Cup

Like all nation-states, the Balkan states have had their historical heroes. These heroes were mostly armed men fighting against Ottoman rule-such as Vasil Levski, Gotse Delčev, and Pavlos Melas-or poets and thinkers advocating the fight against the "Turkish yoke"-for example, Regas Velestinlis and Hristo Botev 1. One of their common characteristics is that they were all killed by the Ottoman authorities, either shot dead in combat or hanged by the Ottoman court. By the time of their death, they were young and generally had not had the opportunity to act as politicians. Consequently, they could be portrayed as honest fighters for independence over the course of nation-building process in the Balkans. Yane Sandanski, the subject of this paper, was a famous leader of the Inner Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO). He was considered a hero already during his lifetime. After the 1908 Revolution, he ceased the illegal armed movement and began to act as a politician in Macedonia 2. During the Balkan Wars, he returned to the illegal armed movement. Like many of his friends, he was assassinated by the Bulgarian nationalists in 1915 3. Yane Sandanski as a political leader in Macedonia in the era of the Young Turks Cahiers balkaniques, 40 | 2012 1. Yane Sandanski, 1910 Yane Sandanski as a political leader in Macedonia in the era of the Young Turks Cahiers balkaniques, 40 | 2012 Yane Sandanski as a political leader in Macedonia in the era of the Young Turks

Résumé
Cet article présente une coupe grecque du type "de Droop" ainsi que deux fragments - dont l'un a peut-être été attribué à tort à de la "Droop" - conservés dans les collections du musée d'Archéologie nationale (St-Germain-en-Laye). La coupe est importante par la rareté de son décor, tandis que les deux autres se distinguent par leur lieu de découverte, en dehors de la sphère habituelle des autres coupes de cette classe, importés en France au VIe s. av. J.-C.

Abstract
This article présents a greek cup called 'Droop cups' and two fragments - on of them has been probably attributed wrongly to Droop cups - held in the collections of the Musée d'Archéologie Nationale (St-Germain-en-Laye). The cup is important because of the rarity of its subject, while the two others distinguish themselves by their place of discovery, outside the habitual area of the others Droop cups belonging to this class, imported in France in the sixth century BC.

Joëlle Dalègre « Le plus beau rêve réalisé » « Le plus beau rêve réalisé ». « Un fait extraordinaire, inconnu, inouï, un fait unique dans l'histoire de l'Empire ottoman, dans l'histoire de tous les points du globe, s'est accompli dans notre ville ».

Optic nerve head (ONH) segmentation problem has been of interest for automated glaucoma assessment. Although various segmentation methods have been proposed in the recent past, it is difficult to evaluate and compare the performance of individual methods due to a lack of a benchmark dataset. The problem of segmentation involves segmentation of optic disk and cup region within ONH region. Available datasets do not incorporate challenges present in this problem. In this data paper, we present a comprehensive dataset of retinal images which include both normal and glaucomatous eyes and manual segmentations from multiple human experts. Both area and boundary-based evaluation measures are presented to evaluate a method on various aspects relevant to the problem of glaucoma assessment.

В работе анализируются восемь чернолаковых сосудов, обнаруженных в ходе исследования курганной группы «Водовод» у с. Глиное Слободзейского района на левобережье Нижнего Днестра в 2015, 2016 и 2018 гг. Одно из погребений содержало канфар, лекиф и солонку, три захоронения - по одному канфару, одно - поддон чернолакового сосуда. Еще в одном комплексе найдена чашка. Погребения датируются периодом от второй четверти IV в. до н. э. до рубежа IV-III вв. до н. э. При этом нередко время изготовления чернолакового сосуда и время совершения захоронения отличаются. С учетом малочисленности чернолаковых сосудов (канфаров, чашек, лекифов, солонок и др.) в скифских погребальных комплексах Северо-Западного Причерноморья публикуемые материалы дают возможность уточнить имеющиеся сведения о распространении этой категории греческого импорта в скифской среде. Кроме того, следы длительного использования на чернолаковых сосудов позволяют повышать датировку каждого конкретного комплекса, откуда они происходят.
The paper describes eight black-glazed vessels, found in the “Sluiceway” barrow group near Glinoe village, Slobodzeya district, on the left bank of the Lower Dniester in 2015, 2016 and 2018. One of the burials contained a kantharos, Lekythos, and a saltcellar; three graves contained one kantharos each, and the other - a base of a black-glazed vessel. A cup was found in another complex. The burials date from the second quarter of the 4th c. BC to the turn of the 4th and 3rd cc. BC. The manufacturing time of the black-glazed vessel and the time of internment are often different. This article ascertains the information about the distribution of this category of Greek import in the Scythian environment, given the small number of black-glazed vessels (kantharoi, cups, lekythoi, saltcellars, etc.) in Scythian funeral complexes of the North-West Black Sea Region. In addition, the traces of long-term use on black-glazed vessels make it possible to improve dating accuracy for each particular complex they originate from.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard for the detection of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions. However, current MRI techniques provide little information about the structural features of a brain lesion with inflammatory cell infiltration, demyelination, gliosis, acute axonal damage and axonal loss. To identify methods for a differentiation of demyelination, inflammation, and axonal damage we developed a novel mouse model combining cuprizone-induced demyelination and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. MS-like brain lesions were assessed by T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and magnetization transfer MRI as well as by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). T2-weighted MRI differentiated control and diseased mice, while T1-weighted MRI better reflected the extent of inflammation and axonal damage. In DTI, axonal damage and cellular infiltration led to a reduction of the axial diffusivity, whereas primary demyelination after cuprizone treatment was reflected by changes in radial but not axial diffusivity. Importantly, alterations in radial diffusivity were less pronounced in mice with demyelination, inflammation, and acute axonal damage, indicating that radial diffusivity may underestimate demyelination in acute MS lesions. In conclusion, the combined information from different DTI parameters allows for a more precise identification of solely demyelinated lesions versus demyelinated and acutely inflamed lesions. These findings are of relevance for offering individualized, stage-adapted therapies for MS patients.

Water points provide excellent sites for studying overgrazing effects on plant communities in dry areas. Distance from water can be considered like a surrogate of grazing pressure being high near the water and low away from it. The main aim of this study is to investigate overgrazing effects on acceptability of fodder plants along a grazing gradient around three natural watering points. To achieve this goal, we classified spontaneous plants according to their acceptability degree and we followed their cover, richness and density as well as the grazing value along a grazing gradient around these wells, using phyto-ecological studies during the spring 2004 and 2006. Main results show that very palatable plants (mainly constituted by annuals) are more dominant in both the closed and the more disturbed transect areas around wells. The unpalatable plants dominate sites with moderate disturbance around wells. Ligneous palatable species obviously have a lower degree of disturbance. During the studied seasons the grazing gradient around wells 1 and 2, the oldest ones, seemed to exert a feedback upon the grazing intensity.

Cervical lymph node metastases of squamous cell carcinoma from occult primary constitute about 2–5% of all patients with carcinoma of unknown primary site (CUP). Metastases in the upper and middle neck are generally attributed to head and neck cancers, whereas the lower ...

Radiostereometry is a well documented method to measure the polyethylene wear after total hip replacements. Wear is measured according to the point motion of the head center in relation to the polyethylene as the reference segment. Increasing head sizes and new cup materials may diminish visibility of markers deteriorating the segment and leading to study drop outs. Alternatively markers in the periacetabular bone may be easier to detect rendering this segment more stable. Our aim was to compare wear measurements against the cup, the acetabuluar bone and a calculated wear estimation including cup migration. A prospective randomized controlled trial comparing reverse hybrid with cemented total hip replacement was conducted. 31 patients had tantalum markers in the polyethylene and in the periacetabular bone making it possible to measure wear using both as reference segments. We used a uniplanar radiostereometric technique. Wear in the y-axis was overestimated by 53% when markers in the periacetabular bone were used (P<0.001). Proximal wear was 0.34 mm (95% CI of mean: 0.29-0.38) when using the polyethylene as the reference and 0.52 mm (95% CI of mean: 0.38-0.65) using the acetabular bone. Migration of the cup seemed to influence the wear calculations, overestimating wear when markers in the periacetabular bone were used as the reference segment. Wear measured with periacatebular bone markers is influenced by cup migration, overestimating wear measurements. We therefore recommend not using the acetabular bone as the reference segment.

We report a retrospective clinical and radiographic review of 107 consecutive primary total hip replacements, using the cemented Howse II prosthesis. The review concentrates on the long-term performance of the acetabular cup, which was designed with a cylindrical titanium metal backing and a polyethylene liner. In all the hips in the series, this cup was used with a modular titanium straight femoral stem and a 32-mm diameter titanium head. At a mean follow-up of 9.8 (7-11) years, 28 hips had already been revised and 10 others were recognized as clinical or radiographic failures. The indication for revision in 26 of the hips was aseptic loosening and the mean time to revision was 7.2 (3.7-10.9) years This metal-backed cup has only 42% survival at 10 years, which seems to be related to certain of its design features. These include an inadequate thickness of polyethylene sterilized by gamma irradiation in air, a lack of mechanical bonding between the liner and its metal shell, and the high wear rate from the use of a 32-mm titanium femoral head.

Berhane Fisseha. Model based assessment of potential impacts of climate change on the flow of the main headwaters of the Nile River: Equatorial Lakes Region and Blue Nile basins (Under the direction of Dr. Richard Anyah). Spatially and temporally detailed assessment of the hydrologic processes of the main sources of the Nile River headwaters (Blue Nile basin and Equatorial Lakes Region) is vital for basin-wide scale management to cope with the pressing water problems due to burgeoning populations, a growing demand for electricity, irrigation for food production v

Automatic retinal image analysis is emerging as an important screening tool for early detection of eye diseases. Glaucoma is one of the most common causes of blindness. The manual examination of optic disk (OD) is a standard procedure used for detecting glaucoma. In this paper, we present an automatic OD parameterization technique based on segmented OD and cup regions obtained from monocular retinal images. A novel OD segmentation method is proposed which integrates the local image information around each point of interest in multi-dimensional feature space to provide robustness against variations found in and around the OD region. We also propose a novel cup segmentation method which is based on anatomical evidence such as vessel bends at the cup boundary, considered relevant by glaucoma experts. Bends in a vessel are robustly detected using a region of support concept, which automatically selects the right scale for analysis. A multi-stage strategy is employed to derive a reliable subset of vessel bends called r-bends followed by a local spline fitting to derive the desired cup boundary. The method has been evaluated on 138 images comprising 33 normal and 105 glaucomatous images against three glaucoma experts. The obtained segmentation results show consistency in handling various geometric and photometric variations found across the dataset. The estimation error of the method for vertical cup-todisk diameter ratio is 0.09/0.08 (mean/standard deviation) while for cup-to-disk area ratio it is 0.12/0.10. Overall, the obtained qualitative and quantitative results show effectiveness in both segmentation and subsequent OD parameterisation for glaucoma assessment.

A study was begun in 1983 to determine the efficacy of a threaded acetabular cup. Fifty-five patients who had a total of sixty-eight threaded titanium cups had a complete clinical and radiographic evaluation yearly. Fifty-two of the arthroplasties had been primary and sixteen, revisions. The average duration of follow-up was six years (range, five to nine years). Seventeen cups had to be revised at an average of sixty-two months (range, twenty-seven to 108 months) after the index operation. Nine additional cups were loose and revision was pending at the most recent follow-up examination. Failure was defined as revision or pending revision. Thus, twenty-six (38 per cent) of the sixty-eight cups failed. Sixteen (31 per cent) of the fifty-two primary arthroplasties failed and ten of the sixteen revision arthroplasties failed. Radiographic changes that were evident in patients who had a failed cup consisted of superomedial migration of the cup with osteolysis in Zone 3, as classified by DeLee and Charnley. These radiographic changes preceded symptoms in most patients. Because of the high rate of failure of this acetabular component at six years, we believe that its use is not warranted.

Background and purpose Orientation of acetabular component, influenced by pelvic tilt, body position, and individual variations affects the outcome following total hip arthroplasty (THA). Currently available methods of evaluation are either imprecise or require advanced image processing. We analyzed intersubject and intrasubject variability of pelvic tilt, measured by sagittal sacral tilt (ST) and its relationship with acetabular component tilt (AT) by using a simple method based on standard radiographs. Materials and methods ST was measured on lateral radiographs of pelvis including lumbosacral spine obtained in supine, sitting, standing, and lateral decubitus position for 40 asymptomatic THA patients and compared to computed tomography (CT) data obtained in supine position. AT was measured on lateral radiographs (measured acetabular tilt: MAT) in each position and compared to measurement of AT on CT and an indirectly calculated AT (CAT). Results Mean ST changed from supine to sitting, standing, and lateral decubitus positions as follows: 26.5 ± 15.5° (range 4.6–73.4°), 8.4 ± 6.2° (range 0.6–24.5°), and 13.4 ± 8.4° (range 0.1–24.2°; p < 0.0001, p = 0.002, p = 0.006). The MAT on radiographs was not significantly different from the MAT measured on CT (p = 0.002) and the CAT (p = 0.06). There is a good correlation between change in ST and MAT in sagittal plane (r = 0.93). Conclusion Measurement of ST on radiographs is a simple and reliable method to track changes in pelvic tilt in different body positions. There is significant intersubject and intrasubject variation of ST and MAT with postural changes and it may explain causes of impingement or instability following THA, which could not be previously explained.

To enter cells, enveloped viruses use fusion-mediating glycoproteins to facilitate the merger of the viral and host cell membranes. These glycoproteins undergo large-scale irreversible refolding during membrane fusion. The paramyxovirus parainfluenza virus 5 mediates membrane merger through its fusion protein (F). The transmembrane (TM) domains of viral fusion proteins are typically required for fusion. The TM domain of F is particularly interesting in that it is potentially unusually long; multiple calculations suggest a TM helix length between 25 and 48 residues. Oxidative cross-linking of single-cysteine substitutions indicates the F TM trimer forms a helical bundle within the membrane. To assess the functional role of the paramyxovirus parainfluenza virus 5 F protein TM domain, alanine scanning mutagenesis was performed. Two residues located in the outer leaflet of the bilayer are critical for fusion. Multiple amino acid substitutions at these positions indicate the physical properties of the side chain play a critical role in supporting or blocking fusion. Analysis of intermediate steps in F protein refolding indicated that the mutants were not trapped at the open stalk intermediate or the prehairpin intermediate. Incorporation of a known F protein destabilizing mutation that causes a hyperfusogenic phenotype restored fusion activity to the mutants. Further, altering the curvature of the lipid bilayer by addition of oleic acid promoted fusion of the F protein mutants. In aggregate, these data indicate that the TM domain plays a functional role in fusion beyond merely anchoring the protein in the viral envelope and that it can affect the structures and steadystate concentrations of the various conformational intermediates en route to the final postfusion state. We suggest that the unusual length of this TM helix might allow it to serve as a template for formation of or specifically stabilize the lipid stalk intermediate in fusion.

Pelvic tilt and rotation can drastically affect the apparent cup orientation on conventional anteroposterior pelvic radiographs. It was hypothesized that nonstandardized radiographic cup version and abduction can differ significantly from the corresponding anatomic angles if not measured to the anterior pelvic plane, defined by the pubic tubercles and the anterior superior iliac spine. Differences in preoperative and postoperative pelvic orientation and their influence on radiographic measurements of the two angles were analyzed. Conventional radiographs and preoperative and postoperative computed tomography scans of 37 total hip arthroplasties were compared. Calculations were made with the preoperative planning station of a computer navigation system. Significantly smaller values of cup version were seen on nonstandardized radiographs, whereas abduction could be measured reliably when referenced to horizontal pelvic landmarks seen on radiographs. The underlying cause for this difference was the variation of pelvic tilt that ranged 27 degrees (range, -7 degrees -20 degrees). Influence of pelvic tilt on the apparent cup orientation can be seen with simple nomograms. The orientation of the anterior pelvic plane before and after surgery did not differ. We think that version measurement on nonstandardized radiographs without anatomic referencing is highly inaccurate. Diagnostic study, Level II-1 (development of diagnostic criteria on basis of consecutive patients--with universally applied reference &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;gold&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; standard). See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

AIM: Measurement of the acetabular cup orientation is critical in patients after total hip arthroplasty (THA). One important measurement is the acetabular abduction angle. The purpose of the present study was to compare the measurements of the acetabular abduction angle using radiographic analysis software with the measurements made by computed tomography (CT) analysis software. METHODS: CT scans and radiograph exams were performed on 150 patients after THA. The acetabular abduction angle was measured from CT using CT-based image analysis software and from radiographs using the dedicated measurement tools of digital radiographic software. RESULTS: The two measurement systems showed no significant difference in the calculation of the acetabular abduction angle (0.35±5.41°; p=0.425) and a moderate correlation was found between the two methods (r=0.619; p<0.001). DISCUSSION: Digital radiographic software provides an accurate and precise measurement of the acetabular abduction angle.

Ce document a été généré automatiquement le 6 juillet 2021. Cahiers balkaniques est mis à disposition selon les termes de la Licence Creative Commons Attribution-Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale 4.0 International. Le révolutionnaire qui alluma la mèche : Ahmed Niyazi Bey de Resne Cahiers balkaniques, 40 | 2012 Le révolutionnaire qui alluma la mèche : Ahmed Niyazi Bey de Resne Cahiers balkaniques, 40 | 2012 10 Car, avant le sultan, le soldat doit aimer sa patrie, obéir à la loi et Ahmed Rıza invite les généraux écoutés, à l'intérieur comme à l'extérieur du pays, à se réunir et à envoyer des pétitions au sultan et, si nécessaire, à jeter leur épée. 11 C'est dans cet esprit qu'Ahmed Niyazi est formé. Né en 1873, d'un notable albanais, Abdullah Aga, à Resne (Resen), ville située sur la rive nord du lac Prespa à la jonction

ABSTRACT
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