Crustacean Biology

Eggs of 20 females were sampled to analyze lipid, protein, and carbohydrate content during the embryonic development of Cherax quadricarinatus. Sampling was performed on recently spawned eggs to first juvenile stage. Ten eggs were sampled every 48 h during the first two weeks and every 72 h thereafter for biochemical analysis. Total proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates were measured. Proteins were the most abundant egg component (63.2%), followed by lipids (32.3%), and carbohydrates (4.4%). A steady decrease of lipid content was observed ( y 5 895.38 2 9.93x, r 2 5 0.94; y 5 lipid concentration, x 5 days). For proteins, two different depletion rates were observed, with the initial rate maintained for 30 days ( y 1 5 1,443.0 2 4.46x 1 , r 2 5 0.90) and an increased depletion rate after hatching ( y 2 5 1,936.60 2 21.10x 2 , r 2 5 0.96). Carbohydrates were always present as a minor constituent, and its concentration did not change significantly. Water content increased from 52% in recently spawned egg to 85% in juveniles. Energy equivalents were calculated from each component, and the overall energy expenditure is represented by the equation y 5 13.86 2 0.11x (r 2 5 0.95). Relevant morphological features for each sample day are indicated.

We conducted a study on the biology of mantis shrimp Harpiosquilla raphidea collected from a mudflat at the mouth of Tungkal River, Jambi Province, Indonesia. Some biological information is described such as sex ratio, size frequency distribution of the population, and gonad maturity stage of females. Gonad development was also observed in a laboratory. The results showed that for the entire population, the sex ratio was female biased. Three stages of gonad maturity occurred in the population indicating continual breeding. Based on the laboratory observation, shrimp collected from the field started to develop gonad within two weeks.

The fishery survey of the REVIZEE program was carried out along the central Brazilian slope between latitudes 11º -
22ºS. This batimetric zone is scarcely explored and known along the Brazilian coast which leads to a high number of new
Crustacea records for Brazil. A total of 147 species of Crustacea were identified, being 17 sessile or parasites and 129
free living. In the first case there are nine sessile species of the infraorder Cirripedia, which includes two Lepadomorpha;
two Scalpellomorpha, five Verrucomorpha and eight parasitic species of the superorder Peracarida including five
Amphipoda and three Isopoda. From these 17 species, 11 are new records for Brazil. The other 129 free living species
are distributed in 39 families between the class Malacostraca as follows: two Stomatopoda; nine Peracarida; two
Euphausiacea; 27 Dendrobranchiata; 38 Caridea; six Achelata; five Astacidea; four Polychelida; 17 Anomura; and 19
Brachyura. Economic important species of Aristeidae were found. Aristeus antennatus is a new record for Brasil, and Aristaeomorpha foliacea, Aristaeopsis edwardsiana and Aristeus antillensis have its records expanded until Bahia and or
Espírito Santo. From these 129 species, 39% are new records for the Brazilian coast and 31% are new records for the
study area, totalizing 70% of new records. A total of 17.874 free living crustaceans, being 13.885 from Bahia I campaign
and 3.989 from Bahia II campaign were sampled. In the campaign Bahia I, the pelagic oplophorid Janicella spinicauda
dominate on the samples with a high percentual abundance of 73.66% followed by Euphausia sp. (6.99%) and other
species with a lower value. In the campaign Bahia II only demersal sampling were made and Benthesicymus sp. has the
higher abundance rate of 13.99% followed by Munida longipes (12.26%), Penaeopsis serrata (6.57%), Nematocarcinus
sp. (5.92%), Acanthephyra eximia (4.34%) and others. The family that presents the highest CPUE value in the entire
slope was Benthesicymidae. An increase of abundance from the 200-300 m, with greatest values at 500 m, a slightly
decrease until 1200 m and drop from this depth was observed. Relating the diversity (Shannon-Weaver) and species
richness to depth, was concluded that both variables increase from the continental shelf to the slope until 1800 m. The
correspondence analysis showed three species associations related to depth that define the slope zonation in: upper
slope (continental edge to 500 m); middle slope (500-900 m) and lower slope (900-2076 m). The collection made by the
REVIZEE program -Central region is an important step in the improvement of the knowledge of deep sea Brazilian
Crustacea fauna. This environment is still considered remote and poorly known, although it has a huge potential resource
to be explored by man. Thus, the understanding of the natural processes and a long term conservation of the deep sea
are one of the great challengers of our time to be achieved.

This study was conducted to better understand the habitat requirements and environmental limiting factors of Syncaris pacifica, the California freshwater shrimp. This federally listed endangered species is native to perennial lowland streams in a few watersheds in northern California. Field sampling occurred in Lagunitas and Olema creeks at seasonal intervals from February 2003 to November 2004. Ten glides, five pools, and five riffles served as fixed sampling reaches, with eight glides, four pools, and four riffles located in Lagunitas Creek and the remainder in Olema Creek. A total of 1773 S. pacifica was counted during this study, all of which were captured along vegetated banks in Lagunitas Creek. Syncaris pacifica was most numerous in glides (64%), then in pools (31%), and lastly in riffles (5%). According to logistic regression analysis, S. pacifica was mostly associated with submerged portions of streambank vegetation (especially overhanging vegetation such as ferns and blackberries, emergent vegetation such as sedge and brooklime, and fine roots associated with water hemlock, willow, sedge, and blackberries) along with low water current velocity and a sandy substrate. These seemingly favorable habitat conditions for S. pacifica were present in glides and pools in Lagunitas Creek, but not in Olema Creek.

Marine mole crabs (Emerita emeritus) belong to a small genus of crustacean species. They are edible and could be developed to meet human nutritional needs. We determined the effects of various processing methods including boiling, steaming, and grilling on morphology and nutritional contents, and determined the optimal processing method. Fresh and processed marine mole crab samples were
analyzed for their proximate, mineral, fatty acid, cholesterol, and amino acid compositions. Mole crabs are typically gray and have an oval body with a carapace length of 29.29 mm, a telson length of 20.78 mm, a telson width of 10.10 mm, and a weight of 7.34 g. They contain 74.90% moisture and 25.1% dry
matter (38.52% protein, 8.76% fat, 35.63% ash, and 17.08% carbohydrate). The three processing methods had significant (p < 0.05) effects on the proximate, micro-mineral and saturated fatty acid. In contrast, they had no significant (p > 0.05) effects on the macro-mineral, total fatty acid, poly and
monounsaturated fatty acid, total cholesterol, total amino acid and amino acid composition of the samples. Steaming was the optimal processing method yielding 25.00 g/100 g amino acids, 11.04 g/100 g minerals, 71.86 g/100 g fatty acids, and 2.11 g/100 g cholesterol

Udang penaeid merupakan komoditas perikanan udang yang umum tertangkap di perairan Aceh Timur. Pengelolaan perikanan udang dengan pendekatan ekosistem membutuhkan informasi terkait kebiasaan makanan udang dan interaksinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kebiasaan makanan dan interaksi trofik komunitas udang penaeid di perairan Aceh Timur. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada April dan September tahun 2014-2015 serta April 2016 di perairan Aceh Timur. Contoh udang diperoleh dari tangkapan mini beam trawl dan hasil tangkapan nelayan. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan indeks bagian terbesar, tingkat trofik, luas relung dan interaksinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan komunitas udang penaeid di perairan pantai Aceh Timur terdapat sekitar 20 jenis udang pada stadia yuwana hingga dewasa. Kebiasaan makanan pada 8 jenis udang penaeid dominan berbeda tergantung spesiesnya dengan makanan utama berupa krustasea, detritus dan moluska. Interaksi trofik menunjukkan terdapat peluang kompetisi yang tinggi antara Penaeus monodon dengan Penaeus sp., Fenneropenaeus indicus, F. merguiensis dan Parapenaeopsis stylifera coromandelica serta Metapenaeus brevicornis dengan M. ensis karena memanfaatkan sumberdaya makanan yang sama.
KATA KUNCI: Udang Penaeid, kebiasaan makanan, intraksi trofik, Aceh Timur

Phytoplankton biodiversity in the Parambikulam-Aliyar irrigational canals (Latitude 10º15'and 10º30' N and Longitude 76º50' and 77º10' E), Tamilnadu, South India were studied at five stations (S1-S5), Kulanaickenpatti canal (S1), Seelakkampatti canal (S2), Poosaripatti canal (S3), Kongalnagaram canal (S4) and Pethappampatti canal (S5). Totally 22 species of phytoplankton, of which 9 species of Cyanophyceae (blue green algae), 7 species of Chlorophyceae (green algae) and 6 species of Bacillariophyceae (diatoms) were recorded. The total number of species recorded in each station was found to be in the following order, S1 > S2 = S5 > S4 > S3 (20, 15=15, 12 and 8 respectively). Therefore, diversity vise, S1 was superior with more number of species and S3 was inferior with less number of species. As appreciable number of phytoplanktons species were recorded in these irrigational canals, they can be utilized for inland aquaculture purposes if manages properly.

Information about reproductive biology is significantly needed in management of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) fishery. This research informs spatial and temporal sex ratio, gonadal development, gonado somatic index (GSI) and first size sexual maturity of male and female crab, as well as crab spawning season in Lasongko Bay, Southeast Sulawesi. Crab collection were conducted with gillnet in five different types of habitat. Gonadal development of crab was examined by their color and morphological characters. Sex ratio was analyzed of χ 2 test, and gonadal development proportion of male and female crabs were described. Gonado somatic index (GSI) among stations were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and followed by Tukey's test. Sex ratio of crabs spatially and temporally of generally did not differ significantly from 1:1. Gonad developments of male and female crab were varied spatially and temporally. GSI at every gonad development stage of male and female crabs generally was not significantly different among stations. GSI of male crab was smaller than the female crab. The first sexual maturity size of male and female crabs were 109.8 mm carapace width (CW) and 115.7 mm CW, respectively. The crab spawned in Lasongko Bay the whole year, and three peaks of spawning season were detected.