso levar em conta o papel que as grandes áreas de aceso restrito exercem sobre a continuidade do tecido urbano e na circulação das pessoas. Embora estes elementos não interfiram na paisagem urbana (na maioria das vezes), a sua presença dificulta a mobilidade pela descontinuidade imposta à malha viária. Esse é um fenômeno recorrente na área urbanizada de Manaus. A ideia é trazer uma simulação desta realidade e que, portanto, do uso do território feito pelas categorias que serão aqui apresentadas. Este trabalho busca analisar a expansão da cidade de Manaus e a organização do território através da identificação dos elementos de ruptura do tecido urbano. Para a análise, utilizou-se de dados do Google Earth, IBGE e das secretarias de planejamento urbano de Manaus. Os mapeamentos serão feitos com a ferramenta QGis, e apresentados para discussão dos resultados.

Poland and the Czech Republic are not 'first partnership' countries (both countries have political and economic ambitions in the West), but geographical neighbourhood and historical context encourage migration between them. The 'Polish' or 'Czech' adventure of educated migrants often begins with an Erasmus study stay. There is also the factor of migration of hearts, where a person meets a partner in the foreign country, or a factor associated with employment. A relationship with a person of Czech or Polish nationality seems to have been the strongest factor in the decision to remain in Poland or the Czech Republic permanently, as well as a certain guarantee of gradual integration. The immigrants were introduced to all spheres of the local environment by their partner. The entry into the European Union and the subsequent accession of both countries to the Schengen Area resulted in several million Poles travelling abroad permanently or temporarily. For some of them, given the cultural and linguistic similarities and expectations of better treatment, the Czech Republic has become an alternative to travelling to the West, as well as a means of escape from 'shameful identity' resulting from menial work abroad, and an escape from large groups of Polish diaspora (e.g. Germany or England). Czechia-stereotypically perceived as the country of The Good Soldier Švejk, pubs and atheism-was often seen by migrants as an attractive alternative destination with good social conditions. Czechs, for whom the decision to migrate is not as matter of course or simple, view Poland as a country with a lower economic status and a sort of backwardness and traditionalism, particularly with regard to religion. The decisive factor for Czech immigrants was a Polish partner. Some Czech immigrants moved to Poland with the hopes of moving to a country of the 'Wild East', where it is less important to play by the rules and the law, and more important to be an 'individualist'. This is why, as some respondents stated, it is easier for the most persistent to achieve success in Poland in their professional life. The desire for adventure and a lifestyle that can be described as a 'mobile life' was an equally important factor. For several respondents, this neighbouring country was just another stop on the path of an eternal traveller-a nomad. What also made the decision of both Polish and Czech immigrants easier was the assumption that what is close, especially in terms of physically measurable distance.

Resumo: Este artigo aborda as condições de vida de imigrantes haitianos na cidade de Manaus, no ano de 2019, no estudo da dissertação "Condições de  Vida  dos  Imigrantes  Haitianos  no  Centro  de  Acolhimento  da  Pastoral de  Migrante,  Manaus/Am”,  e  no  projeto Análisis  Multidimensional  de  las  Interacciones Universidad-Sociedad en el Estado del Amazonas, do Grupo Interação, da Red Multiben, do Programa Iberoamericano de Ciência e Tecnologia para o Desenvolvimento – CYTED. Os procedimentos metodológicos foram pautados na  Metodologia  Interação,  uma  abordagem  crítico  dialética,  abrangendo pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo com técnicas e instrumentos de caráter participativo. Os resultados sintetizam os debates teórico práticos sobre como a questão social em suas expressões econômicas (empobrecimento, desemprego),  políticas  (limites  à  participação),  sociais  (exclusão  social, relações de subalternidade), ambientais (riscos e vulnerabilidade aos desastres naturais)  e  culturais  (desvalorização  de  seus  saberes  e  práticas)  afetam  a qualidade de vida dos imigrantes haitianos.

(Abstract in English below)
Este artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre a importância e os desafios da etnografia multisituada como um método de pesquisa nos estudos sobre migrações e mobilidade, e especificamente a partir de uma etnografia das mobilidades dos haitianos nas rotas (wout, em crioulo haitiano), as quais eles percorrem ao deixar o Haiti, atravessando as fronteiras de diferentes países das Américas. A partir de uma etnografia sobre as formas e os lugares dos “eus”, proponho um aporte teórico metodológico para interrogar com especial atenção as dinâmicas e as experiências de mobilidade dos haitianos no e a partir do Brasil. O intuito é entender as dinâmicas e os investimentos emocionais e materiais dos compromissos envolvidos no trabalho de campo, e suscitar uma discussão das diversas dimensões que pode tomar uma pesquisa multisituada. A pesquisa multisituada permite entrever na sua profundidade as subjetividades
e práticas das pessoas em movimento e de afinar minha leitura dos mecanismos sociais da mobilidade e das redes haitianas.

This article proposes a reflection on the importance and challenges of multi-sited ethnography as a research method in migration and mobility studies, and specifically from an ethnography of Haitian mobilities on the routes (wout, in Haitian Creole), which they travel when they leave Haiti, crossing the borders of different countries in the Americas. From an ethnographic perspective on the forms and places of the “I”, I propose a theoretical methodological approach to interrogate with special attention
the dynamics and experiences of Haitian mobility to and from Brazil. The aim is to understand the dynamics and the emotional and material investments of the commitments involved in fieldwork, and to raise a discussion of the various dimensions that multi-sited research can take on. Multi-sited research allows me to get an in-depth look at the subjectivities and practices of people on the move and to refine my reading of the social mechanisms of Haitian mobility and networks.

The postcolonial concept the “Third Space” was introduced by Homi Bhabha (1994) to understand complex interactions among communities that share their socio-cultural contexts to establish relationships within spaces that may be both conceptual and physical. This paper proposes employing the “Third Space” to analyse the role of religious migration and mobility in cultural interactions in Roman Palmyra through archaeological evidence discovered within and beyond Palmyra. The “Third Space” in this context follows on its suggestion by Dr Leonardo Gregoratti (2020) as a geopolitical concept for examining the political and economic networks by frontier communities, nomadic tribes, client kingdoms, and merchants with Rome and Parthia while these states sought to expand their empires in frontier areas. Palmyra, somewhat situated between Rome and Parthia (Pliny, NH 5.88), and later as part of the Roman Empire in the mid-first century AD, was a focus for long-distance trade between west and east in the late Hellenistic and Roman periods. According to Gregoratti (2020) and Grout (2016), the Palmyrene temples served as marketplaces for long-distance trade, establishing both a conceptual and physical “Third Space” for merchants to engage in economic networking, while also interacting with the religious context of Palmyra. Analysis of Palmyrene structures, inscriptions and art related to Palmyra and Palmyrene religion in Palmyra itself, Dura Europos (Dirven, 2011), and Rome (Price, 2012) indicates that Palmyra was also a “Third Space” in religious terms. Both Palmyrene and non-Palmyrene worshippers would have travelled to Palmyra to offer their prayers to their deities, some in syncretic form, within the Palmyrene religious context (Seland, 2021; Raja, 2022). Beyond this analysis, the wider value of the “Third Space” in ancient studies is proposed, particularly in understanding the complexity of cultural interactions that led to “hybrid” cultures in Greco-Roman cities in the Near East.

The postcolonial concept the “Third Space” was introduced by Homi Bhabha (1994) to understand complex interactions among communities that share their socio-cultural contexts to establish relationships within spaces that may be both conceptual and physical. This paper proposes employing the “Third Space” to analyse the role of religious migration and mobility in cultural interactions in Roman Palmyra through archaeological evidence discovered within and beyond Palmyra. The “Third Space” in this context follows on its suggestion by Dr Leonardo Gregoratti (2020) as a geopolitical concept for examining the political and economic networks by frontier communities, nomadic tribes, client kingdoms, and merchants with Rome and Parthia while these states sought to expand their empires in frontier areas. Palmyra, somewhat situated between Rome and Parthia (Pliny, NH 5.88), and later as part of the Roman Empire in the mid-first century AD, was a focus for long-distance trade between west and east in the late Hellenistic and Roman periods. According to Gregoratti (2020) and Grout (2016), the Palmyrene temples served as marketplaces for long-distance trade, establishing both a conceptual and physical “Third Space” for merchants to engage in economic networking, while also interacting with the religious context of Palmyra. Analysis of Palmyrene structures, inscriptions and art related to Palmyra and Palmyrene religion in Palmyra itself, Dura Europos (Dirven, 2011), and Rome (Price, 2012) indicates that Palmyra was also a “Third Space” in religious terms. Both Palmyrene and non-Palmyrene worshippers would have travelled to Palmyra to offer their prayers to their deities, some in syncretic form, within the Palmyrene religious context (Seland, 2021; Raja, 2022). Beyond this analysis, the wider value of the “Third Space” in ancient studies is proposed, particularly in understanding the complexity of cultural interactions that led to “hybrid” cultures in Greco-Roman cities in the Near East.

1 ABSTRACT Decreasing fertility rates, ageing and the diversification of society can be seen as a 'mega trend' on a European scale. Although most of the cities are affected by these processes of socio-demographic change, the concrete local effects vary significantly, however. Urban mobility and planning policy is affected by these fundamental changes in society in various ways. Ageing and diversification of society particularly means that urban planning has to deal with new and manifold requirements and expectations. The paper provides an overview of the way selected European cities-Berlin, Copenhagen, London, Vienna and Zurich-react towards the challenges associated with socio-demographic change focussing on urban mobility and public space. Each of these cities has set the issue on the urban agenda during the last years and exhibits an interesting range of good practice examples focussing on different aspects of the issue (e.g. Demography Concept Berlin, London´s Mayor'...

Centrality is viewed as one of the most important functions of small towns in rural areas. In spatial scientific theory and spatial policy practice, the question of centrality is granted correspondingly great significance for the development of rural areas and 86 16 _ Ko m pen d i u m K lei n s ta dtfo r s ch u n g the small towns located in such areas. The article addresses centrality from an interdisciplinary perspective and critically considers the strongly normative nature of the discussion about centralities.

Seasonality of fertility pattern has been repeatedly reported in populations of many countries. The changes in this pattern are likely associated with different environmental and socio-demographic factors. In present study, an analysis of birth seasonality in Ukraine birth cohorts of 1960-2009, as well as trends of the seasonal patterns during this historical period has been carried out. In Ukraine in the 1960-1969 birth cohort, fertility had peaked in the beginning of the year (January). In subsequent birth cohorts, the peak of fertility was shifted to the later months of the year: in the 1970-1979 cohort fertility was peaked in June and in the cohorts 1980-2009-in July. The proportion of people born in the spring had gradually decreased, and those born in the fall, on the contrary, increased during this period. It is suggested that a change in the seasonal pattern of fertility is associated with changes in the seasonality of conception depending, in turn, on socio-cultural influences and their changes over the studied historical period.