Genre Analysis

This paper’s objective is to analyze Red Dead Redemption 2 as an example of the assimilation of the western genre in the recent production of open world third person action video games. The analysis is based on Genre Studies to comprehend the specificity and diversity of western forms in cinema. We identify, classify and comment on the way through which the game assimilates the genre conventions, highlighting its narrative aspects. The experience with the western in Red Dead Redemption 2 is different from the experience with a narrative film, but there are essential elements present in both experiences. The game itself is a form of western accomplished through the player agency.

John Carpenter –Genre Innovator

This paper deals with the work of John Carpenter. The main focus consists not only in the movies by Carpenter, but also in the director himself. This work aims to establish John Carpenter as an auteur and an independent original filmmaker. His work is closely related to different film genres. Genre film itself is considered as a field, where no place for director´s personality is left. Only strong persons like Howard Hawks or Alfred Hitchcock, for example, could deal with rules of the genre and
also imprint their own vision of the world on it. The first chapter called „Ustanovení Johna Carpentera jako auteura“ discusses the auteur theory, which was introduced by the french film
critics in the 1950s. The second chapter argues for Carpenter´s filmstyle. It brings nine points of his style and their specifications are analysed in detail in following chapters. These chapters are divided into three topical sub-chapters pointing out formal, narrative and thematical aspects of Carpenter´s style. The seventh chapter pays attention to the audience and their approach to Carpenter´s films as cult films and to Carpenter as a cult-director. Also an attached illustrated supplement, providing a number of examples of Carpenter´s visual thinking and image framing, is part and parcel of this paper.

I wish to express my heartfelt gratitude to my supervisor, Joseph Gafaranga who has pushed me to achieve more than I thought possible, for his invaluable support and advice throughout the preparation and unrelenting commitment during the writing of this thesis. I would also like to thank, Erik Schleef, for his advice and reassurance just when I needed it. Thanks also to Hugh Trappes-Lomax for his valuable insights when setting out on this path. For the feedback gained from the Language in Context group at the outset I am grateful for the advice and concerns expressed.

A kompetencia és a műfaj eddig többnyire elkerülték egymást a nyelvészetben: míg a kompetencia központi kérdésnek számít egészen a fogalom megszületésétől fogva, a műfaj periférikus szerepet kapott. A kompetenciafogalom kitágításával kezdetét vette egy olyan, egyre erősödő irányzat a nyelvészetben, ahol a nyelv használatát meghatározó nyelven kívüli tényezők, mint például a kontextus elemei bekerültek a nyelvészet érdekkörébe.

While the study of Mandarin Chinese intensifiers has been prolific, the methodologies used have been limited to comparative and grammaticalization studies, revealing little about the discourse-pragmatic usages of individual intensifiers. Utilizing a balanced corpus composed of 15 different prototypical genres, the associative strength of 12 commonly used intensifiers in each genre was statistically determined based on their frequency distribution. The results reveal a clear preference pattern of intensifiers across a range of “written” and “spoken”-based genres. Upon the premise that the genre preferences of intensifiers stem from matching dimensions of communicative intent/discourse context between genre and intensifier, genre-analysis was conducted to unveil the core “stances” each intensifier might possibly project. In conclusion, it is argued that genre-analysis based on empirical corpus data provides a valid alternative means to uncover seemingly “covert” aspects of language use.

This introduction provides an overview of past and current research on metadiscourse and highlights new research discourses emerging from the field. It starts by explaining how metadiscourse has evolved in the past 20 years and the reasons why it continues to fascinate researchers in professional and academic fields in a variety of disciplines and domains. It then focuses on the fact that as communication moves online and a variety of genres become digitalised, researchers active in metadiscourse are increasingly concerned with digital communication and are questioning or adapting well-established methodologies but also proposing new and much-needed perspectives on reflexivity. The field is undoubtedly in a flux, and new and interesting approaches and eclectic frameworks are emerging, some of which are contained in this very volume. The introduction ends with a brief presentation of the chapters that follow.

Today's mobile devices are equipped with a variety of tools that enable users to capture and share their daily experiences. However, designing authoring tools that effectively integrate the discrete media-capture components of mobile devices to enable rich expression-especially by children-remains a challenge. Evaluating such tools authentically, as they are being used in-situ, can be even more challenging. We detail a long-term, multimethod study on the use of StoryKit, a mobile storytelling application. By taking advantage of a public distribution channel, we were able to evaluate StoryKit's use on a scale beyond that usually found in lab settings or limited field trials. Our results show that StoryKit's simple but well-integrated interface attracted a high number of dedicated users in education contexts at all levels, including children with special learning needs. We include a discussion of the challenges and opportunities that similar "in the wild" studies hold for HCI research.

As part of a larger project on media identities and roles, this paper presents a methodological framework for the investigation of editorials' genre(s), ''genre'' being primarily defined in terms of the purpose of the text type. The methodological framework follows the first steps of Askehave and Swales' ''text-driven procedure for genre analysis'' (2001) and combines different types of analysis: complex speech acts representing the general line of argumentation, delimitation of the public spheres through the definition of the directives' addressees, positive and negative ATTITUDE values, and types of professional roles in which editorialists present themselves. The application of this framework to a corpus of Le Monde's editorials uncovered how the general structure of the editorials serves their stated purpose and more. Indeed, it revealed the concept Le Monde has of its role in the national, European, and international public spheres. It showed very clearly that Le Monde as a media is not only a place where some public sphere's interactions can take place, but also that it is a full participant in various public spheres with its own values and positions. The application of the proposed framework unveiled fragments of Le Monde's identity, but for a fuller description of its role(s), an enrichment of the framework is needed. #

In this paper, I discuss self presentation in online dating, specifically, online dating in Japan. I give particular attention to the question of how the design affordances of particular online dating apps help to partially structure how users construct their own profiles. Profile construction depends in part on what sort of fields have been provided for the user to fill in, as well as on which are mandatory, and which are optional. To some extent, norms of what a dating site is, or can be, or should be, structures the kinds of fields that designers add to the app, so that some are universal and inevitable (a name, age), while others are specific to particular sites and apps, and flexibility in filling out these fields varies. Profile construction also depends on what kinds of guidance are given to users when they create their profiles, upload pictures, or write profile text, whether in the form of rules or suggestions. Guidelines for acceptable pictures or measures of profile completion have an effect on the extent to which users fill out profiles, and what they put in them when they do. We can fruitfully analyze this as a kind of social "animation," (Silvio 2010), wherein multiple parties collaborate to produce the illusion of a single person or character. Here, users fill out profiles in collaboration with the site and its

Mother earth tied to the train tracks: The scriptive implications of melodrama in climate change discourse abSTracT This article examines the way climate change narratives have mobilized melodramatic frameworks, by examining An Inconvenient Truth (Guggenheim, 2006) as paradigmatic. It engages with recent scholarship that recuperates melodrama from the realm of the pejorative to observe how it structures political discourse and expands on that scholarship by introducing a performance studies methodology to examine how melodrama offers the broad outlines of a script that the would-be hero is asked to improvise within. The essay examines the tropes of melodrama – which include Manichaean dichotomies of good and evil, the implication that suffering is a marker of virtue, and the imperative of a dialectic of pathos and action – in order to analyse their implications for the potential to solve the impending tragedy of devastating climate change. This essay engages in close readings of performances struc-tured by generic scriptive discourse to argue that, for climate change activists, the forms that environmental narratives take, may communicate as much as the content of those narratives.

This course will examine the surreal, whimsical, grotesque, and weird films of director Tim Burton. We will come to know his body of work as a series of narrative, visual, and thematic preoccupations that have influenced a variety of film artists. Students can expect to examine a varied body of work from a mix of critical lenses, including class, race, gender, sexuality, and disability.

Driving research questions from the prevailing issues and interests and developing from them new theories, formulas, algorithms, methods, and designs, and linking them to the interests of the larger audience is a vital component of scientific research papers. The present article discusses outlining purposes or stating the nature of the present research, and listing research questions or hypotheses in the introduction of academic papers. This corpus-based genre study focuses particularly on Move 3 of the model " occupying the niche. " The results indicating disciplinary variation show that the writers of Computer Science (CS) research articles, over the years have developed an increased use of outlining purpose/stating the nature of the present research, having the characteristics of purposive, descriptive, extension of the previous work, contrast to the existing work, brevity, complexity , and a description of methodology. It also shows that listing research questions or hypothesis may have distinctively different functions in developing genres as compared to the established ones such as physics.

Academic dental abstracts play a pivotal role for readers to grasp the essence of scientific development in the world of dentistry as they particularly address on key information designated by dental researchers. However, the generic structures of Thai and international dental research article abstracts have not been investigated as a means of pedagogical implication in terms of English for Specific Purposes (ESP). This study aims to investigate generic structures of Thai and international dental research article abstracts and compare the results with respect to the linguistic features found within the two datasets. Two separate datasets of 120 abstracts were randomly selected and compiled from dental journals certified by Thai-Journal Citation Index (TCI) and Impact Factors (IF), respectively, were analysed by Kanoksilapatham's (2013) BPMRD nomenclature of abstract analysis. A set of linguistic features based on Pho's (2008) and Hyland's (2004) frameworks also reported to show linguistic variation in dental research article abstracts between Thai and international writers. The data shows that Move B is apparently disregarded by Thai writers while the others are comparatively similar. Regarding linguistic features, objective writing is more emphasised by Thai writers through the omission of self-reference pronouns and the lack of modalities. As international publication is a milestone for professional success in higher education, the results from this study can stress on a means of developing writing pedagogy that can be globally used within the academic discourse of dentistry.

The significant purpose of the author in the Introduction of a research article is to convince the reader about the importance of the work to be presented. To achieve this end, a convincing " niche " needs to be built by evaluating, rejecting or indicating gaps in previous related work. The purpose of " establishing a niche " is to emphasize the current research project presented by the author. The present paper investigates how Computer scientists use this obligatory step of " Create a Research Space " (CARS) model (Swales & Feak, 1994 & 2004) to highlight their own research work. This paper not only compares the results with other similar studies but also presents an in-depth analysis of various types of gap statements used in Computer Science research article Introductions. The issue of cyclicity of this step and the linguistic indicators used for the establishment of " niche " (the gap statements) are both discussed.

The increasing use of computer-held text corpora containing many millions of words has allowed linguists to establish lexico-grammatical patterns in language that were previously unavailable to observers. Such patterns range from lexical collocations and idioms to the phraseology of grammatical items. Recently, collocations of high frequency words in medical research abstracts and articles have been found to be useful indicators of the prototypical phraseology of the genre. In this article we characterize the phraseology of Introductions from a corpus of 150 cancer research articles. We explain the ®xedness and idiosyncratic nature of scienti®c phraseology in terms of discourse processes such as reformulation. We argue for the design of a representative and specialized corpus of the research article and a contextual approach to corpus work that is appropriate to the teaching of languages for speci®c purposes (LSP) and the ethnographic aims of genre analysis in general.

The urgency  of study  in students'  difficulties  has been described  clearly  by Streven  in
Lee  &  Tajino  (2008)  who  argues  that    possessing  the  ability    to  identify    and
understand  students'  difficulties    is a  necessary  condition    for  becoming  the  ideal
language  teacher.    It  suggests  that  teachers  need  to  investigate  their  students'
difficulties so they  could  aid their  students  and develop  themselves  as teachers.
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In academic  writing  area,  several  previous  studies  involving  surveys  (questionnaires
and  interviews)    and  case  study  have  revealed  that  students    often  experience
difficulties  in particular  genres  (See Abdul  & Sadeq 2006, AI-Abri  2008,  Bitchener  &
Basturkmen,  Lee & Tajino,  2008,  among  others).  Nevertheless,  only  a few  studies
include    analyses  of  actual    written    work    from    the    students.    The  students'
performance    in  academic  writing,    in  fact,  shows  their  ability  and  difficulties    in
writing,  especially  to  English-major  ones,  whose  grades  are  largely  determined    by
their  performance  in written  assignments,  academic  reports,  term  examinations  and
graduation  theses. Therefore,  although  teachers'  and  learners'  views  are insightful,
analyses  of  students'    performance    in  written    work  will  provide  an  additional
dimension  to  this  work,  and  should  clearly  be part  of  any  research  of this  kind  of
studies  (AI-Abri,  2008:7).
Hence, this  paper will  report  on a small part  of the  results of a study  in attempting  to
identify  students'  ability  and  difficulties    in  writing  a research  proposal  in  a state
university  in Indonesia.  The paper  will  centre  on the  students'  ability  and difficulties
in writing  an Introduction    chapter.  Applying  genre  analysis, the  study  has discovered
not  only  the  students'  ability  and their  difficulties,  but  also the  possible  solution  to
develop  their  ability  and to minimize  their  difficulties. Keywords:  Students' difficulties, research proposal writing, genre analysis

This article analyzes the recorded song choices of a variety of regional and inter/national conjunto artists, using social network visualizations to demonstrate an inverse relationship between location and techniques of modernism. In contemporary conjunto practices, original songs and external elements emanate primarily from younger, local artists, while national and international musicians instead stick closely to the classical style of the established tradition. As such, the classification of contemporary recordings as “conjunto” demonstrates the societal obstinance of essentialist stereotypes according to demographic characteristics. Despite recent narratives of increasing inclusivity in music and culture, such generic depictions indicate the persistence of participatory limitations for music based on ethnicity, class, location, and power.

Studies of genre and authorship seem beset by infighting and competition as critics try to find an absolute truth of theory with some advocating a unified approach. In this essay I attempt to show how John Carpenter's The Thing pulls these two fields together.

Cieľom príspevku je prostredníctvom relačno-klasifikačného náhľadu prezentovať prvky ustaľujúce aj narúšajúce žánrovú modelovú štruktúru weblogu. Príspevok približuje naznačené aspekty na synchrónnodynamickej osi, v súvislosti s modifikáciami weblogu ako špecifického komplexného typu komunikátu. Problematika je analyzovaná a interpretovaná cez prizmu interferujúcich formálnych, obsahových a grafických charakteristík, ktoré modifikujú základné vlastnosti žánru. Tie zároveň zo synchrónneho hľadiska v procese tvorby pôsobia na autora aktuálneho textu. Materiálovú základňu predstavujú texty slovenských weblogov zverejňovaných ,,izolovane“, ale aj na blogových portáloch fungujúcich pri veľkých slovenských denníkoch od roku 2004 po súčasnosť. Príspevok na základe usúvzťažnenia zistených tendencií vo vývine weblogu ako žánru s vplyvmi elektronického prostredia ako domovského areálu šírenia ponúka úvahy o možnostiach a podmienkach ďalšieho života weblogu.

Leer y escribir son herramientas de trabajo para muchos profesionales en las comunidades letradas en que vivimos. Ser un buen abogado, un buen ingeniero o un buen médico es, también, ser un buen lector y escritor de los textos propios de estas disciplinas.

Aspects of political language in the age of "post-democracy" and beyond
Editors: Luke Blaxill (University of Cambridge), Emilia Di Martino (Università Suor Orsola Benincasa)
Copy-editor: Jacqueline Aiello (New York University/Università di Napoli L'Orientale)
Foreword: John E. Joseph (University of Edinburgh)

First coined by Colin Crouch at the turn of the millennium, the term "post-democracy" was used to describe a coming age in which democratic institutions seemed strong, but their energy and effective power were in fact gradually being transferred to an oligarchic politico-economic elite. Opinion is divided on whether recent political events, not least the rise of anti-establishment 'populism' in the Western World, point to a further realization of a post-democratic order, or instead indicate that we have moved beyond it, in ways Crouch did not foresee. 

Although long recognized as inescapable, the interplay between language and politics has emerged at the fore of academic research only fairly recently. This has brought with it an attempt to forge a dedicated sub-discipline ("political linguistics"), encouraged a political approach to discourse, and promoted a new emphasis on interdisciplinarity, particularly between political science and linguistics. Recent political events, not least in 2016, have also seen renewed public interest in political language across the world.

It is exactly this emphasis on interdisciplinarity that we place at the heart of this issue of Textus, which welcomes Dr. Luke Blaxill, a British political historian working with political language corpora, to the editorial team, with a view to mutual enrichment and cross-pollination. He is especially eager to explore the intersection between language, history and political science, and to receive contributions which stretch disciplinary boundaries.

The volume sets out to focus on political discourse as used by politicians, representatives from political media, and political analysts, rather than the broader and more abstract political dimension of language use at large. It aims to offer Italian anglicists a shared locus for discussing a topic that is an object of inquiry for many of them and has already produced research studies of outstanding quality at an international level. We are especially interested in contributions that seek to explore the ways in which particularly controversial issues in recent years (for example immigration, the EU, unemployment, women and minority rights) have been articulated through language by politicians. We are also interested in the linguistic choices made to build consensuses, and those which seek to shift or redefine ideological positions (for example, a political rebranding designed to move a party or issue from extreme to mainstream).

The time frame we have selected for analysis is the last two decades of the twentieth century to the present day. The 1980s are often seen as marking the start of the slide towards "post-democracy" - i.e. the gradual move away from the centrality of welfare, and the emergence of a marketing citizenship model. Although "post-democracy" may be, both conceptually and in terms of chronology, a debatable issue, the label is used here as a linguistic shortcut to refer to the contemporary evolutions of political systems in the Western world.

We welcome contributions that address the following themes, which may be tackled with the (possibly combined) methods of sociolinguistics, corpus linguistics, genre analysis and critical discourse analysis:

- The effects of the digital revolution on political language;
- The language of political analysts;
- The style of public political rhetoric, both popular and parliamentary;
- Contemporary migrations of political terms and concepts from one language to another;
- The linguistic presentation of key (and especially controversial) political issues;
- The building of consensus;
- Language and political ideology.

Abstract submission deadline: 28th February 2017
Notification of acceptance: 15th March 2017
Preliminary papers to the editors: 30th June 2017
Revised peer-reviewed papers to the editors: 30th October 2017
Final versions from the editors to the publisher: 20th December 2017

The present study aimed to examine the rhetorical structure of the method sections of English and Persian research articles. To this end, 300 method sections were randomly selected from research articles published in established international English, Iranian local English, and
Iranian local Persian journals in Applied Linguistics from 2010 to 2016. Following Lim’s(2006) model, we analyzed the articles for the generic patterns in the method section. Findings showed that the writers of Persian research articles used a significantly greater number of moves
in developing the research method section than those of international and local English articles.Moreover, despite variations, there were similarities between international and Iranian local English journals in terms of utilizing moves and steps.

Genre analysis is among the core areas of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) and has been gradually gaining importance because it offers clear, to-the-point and fruitful implications in the field of ESP. The radical increase in the digitalisation helped genre studies be more specific and accurate. The participation of users to the Web as the content writers maximised the specificity of genres and online communities started to form their own sub-genres. Biography texts represent an excellent example of this. This study aims to make a genre analysis of the biography texts on the Internet Movie DataBase (IMDB) website which were created by the members of an online community. The texts were chosen from the biographies of the last 20 Oscar-Winning actors and actresses, and a corpus was compiled. Casañ-Pitarch's (2017) Analysis of Multi-Genre Structures (AMS) model was adopted to analyse the texts. According to the analysis results, a genre-based instruction as a part of an English for General Academic Purposes course was proposed.

Law reports are key texts for law students and so should be key materials for teachers of English for Academic Legal Purposes (EALP). However, there are problems with the use of law reports in the EALP classroom. Firstly, official law reports, as opposed to those that appear in newspapers, have a relatively restricted distribution. Secondly and more importantly, they are long, complex texts unfamiliar to most language teachers, and so the ways in which they should be used in the EALP classroom are not always obvious. One source of clarification is descriptions of law reports. However, most descriptions of the genre have been limited to official law reports, and these descriptions have only covered textual aspects of law reports. As a result, they have tended to overlook the impact of social and cultural elements in the way law reports are used by the legal discourse community. The current study addresses these issues in two ways. Firstly, it focuses on the more widely available newspaper law reports and, secondly, it offers a description which draws on Martin's English Text (1992) context of culture in order to identify important social and cultural factors and understand how they might be linked to textual factors. More specifically, as the main purpose for which law students read law reports is to identify the ratio decidendi, the study indicates how the lexico-grammar and text structure of newspaper law reports may guide the identification of the ratio decidendi.

Although participants in workplace encounters are primarily concerned with the accomplishment of certain workplace tasks, they nevertheless also orient to relational concerns. Research into naturally-occurring office conversations shows that such a relational orientation may be displayed in various types of interactional units, from longer stretches of talk down to individual turns. This article investigates smaller units of relationally-oriented talk referred to as 'relational sequences' or 'relational turns,' and attempts to account for these phenomena within task-oriented talk by combining a genre-theoretic approach with a conversation analytical description of the local management of talk-in-interaction. Relational sequences occur most frequently in making arrangements; and particular types of relational turns are identified within procedural and requesting discourse. The sequential analysis of selected extracts shows that the placement of relational sequences is extremely flexible. While some relational sequences occur as optional task evaluations towards the end of an encounter, they also occur as pre-sequences or side sequences between, or even during, various obligatory phases of the genre. The production of accounts occurred frequently within and as a trigger for relational talk, and such accounts, as well as other turn and sequence types, were found to perform a variety of relational functions, including face protection and identity negotiation. #

The curriculum reform in Hong Kong resulted in a change in the direction of academic English enhancement courses in the University of Hong Kong. The change involved the replacement of generic English for Academic Purposes (EAP) courses by English-in-the-discipline (ED) courses, one of which is ‘Writing Psychology: Text and Context’. It was offered in the 2013-14 academic year in hopes of helping students master various writing genres of psychology. A genre analysis approach (Bhatia, 1993; Swales, 1990) was adopted in course design with an aim of enhancing students’ awareness of the language forms of disciplinary-specific writing through exploring the linguistic and rhetorical features of various texts in psychology. After its first launch it was felt by course developers that the pedagogical benefits of the course could be maximized by a scrutiny of students’ competence in genre-based writing. This study therefore sets out to investigate the perceptions of psychology students’ major difficulties in writing, and to analyze their actual writing problems.

Consumers often base their choices to purchase experience goods like movies on online reviews. These reviews can be written by professional critics or by other consumers. However, little is known on the issue how the texts written by these two groups of reviewers differ. To answer this question, we conducted a genre analysis of online film reviews by analyzing and comparing the moves and strategies in online film reviews written by professional and consumer critics. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses show that these two groups of texts differ: Consumer critics mainly evaluate the movies and mostly write from a personal perspective. In contrast, reviews written by professional critics describe the movie instead of evaluating it. These results show that online reviews written by professional and consumer critics differ in terms of content which may have important implications for discourse on the Internet.

Chapter 1: The Problem and its Background

This chapter presents the research problem, the local and universal issues addressed by the study, the pedagogical, pragmatic, and cultural values of the study,  the research questions and their underlying assumptions and parameters, and definitions of key terms.

Patent claims define the protection scope of the intellectual property sought by the patent applicant or patentee. Broad claims are valuable as they can describe more expansive rights to the invention. Therefore, if these claims are too broad a potential infringer will more easily argue against them. But if the claims are too narrow the scope of protection of the intellectual property is greatly reduced. Patent claims have to be, on the one hand, determinate and precise enough and, on the other hand, as inclusive as possible. Therefore patent applicants must find a balance in the broadness of the scope defined by their claims. This balance can be achieved by the choice of words with a convenient degree of semantic indeterminacy, by the choice of modifiers or other strategies. In fact, vagueness in patent claims is a desirable characteristic for such documents. A quantitative and qualitative analysis of a corpus of 350 U.S. patents provides a promising starting point to understand the linguistic instruments used to achieve the balance between property claim scope and precision of property description. To conclude, some issues relating vagueness and pragmatics are suggested as a line of further research.

First person pronouns are a rhetorical strategy which allows researchers to perform different discourse functions in the text, through which they construct a convincing argument that persuades readers of the validity and novelty of their claims and of their own competence. In this paper I explore how Spanish EFL Engineering students use first person plural pronouns in multi-authored report writing. The paper examines the discourse functions of the pronoun we in a corpus of 55 reports written by Spanish students. The analysis shows that these students fail to understand how expert writers use these pronouns to construct their authorial identities as knowledgeable members of the community. Students are unaware of the conventionalised use of phraseological patterns involving we to perform specific functions in academic genres. The results clearly suggest the need for an approach to academic writing in higher education which combines genre analysis, expert corpora and learner corpora.

Grant proposals are a genre that all academics will have to come to terms with at some point of their career, usually the sooner the better. Yet, there has been very little research on their characteristic features and they are not included in most courses of academic writing. We seek to remedy some of this problem in this paper, which is based on a sample of 34 proposals from European Union (EU) research grant applications written mainly by Finnish-led research teams. Our approach draws on Swalesian genre analysis as well as a social constructionist theory of genre . In our analysis, we identified ten recurrent moves in the proposals, reflecting the generic affinity of grant proposals to both academic research papers ) and promotional genres (Bhatia, 1993, in addition to moves specific to the grant proposals genre. The results should benefit both genre research and the teaching of academic writing. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd

RESUMEN: Repertorio por orden alfabético de los principales géneros y modalidades líricas cultivados en la poesía hispánica, con ejemplos ilustrativos y referencias cruzadas.
ABSTRACT: A dictionary of the main genres and lyrical forms developed in Hispanic poetry, including illustrative samples and cross references.

"This paper presents CACA (computer-assisted corpus analysis) conducted by using a compiled representative corpus. As a descriptive study, it explores the written communicative events produced by engineers in the petroleum industry in Malaysia. Language use is commonly analyzed for competence and performance. Competence is best described as the internalized linguistic knowledge as acquired by the learners while the notion of “performance” is best defined as the external evidence of language competence. Therefore, the core of this paper is reflecting actual language use of the language learners in Malaysia. The data are drawn from a sample corpus compiled from the written communicative events in three companies of the petroleum industry in Malaysia. The methodology applied is fundamental as it tends to investigate the linguistic constitutions in the genre-specific corpus of the professional discourse produced. Computer-based syntactical studies are limited as they require hard work and long hours in order to key-in the data and then there is the complex analytic method of describing the findings. In contrast, this paper will demonstrate an uncomplicated method of analysis and also encourage the use of existing POS (part-of speech) tagging software available online.

Keywords: profesional discourse, written communicative events, move analysis, CACA (computer-assisted corpus analysis), petroleum industry"

Notwithstanding the voluminous literature devoted to research genres, more investigation needs to be conducted to demonstrate the pedagogical significance of studying linguistic features in relation to communicative functions. Motivated by a concern for the pedagogical applicability of genre analysis, this paper investigates the extent to which results of an analysis may be effectively employed for the second language acquisition of syntactic structures and lexical items commonly found in the Method sections of management research articles. On the basis of the data analyzed, I suggest that writing courses in tertiary institutions should be tailored to meet the needs of students encountering difficulties in associating linguistic features with communicative functions of academic texts. Using an innovative and comprehensi-ble approach to describing the steps under each rhetorical move, I have provided relevant materials that may be usefully exploited in the teaching of the genre specifications of the Method sections of management research articles. Despite the acknowledgment that no single model can be considered entirely appropriate for learners in different academic disciplines, reasons are given to explain why constituent steps should be investigated in sufficient detail if ESP teachers are to provide a pedagogically meaningful model for second language learners in a particular discipline.

Studies into the organization of information in the medical research paper have tended to present accounts of the structure of information in sections in isolation. The structure of information in all sections of the medical research paper was investigated using Swales ' (1981, 1990) genre-analysis model. An eleven-move schema was identified, out of which nine were found to be "normally required" and two "optional". Each schema was found to embody "constituent elements" and to be characterized by distinct linguistic features. The study provides insights into the nature of discourse organization in this genre of written discourse.

Research Letters (henceforth RLs) are short scientific papers reporting new and innovative research findings. Previous research has identified that they are shorter in terms of number of papers (Rutkowsky & Ehrenfest, 2012; Maci, 2008). However, studies have not focused on the generic structure of this genre, which is the concern of this article. This paper aims at investigating the organizational structure of RLs introductions and suggesting a model for their formation. The researcher resorted to

The present study examines the rhetorical structure of talks from TED conferences to explore the possibility of their being incorporated into the instruction of oral presentation in English-language classrooms. Drawing on the corpus-based move analysis approach, the study analyzes a corpus of 58 selected TED talks to tease out their shared structural features and the variations and flexibility embedded among them. The analysis proceeds by using a coding protocol, developed for this corpus by the researchers, to outline the rhetorical moves and structural elements. The analysis identifies seven major move types (and their respective component steps) and establishes a genre prototype based on move frequencies, lengths, associations, and patterns of occurrence. Meanwhile, the findings also highlight the influence of the form, objectives, and conventions of TED conferences on the rhetorical structure of the talks. This paper discusses the pedagogical applications of the findings in classroom instruction as well as other implications for future research.

[Abstract] Texture or textuality, a key notion in the field of discourse analysis, does not catch enough attention since its first mention by Halliday & Hasan (1976) in their cohesion theory. The concept of texture, albeit having been touched on by many scholars, is not fully elucidated. This paper firstly gives a review of the definition of texture. Then, it discusses the resources for creating texture. And most importantly, the paper talks about the theoretical positioning of texture and draws such a Conclusion that texture per se is an abstract and composite notion, an overall psychological atmosphere created by the interaction of multiple textual features or texturing resources. Intangible as texture is, we can concretely study and understand this notion via its manifestations such as cohesion, coherence, situationality and so on and so forth.

Genre analysis as a “meta-study” is a topic that has been deeply investigated in the field of applied linguistics, one of its more specific areas of interest being research article introductions (RAIs). However, there are still certain kinds of scholarly activity that have received relatively little attention in this regard, such as literary criticism. The paper presents and discusses the results of a small-scale study of the introductions of ten academic essays in this field. The paper’s aim is to see how Swales’ (1990) CARS model can be applied to the rhetorical structure of these RAIs. It is found that at the cost of certain modifications necessitated by the structure of the essays in the corpus, it is not impossible to analyze critical texts produced by scholars belonging in the latter area. The demonstration of this has significance in fulfilling a perceived need for literary criticism to be considered among those disciplines that are worthy of the attention of applied linguistic research.