Bronze Mirror Research Papers

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- by Meng-hsueh Li
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- 6
  Buddhist Art, Tang Dynasty, Chinese Art, Chinese Calligraphy

КИТАЙСКИЕ БРОНЗОВЫЕ ЗЕРКАЛА. КОРПУС СЛУЧАЙНЫХ НАХОДОК. Монография посвящена описанию китайских металлических зеркал, найденных на территории России, Украины, Киргизии и Казахстана. Авторы постарались представить максимально возможный... more

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- by Yuri Oborin and +1
  Sergey Savosin
- •
- 3
  Historical Archaeology, Chinese Art, Bronze Mirror

М.Е. Килуновская, П.М. Леус - Новые материалы улуг-хемской культуры в Туве //Археологические Вести №24, Санкт-Петербург 2018. M. Kilunovskaya, P. Leus - New evidence on the Ulug-Khem culture in Tuva // Archaeological News Nr.24,... more

М.Е. Килуновская, П.М. Леус - Новые материалы улуг-хемской культуры в Туве //Археологические Вести №24, Санкт-Петербург 2018. M. Kilunovskaya, P. Leus - New evidence on the Ulug-Khem culture in Tuva // Archaeological News Nr.24, St.Petersburg 2018.
Аннотация. Во II в. до н. э. в результате северной экспансии хунну территория Тувы входит в зону их культурного и политического влияния, что приводит к смене населения и, как следствие, смене археологических культур. Предшествующая уюкско-саглынская культура скифского типа исчезает, появляются новые памятники, отличные и от скифских, и от более поздних кокэльских. Эти древности А. Д. Грач в 1971 г. предложил называть «улуг-хемской культурой». Объединенные в нее археологические памятники располагались в Центральной Туве, на левом берегу Улуг-Хема (Верхний Енисей), где про- водила исследования Саяно-Тувинская экспедиция ЛОИА АН СССР. Annotation. In the 2nd century BC, the northward expansion of the Xiongnu resulted in Tuva’s territory getting into the zone of their cultural and political infuence. This event led to replacement of the population ensuing, in its turn, in the change of the archaeological cultures. The previous Uyuk-Sagly culture of the Scythian type disappears in this period and new sites, differing both from the Scythian culture and the later Kokel one, arise. A. D. Grach proposed in 1971 to attribute these new sites as belonging to an ‘Ulug-Khem’ culture. The archaeological monuments united within this culture were situated in Central Tuva on the left bank of the Ulug-Khem River (Upper Yenisey) where the Sayan-Tuva Expedition of LOIA AS USSR conducted its explorations.

Основу двадцать второго выпуска «Херсонесского сборника» составляют статьи, которые касаются находок, открытий и древностей, связанных с античной и средневековой Таврикой и, в первую очередь, с территорией древнего Херсонеса и его... more

The article is devoted to the Chinese mirrors found in the burials of the nomads of Asian Sarmatia. The typology and chronology of mirrors is presented, the earliest of which dates back to the period of the Warring States, but most of... more

The article is devoted to the Chinese mirrors found in the burials of the nomads of Asian Sarmatia. The typology and chronology of mirrors is presented, the earliest of which dates back to the period of the Warring States, but most of them, dating back to the 1st century BC-2nd century AD. In the complexes of the second half of the 1st century BC-the first half of the 1st century AD the number of Chinese items in Asiatic Sarmatia is increasing. They are represented, among others, by two mirrors of the Western Han type, which come from the Lower Volga and Don regions; they are not known in the South Urals. In the complexes of the second half of the 1st-the first half of the 2nd century AD the Chinese mirrors are much more common. As before, they are not known in the Urals, but they are also represented in the Kuban and Lower Volga, and especially in the Lower Don region. In the burials of the late Sarmatian period of the late 2nd-middle / second half of the 3rd century AD Chinese mirrors are relatively abundant in the Urals, where the mapping of finds allows us to distinguish two local groups (1-South Urals: Lebedevka and burial grounds in the Ilek river basin; 2-South Bashkiria, interfluve of the Sakmara and the Urals rivers, and the Trans-Urals), while further to the west-in the Lower Volga and Don regions, they generally ceased to fall, only two mirrors are known outside the South Urals-in Trans-Kuban and Central Ciscaucasia. The issue of deliberate damage to mirrors is specially considered. Is it possible to consider the Chinese bronze mirrors as trade items? If we assume that they belonged to the items of trade along the Silk Road, then two conclusions following from the dating of the finds should be taken into consideration. Firstly, these mirrors were not distributed to the ancient centers of the North Pontic area and further to the territory of the Roman provinces. Thus, the way of the mirrors ended in the steppe. Moreover, starting from the second half of the 2nd century AD (late Sarmatian culture) Chinese mirrors cease to fall to the west of the Urals-their finds are unknown neither in the Lower Volga region, nor on the Don. This means that the connection between the distribution of the Chinese mirrors and the functioning of the northern branch of the Silk Road is unlikely.

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- by Mikhail Treister
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- 11
  Eurasian Nomads, Chinese archaeology, Metallography, Bronze Mirror

唐代銅鏡是繼漢代銅鏡之後第二個中國銅鏡製作的高峰期，然而唐代銅鏡在裝飾手法上，與漢代銅鏡大異其趣。即使是繼承漢代銅鏡裝飾手法的銅鏡銘文，其銘文裝飾風格與內容都與漢代出入甚大，獨具唐代特有的風格。前人對唐代銅鏡銘文之研究，多以為斷代依據之文獻參考，少就內容及風格上作探究。本文擬先以文字在鏡面上的布置，做類型之分類，繼之以銘文內容作一探究，後考察唐代銘文之書風，亦加以分類。希望透過本文蒐集分類之嘗試，替唐代銅鏡之銘文得一粗淺之概貌。透過書風上與唐代碑刻書法之比較，唐代銅鏡之銘文，... more

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- by Meng-hsueh Li
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- 4
  Tang Dynasty, Chinese Calligraphy, Bronze Mirror, 唐代

The article is devoted to the publication of the burial of the Bulatovo-1 cemetery in the Trans-Ural part of the Republic of Bashkortostan with a unique for this region find of a Greek chalcedony scaraboid with an incised image.... more

This fascicle of the Corpus Speculorum Etruscorum, which has been long in the making, is a collaborative effort between colleagues and friends: Evelyn Bell and Helen Nagy. Evelyn Bell contributed the catalogue entries on the mirrors in... more

Prevailing models of social development for the southern Korean Iron Age (ca. 300 B.C.–A.D. 300) focus on contact with China as well as the dynamic interaction between local polities to explain the development of socio-political... more

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- by Jack Davey
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- 13
  Archaeology, Historical Archaeology, Korean Studies, China (Archaeology)

The Han style Chinese mirrors were unearthed from archaeological sites in Mongolia and Transbaikalia. These sites are related with Xiongnu (匈奴) and early period of Xianbei (鮮卑), and mirrors are important relic for chronology of these... more

The article is devoted to the Chinese mirrors found in the burials of the nomads of Asian Sarmatia. The typology and chronology of mirrors is presented, the earliest of which dates back to the period of the Warring States, but most of... more

The article is devoted to the Chinese mirrors found in the burials of the nomads of Asian Sarmatia. The typology and chronology of mirrors is presented, the earliest of which dates back to the period of the Warring States, but most of them, dating back to the 1st century BC-2nd century AD. In the complexes of the second half of the 1st century BC-the first half of the 1st century AD the number of Chinese items in Asiatic Sarmatia is increasing. They are represented, among others, by two mirrors of the Western Han type, which come from the Lower Volga and Don regions; they are not known in the South Urals. In the complexes of the second half of the 1st-the first half of the 2nd century AD the Chinese mirrors are much more common. As before, they are not known in the Urals, but they are also represented in the Kuban and Lower Volga, and especially in the Lower Don region. In the burials of the late Sarmatian period of the late 2nd-middle / second half of the 3rd century AD Chinese mirrors are relatively abundant in the Urals, where the mapping of finds allows us to distinguish two local groups (1-South Urals: Lebedevka and burial grounds in the Ilek river basin; 2-South Bashkiria, interfluve of the Sakmara and the Urals rivers, and the Trans-Urals), while further to the west-in the Lower Volga and Don regions, they generally ceased to fall, only two mirrors are known outside the South Urals-in Trans-Kuban and Central Ciscaucasia. The issue of deliberate damage to mirrors is specially considered. Is it possible to consider the Chinese bronze mirrors as trade items? If we assume that they belonged to the items of trade along the Silk Road, then two conclusions following from the dating of the finds should be taken into consideration. Firstly, these mirrors were not distributed to the ancient centers of the North Pontic area and further to the territory of the Roman provinces. Thus, the way of the mirrors ended in the steppe. Moreover, starting from the second half of the 2nd century AD (late Sarmatian culture) Chinese mirrors cease to fall to the west of the Urals-their finds are unknown neither in the Lower Volga region, nor on the Don. This means that the connection between the distribution of the Chinese mirrors and the functioning of the northern branch of the Silk Road is unlikely.

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- by Mikhail Treister
- •
- 10
  Eurasian Nomads, Chinese archaeology, Metallography, Bronze Mirror

A cura di Fausto Minervini Ospite Caroline Vandenberghe Il mito di Elena di Troia, antico simbolo di bellezza femminile, conobbe una notevole popolarità in area Mediterranea già alla fine del V secolo a.C., e ancor di più nel secolo... more

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- by Caroline Vandenberghe
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- 5
  Iconography, Etruscan, Bronze Mirror, Helen of Troy

БРОНЗОВОЕ ЗЕРКАЛО С НЕИЗВЕСТНОЙ НАДПИСЬЮ ИЗ МИНУСИНСКОГО МУЗЕЯ. Рассмотрены вопросы атрибуции и датировки бронзового зеркала с изображением четырех иероглифов из археологической коллекции Минусинского музея им. Мартьянова. А так же... more

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- by Yuri Oborin
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- 3
  Bronze Mirror, Chinese, Minusinsk Basin

The collection of the State Museum of the History of Uzbekistan MINASYANTS V. S. (OTANI Ikue trans.) This is a Japanese translation of a paper written by V. S. Minasyants. He reports collection mirrors stored in the State Museum of the... more

КЛАД, ОБНАРУЖЕННЫЙ НА Р. УЙБАТ (МИНУСИНСКАЯ КОТЛОВИНА). Статья вводит в научный оборот новый материал – клад, обнаруженный на р. Уйбат (Хакасия). Он включает серии предметов, относящихся ко второму этапу тесинской культуры. Изделия из... more

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- by Yuri Oborin
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- 5
  Archaeology, Bronze Mirror, Xiongnu, Iron Axes

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- by Yasutaka FUJII
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- 7
  Archaeology, Chinese archaeology, Bronze Mirror, Chinese art history

The mirror appears frequently in funerary contexts in the Greek colonies Locri Epizefiri and Metaponto and this thesis endeavours to rebuild the contexts of these mirrors using the approach of contextual archaeology. To explore the... more

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- by Isabella Jäger
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- 7
  Divination, Bronze Mirror, Contextual Archaeology, Dionysiac Cult

КИТАЙСКИЕ БРОНЗОВЫЕ ЗЕРКАЛА. КОЛЛЕКЦИЯ ЭСТАМПОВ. В каталоге представлено более 920 эстампов китайских бронзовых зеркал от эпохи Воюющих царств до времен династии Цин. Книга адресована археологам, этнографам, краеведам, а так же всем... more

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- by Yuri Oborin
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- 2
  Chinese Art, Bronze Mirror

"Mirrors in Ancient Egypt" - Contribution to the book published in conjunction with the exhibition "Mirror - The Human Being in Reflexion" (Museum Rietberg, Zurich / Switzerland: 17 May - 22 September 2019). With a list of the exhibited... more

The Egyptian material distributed throughout Greece includes important quantities of bronze objects that reveal information about consumption and trade and are complicated by issues that differ from those relating to faïence (also... more

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Abstract Emerging from the VII-VI millennia BC - the obsidian mirrors of ChatalHöyük – and continuing their history in Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, the cultures of the Armenian Highlands of Asia Minor; the East Asian mirrors have come a... more

Cistae and mirrors made of bronze are the best known and most precious products of Praenestine craftsmanship. This contribution focuses on cistae and mirrors with inscriptions found in the necropolis of Praeneste in Latium. The analysis... more

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- by David Nonnis
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- 4
  Latin Epigraphy, Bronze Mirror, Instrumentum Inscriptum, Praeneste

КИТАЙСКИЕ ДРЕВНОСТИ В ФОНДАХ АРХЕОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО МУЗЕЯ КФУ. В статье описаны китайские предметы, хранящиеся в фондах Археологического музея Казанского Федерального Университета. Это монеты, два железных шлема и фрагмент бронзового зеркала.... more

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- by Yuri Oborin
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- 3
  Archaeology, Chinese Art, Bronze Mirror

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- by Matthias Steinhart
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- 5
  Archaeology, Etruscan Archaeology, Bronze Mirror, Athena

БРОНЗОВОЕ ЗЕРКАЛО ИЗ УСТЬ-АБАКАНСКОГО РАЙОНА ХАКАСИИ. Описана находка бронзового зеркала времен династии Сун. Дан подробный анализ сюжету и персонажам, изображенным на зеркале.

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- by Yuri Oborin
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- 2
  Bronze Mirror, Minusinsk Basin

ЗЕРКАЛА С ФАНТАСТИЧЕСКИМИ ЖИВОТНЫМИ ИЗ БУЛГАРА И ИХ АНАЛОГИИ. Анализируются оригинальные экземпляры металлических зеркал из археологических памятников эпохи Золотой Орды на Средней Волге с изображением сфинксов и священных козлов. Зеркала... more

ЗЕРКАЛА С ФАНТАСТИЧЕСКИМИ ЖИВОТНЫМИ ИЗ БУЛГАРА И ИХ АНАЛОГИИ. Анализируются оригинальные экземпляры металлических зеркал из археологических
памятников эпохи Золотой Орды на Средней Волге с изображением сфинксов и священных козлов. Зеркала были найдены в городах Волжской Булгарии XII - XIV вв. Булгаре и Джукетау. На основе анализа реконструкций и целых форм зеркал рассматриваются несколько типов зеркал с изображениями сфинксов, а также их аналогии из поселений и могильников Xlll - XIV вв . на территории России. Кроме того, реконструируются
оригинальные зеркала со сложным рисунком основу которого составляют парные изображения
козлов у священного дерева. Бьmа определена связь находок из Булгара с Ираном и Малой Азией , где были распространены эти сюжеты в искусстве. Резюмируется , что эти зеркала связаны с несколькими культурными традициями и появились в Булгарии в конце XII - начале XIII в . и использовались населением до начала XV в. Original copies of metal mirrors from the archaeological monuments of the Golden Horde era in Medium Volga with the image of sphinxes and holy goats are analyzed. The mirrors have been found in several ancient cities of Volga Bulgaria in the XII - XIV centuries - Bulgar and Dzhuketau. Based on the analysis of the reconstruction and the whole forms of mirrors we went over some types of mirrors with images of sphinxes, and also their analogies from settlements and cemeteries of the Xlll - XIV centuries in Russia. Besides, we reconstacted the original mirrors with difficult drawing which basis on the pair images of goats next to а sacred tree. We identified the links between the finds from Bulgaria with Iran and Asia Minor where these themes was distributed in art. In conclusion, the authors summarized that these miпors are connected with several cultural traditions and have appeared in Bulgaria in the end of XII - the beginning ofXIII centuries and had been used prior to the beginning ofXV century.

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- by Yuri Oborin
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- 3
  Archaeology, Bronze Mirror, Golden Horde

The paper is devoted to the imported items of Greek metalware with the signs of ancient repairs or modifications, originating from the 5th-4th century BC Scythian barrows, as well as items of local manufacture, which show the adoptation... more

ФРАГМЕНТ КИТАЙСКОГО ЗЕРКАЛА ЭПОХИ ВОЮЮЩИХ ЦАРСТВ ИЗ ЛЕСОСТЕПНОГО АЛТАЯ. Летом 2000 г. при проведении разведочных изысканий на городище Раздумье-I в Каменском районе Алтайского края среди разнородного и разновременного археологического... more

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- by Yuri Oborin
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- 2
  Bronze Mirror, Altai

«ВОСТОЧНЫЕ» ЗЕРКАЛА-ПОГРЕМУШКИ И БРОНЗОВЫЕ ДИСКИ С ГРАВИРОВКАМИ. В 2014 г. в низовьях Оби у Полярного круга был обнаружен богатый клад, в состав которого входило нескольких крупных бронзовых дисков, очень похожих на рельефные оборотные... more

«ВОСТОЧНЫЕ» ЗЕРКАЛА-ПОГРЕМУШКИ И БРОНЗОВЫЕ ДИСКИ С ГРАВИРОВКАМИ. В 2014 г. в низовьях Оби у Полярного круга был обнаружен богатый клад, в состав которого входило нескольких крупных бронзовых дисков, очень похожих на рельефные оборотные диски зеркал-погремушек, до этого встречавшихся только в женских погребениях V-III вв. до н. э. на Алтае, Верхнем Приобье и Южном Урале в пазырыкской, каменской и прохоровской культурах. В ходе изучения указанных бронзовых дисков установлено, что это не часть составных зеркал-погремушек, а впервые зафиксированная особая категория культовых изделий. На трёх экземплярах сохранились не встречавшиеся в скифо-сибирском искусстве гравированные изображения мифических коней. Предположительно, эти диски могли производиться в III в. до н. э. в каких-то переднеазиатских ремесленных центрах, копировавших «индийские» зеркала-погремушки, но в соответствии со своей производственной и художественной традицией. Вероятно, уже во II-I вв. до н. э. своеобразный рельеф дисков с конусами и валиками был воспринят культурой населения Нижней Оби и ещё несколько столетий воспроизводился на различных бляхах и пряжках. "Oriental" rattle-mirrors and engraved bronze discs. Summary. In 2014 in lower reaches of the Ob River near the Arctic Circle it was found a rich treasure which contained a few large bronze discs very similar to some large sculptured rattle-mirrors reverse disks earlier found only in V-III centuries BC. female burials in Altai, the Upper Ob Region and the southern Urals in Pazyryk, Kamenskaya and Prokhorovskaya cultures. In the study of these bronze discs it is found that is not the part of composite rattle-mirrors but first recorded special category of religious artifacts. On three copies not found in Scythian-Siberian art mythical horses engraved images preserved. Supposedly, these discs could be produced in the III cent. BC. in some Near Eastern handicraft centers that copied "Indian" rattle-mirrors but in accordance with their industrial and artistic tradition. Probably, in the II-I cent. BC. a kind of disk with cones and rollers relief was taken by Lower Ob population culture and had been reproduced on different metal plates and buckles for a few more centuries. Keywords: bronze rattle-mirrors, bronze discs, Scythian time, Altai, the Lower Ob Region, artistic style, mythical horses.

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- by Yuri Oborin and +1
  peter shulga
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- Bronze Mirror

Bronze Mirror

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