Clmate Change

This study focuses on the pattern of changes in climatic norms in the coastal areas of Sindh whose vulnerability  is  reflected  by a number of severe climatological events that has not only influenced physical and biological environments of the area but has also responsible for serious socioeconomic problems. In order to interpret  climatological  impacts,  both  remote  sensing and ground-truth measurements were employed. The metrological parameters used in the study were minimum temperature, ii, maximum temperature and the rainfall. The effect of these on available water resources, vegetation cover, land mass and dry land and degradation of Indus delta were examined. Yearly mean maximum temperature fluctuated between 32.3 to 35.1°C, while that of minimum mean temperature ranged between 18.8 to 20.8°C which revealed that mean minimum temperature was towards higher side. The average rainfall was quite low and the area is facing severe drought since last 3 decades with occasional cloud burst. The water bodies on an average comprise of an area of 5806.894 sq km. during 1972 to 2010. Overall marked reduction in water resources was observed that’s further supplemented the idea of severe drought prevails in the area. Mean vegetation cover of the study area from the period 1972 to 2010 was 1957. 64 sq. km. The minimum vegetation cover was in2000 while the maximum vegetation cover was observed in 2006. Except from 1988 and 1990 marked reduction in the vegetation cover has been seen. Changes is climatic pattern have resulted in dramatic changes in the vegetation. Species diversity has been reduced considerably and currently the vegetation is dominated by salt tolerant shrubs. It was found that family Chenopodiaceae and Tamericaceae were the largest families having greater abundance. A gradual increase in land mass area has been observed from 2006 to 2010 that’s shows total increment of 73.69%. However, from the data it has been depicted that the area would experience marked increase in barren land due to shortage of water and erratic rainfall pattern. The data further disclosed that the coast line is degraded at a distressing rate and the net coastline degradation from the period 2006 to 2013 was found to be 57.85 sq. km. The degradation of Indus delta is mainly due to reduced flow at downstream which allow accelerated sea water progression. The study reveals that the climatological variabilities are responsible for depletion of environmental resources that are exacerbating socioeconomic problems with increased level of poverty.

Three posters map climate communication by means of a timeline, an actor’s network and a strategy map. The Climate Timeline visualizes the historical processes and events that have lead to the growth of various ways of communicating climate change. The Network of Actors illustrates relationships between actors participating in climate communication in Canada, United States and the United Kingdom. The Strategy Map will display various rhetorical devices, methods and types of actions. Together the posters offer an overview of how climate change is communicated in the public realm by contextualizing events, actors and strategies within five discourses: climate science, climate justice, ecological modernization, neoliberalism and climate contrarianism.

In Malaysia, there is a declining trend in agricultural productivity and crop yields due to various climate events in the recent years. Therefore, this study aims to examine the impacts of climate change, especially El Nino and flood, on the financial performance of Malaysian agro and plantation firms. The study used a panel data set on 33 Malaysian agro and plantation firms listed in Bursa Malaysia for the period of 2003 to 2016. A panel of regression models including GMM, Pooled OLS, Random Effect and Fixed Effect were used to analyze the data. The results show that both the El Nino and flood have significant negative impact on the firms' financial performance as measured by ROA and ROE. The findings indicate that climate change results in reduction of agricultural production which reduces revenue and consequently the profit of the agro and plantation firms. The study findings might help the firm managers as well as policy makers to take into consideration the environmental factors that affect the overall financial health of the firms and take appropriate adaptation and mitigation policies to climate change at firm level and macro level in the country.

Using Fairclough’s (1992) three dimensional approach to critical discourse analysis and Dryzek’s (2013) concepts of discourse, the article at hand analyses the 511- word address of His Royal Highness Prince Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa, the Crown Prince and Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Bahrain, at the 26th UN Climate Change Conference (COP 26) held in Glasgow, Scotland on November 2, 2021. Climate change is one of the most pressing issues facing mankind today. As such, it requires swift and drastic action from both global leaders and global corporations, right down to individuals. Since the late nineties, many climate change communication analysts have employed discourse analysis, which is an an interdisciplinary field of inquiry, to unveil the ideological dimensions of stakeholders’ beliefs and the dissemination of climate change-related information.

Si tratta della mia tesi magistrale, in cui svolgo un'indagine genealogica sul concetto di Antropocene, intendendo il suo stesso significato come un campo di battaglia. Riporto qui l'indice, se si è interessate/i, contattarmi qui o al mio indirizzo mail.

The way that carbon accounting is done greatly influences the value attributed to maintaining tropical forests. Accounting choices will be determining factors in the role that Brazil's Amazon forest plays in global mitigation efforts and in the role that funds from mitigation will play in redirecting the course of history in Amazonia. Critical decisions include the form of accounting (stocks versus flows) that are applicable under different circumstances, baselines for establishing additionality, and the restrictions and adjustments (including discounting to attribute value to time) applied to reflect differences in permanence, leakage and uncertainty. None of these problems is insurmountable, but addressing them will require both academic effort and the political courage of decision-makers to act on available information.

Paleolimnological data are presented on Holocene climatic changes in Lake Blanca, a small (0.6 km 2 ), coastal fresh waterbody in southern Uruguay. Using a sediment core that extended to 7,300 year BP, analyses of pooid, panicoid and chloridoid phytoliths (Poaceae) allowed us to identify 16 Opal Phytoliths Association Zones (OPAZ). Both temperature and humidity indices were calculated from relative percentages of opal phytoliths and the climatic trends were inferred. During the early Holocene, prior to the first Holocene marine transgression ($8,000-7,000 yr BP), cool-arid climatic conditions were inferred. After the first Holocene transgression, predominance of cool-humid condi-tions was registered until about 4,000 yr BP. A transition from cool-semiarid/arid to alternate warmtemperate and humid-very-humid conditions was detected for $4,000-1,000 yr BP. Increases in trophic state were observed because of such a climatic amelioration. After $1,000 yr BP, a shift from warm to temperate and cool temperatures was inferred. Such a cooling episode was assigned to a ''LIA'' which took place by the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century. A decrease in trophic state was observed during this climatic deterioration. After such a little ice age, present temperate humid conditions were established. The humidity indices calculated from relative percentages of opal phytoliths for the last $70 years were compared to annual rainfall data. Such a comparison showed that opal phytoliths are reliable indicators of humidity.

El objetivo central de la Revista de Relaciones Internacionales de la UNAM es difundir trabajos académicos
e investigaciones en el área de Relaciones Internacionales, con el fin de contribuir al desarrollo del
conocimiento sobre los distintos ámbitos que conforman la realidad internacional, así como
aportar a los debates teóricos y empíricos de vanguardia que tienen lugar a nivel mundial.

Nepal has a negligible share of global Green House Gases (GHGs) emission. However, amidst sluggish economic growth rate, the emission is increasing at significantly higher rate compared to its fast growing neighboring economies like China, India and Bangladesh. This higher growth rate of emission is mainly due to the constantly increasing use of fossil fuels, emission from livestock, and use of nitrogen fertilizer. Sector-wise emission shows that agriculture and forestry are two most important sectors contributing almost ninety percent of the total emissions. Hence, any mitigation effort in Nepal should consider these two sectors, which are also the most important sectors for poor people. Consequently, intervention in these sectors will help to build rural community's resilience to Climate Change (CC). Increase in temperature and variable rainfall pattern have a negative direct influence on water resources at the highest level followed by agriculture, forest, and health sectors of the country. Increased risk of Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) and higher variability in run-off will adversely affect livelihood assets. Crop loss due to flooding, inundation, landslide, and drought is a common phenomenon in Nepal causing reduced production of major crops. Nepal is experiencing depletion of forest land due to landslides, floods, water erosion, and forest fires. The spread of vector-borne disease in the new regions as a consequence of CC is the major challenge in the health sector. Being signatories of major international legislations related to CC, Nepal has a prospect to generate revenue through mitigation effort, which could be used to deal with adverse impact caused by CC. Alternative energy promotion, forest management, and agricultural practice are potential areas, which can generate revenue from carbon trading. All these prospective areas have multiple functions of mitigation, adaptation as well as economic empowerment of the vulnerable section of the population. Therefore, a proactive role of Nepal in international forum with adequate research and development to incorporate these aspects in international negotiations and capacity development of its own in the field is very crucial to deal with the adverse impacts of CC and meet its overarching goal of poverty reduction as well. In addition, further research on the impact of climate variables on agriculture based on the historical evidence as well as livelihood of rural poor based on the household level data is recommended.

New Zealand is often seen as a leader when it comes to environmental policies. However, the decision taken by its government at the 2012 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Doha to walk away from a legally-binding cap on greenhouse gas emissions was heavily criticised. Official data about the New Zealand Emission Trading Scheme (NZ ETS), released on 17 September 2013, confirmed both deficiencies in policy design and a lack of domestic effort to reduce emissions. Ironically, New Zealand’s lack of international commitment may be good news for the NZ ETS, which has lost credibility in recent years.

Earth's climate is always changing and the world is heating up. The increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere are causing the planet's climate system to retain more energy and therefore global warming. The main cause of global warming is anthropogenic. As a consequence, the dangers become big for our native plants, animals and humans as well. Nowadays, global warming and climate change are imparting an insurmountable challenge for the entire biota including humans. Natural ecosystems are one of our most precious resources, critical for sustaining life on the Earth. Healthy ecosystems and rich biodiversity are fundamental to life on our planet for sustainable development. Climate change is already influencing every region on Earth, in multiple ways. Some of such influences of climate change on the balanced ecosystem, biodiversity and sustainable development are discussed here.

ABSTRACT The phenology of the family Asteraceae in four habitat types (dry grassland, wet grassland, cultivated land and roadside) within three selected districts, that is, Kampala, Migyera and Nakasongola were studied for 1 year (2002). Flowering is partly dependent on mean annual rainfall. In all the habitats, flowering occurs throughout the year, but with a peak between August and November. Troughs in flowering occurred during the beginning of the wet season. The flowering season mainly starts between July and August and ends between January and February. Fruiting is independent of mean annual rainfall, but dependent on seasonal rainfall. Fruiting occurs throughout the year with a peak between August and October and low species fruiting between January and April.

In the last decades droughts, deforestation and wildfires have become recurring phenomena that have affected both human activities and natural ecosystems in Amazonia. The time an ecosystem requires to recover from carbon losses is a crucial metric to evaluate disturbance impacts on forests. However, the factors influencing and controlling the recovery time and its spatiotemporal patterns at the regional scale are still poorly understood. In this study, we combined forest growth model, remote sensing and field plots, to map Amazonia-wide (300-ha resolution) impact and recovery time of aboveground biomass (AGB) after drought, fire and a combination of logging and fire. Our simulated results indicate that AGB decreases by 4%, 19% and 46% in forests disturbed by drought, fire and logging + fire, respectively, with an average AGB recovery time of 27 years for drought, 44 years for burned and 63 years for logged + burned areas and with maximum values reaching 184 years in areas of high fi...

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la percepción sobre riesgos a la salud y el bienestar asociados al cambio climático, a partir de las experiencias cotidianas de vivir en un contexto de marginación y pobreza urbana. La perspectiva metodológica fue de carácter cualitativo y de cohorte etnográfico, cuya principal fuente de información fueron entrevistas semiestructuradas a los padres y madres de familia, habitantes de El Colli, ubicado en Zapopan, Jalisco, México. Concluimos que las particularidades regionales a escala local enfrentan impactos específi cos asociados al cambio climático según las condiciones desiguales de vulnerabilidad entre la población y la ocurrencia de eventos riesgosos. Así, sostenemos que los referentes teórico-metodológicos que consideren el conocimiento local son clave para propi ciar medidas de adaptación encaminadas al bienestar social.

Paleolimnological data are presented on Holocene climatic changes in Lake Blanca, a small (0.6 km 2 ), coastal fresh waterbody in southern Uruguay. Using a sediment core that extended to 7,300 year BP, analyses of pooid, panicoid and chloridoid phytoliths (Poaceae) allowed us to identify 16 Opal Phytoliths Association Zones (OPAZ). Both temperature and humidity indices were calculated from relative percentages of opal phytoliths and the climatic trends were inferred. During the early Holocene, prior to the first Holocene marine transgression ($8,000-7,000 yr BP), cool-arid climatic conditions were inferred. After the first Holocene transgression, predominance of cool-humid condi-tions was registered until about 4,000 yr BP. A transition from cool-semiarid/arid to alternate warmtemperate and humid-very-humid conditions was detected for $4,000-1,000 yr BP. Increases in trophic state were observed because of such a climatic amelioration. After $1,000 yr BP, a shift from warm to temperate and cool temperatures was inferred. Such a cooling episode was assigned to a ''LIA'' which took place by the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century. A decrease in trophic state was observed during this climatic deterioration. After such a little ice age, present temperate humid conditions were established. The humidity indices calculated from relative percentages of opal phytoliths for the last $70 years were compared to annual rainfall data. Such a comparison showed that opal phytoliths are reliable indicators of humidity.

The phenology of the family Asteraceae in four habitat types (dry grassland, wet grassland, cultivated land and roadside) within three selected districts, that is, Kampala, Migyera and Nakasongola were studied for 1 year (2002). Flowering is partly dependent on mean annual rainfall. In all the habitats, flowering occurs throughout the year, but with a peak between August and November. Troughs in flowering occurred during the beginning of the wet season. The flowering season mainly starts between July and August and ends between January and February. Fruiting is independent of mean annual rainfall, but dependent on seasonal rainfall. Fruiting occurs throughout the year with a peak between August and October and low species fruiting between January and April.