Alergia

Rhinitis is the most frequent respiratory disease in most countries of the world. It is estimated that 600 million people suffer this condition. Allergic rhinitis is a public health problem at global level. Patients who suffer allergic rhinitis have from mild to annoying nasal symptoms which affect quality of life, cause sleep disorders, scholar and workplace absenteeism, and health expenditure. Rhinitis is frequently associated to co-morbidities such as sinusitis, otitis media, and especially asthma. Rhinitis is under-diagnosed and under-treated worldwide and also in Latin American countries. ARIA is the very first evidence-based guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of rhinitis with focus in its co-morbidities (2001), especially asthma published in 2001. In 2008 an update was published. ARIA recommends an integrative approach for management; including anti-histamines (second generation), intra-nasal corticosteroids, anti-leukotrienes and immunotherapy. It also provides a quest...

Alergi adalah suatu perubahan daya reaksi tubuh terhadap kontak pada suatu zat (alergen) yang memberi reaksi terbentuknya antigen dan antibodi. Namun, sebagian besar para pakar lebih suka menggunakan istilah alergi dalam kaitannya dengan respon imun berlebihan yang menimbulkan penyakit atau yang disebut reaksi hipersensitivitas. Hal ini bergantung pada berbagai keadaan, termasuk pemaparan antigen, predisposisi genetik, kecenderungan untuk membentuk IgE dan faktor-faktor lain, misalnya adanya infeksi saluran nafas bagian atas, infeksi virus, penurunan jumlah sel T-supresor dan defisensi IgA. Secara umum penyakit alergi digolongkan dalam beberapa golongan, yaitu: 1. Alergi atopik : reaksi hipersensitivitas I pada individu yang secara genetik menunjukkan kepekaan terhadap alergen dengan memproduksi IgE secara berlebihan. 2. Alergi obat : reaksi imunologi yang berlebihan atau tidak tepat terhadap obat tertentu. 3. Dermatitiskontak : reaksi hipersensitivitas IV yang disebabkan oleh zat kimia, atau substansi lain misalnya kosmetik, makanan, dan lain-lain.

A pesquisa do presente trabalho que é voltado para pessoas com intolerância ou alergia ao glúten e à lactose.Para isso o objetivo é elaborar um produto com base em outro já existente, substituindo alguns ingredientes que não contenham esses compostos alergênicos sempre atentando para a aceitabilidade sensorial.O objetivo principal do trabalho é desenvolver um produto que possa ser produzido em larga escala, utilizando tecnologias e matérias primas de baixo custo.Há hoje no Brasil um grande número de pessoas que apresentam alguma intolerância ou alergia alimentar e que não podem ingerir determinados alimentos. O glúten e a lactose encabeçam a lista de restrições.A dieta da pessoa intolerante ou alérgica torna-se então restrita e os alimentos disponíveis para esse público alvo geralmente acabam por ter um preço mais elevado em comparação com produtos normais.Há a necessidade então de elaborar um produto livre desses compostos, que tenha uma boa aceitabilidade sensorial, prático e com custos reduzidos, facilitando assim sua aquisição pelas pessoas que o necessitam.

Realizamos pesquisas web-gráficas, bibliográficas e práticas sobre sequilhos, alergias, intolerâncias e restrições alimentares. Estudando os aspectos culturais, legislativos e históricos, elaboramos um sequilho sem glúten, nem leite, isento de produtos de origem animal, a partir dele a embalagem adequada e nome fantasia, caracterizando ao máximo um sequilho tradicional. E para preservar ao máximo as características organolépticas de um produto culturalmente típico, elaborando-o de forma acessível com alta qualidade, seguindo tais especificações, como é o sequilho. Conhecemos sua história, legislação; Identificar e diferenciamos intolerâncias, alergias e tabus alimentares; Desenvolvemos um sequilho sem glúten, sem leite, nem qualquer produto de origem animal; Desenvolvemos a embalagem e nome fantasia, tabela nutricional; Aplicar testes que comprovem a qualidade do produto e Fichas Técnicas. Assim chegamos ao Quebra-Quebra Sequilhos, um produto especial para pessoas com diversas restrições alimentares, tais quais, alergia e intolerância ao leite, celíacos e veganos.
Palavra-Chave: SEQUILHOS; VEGANO; INTOLERÂNCIA ALERGIA;

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by defective immunoglobulin production. Twenty percent of patients may also have associated autoimmune diseases, especially hematologic, whose prevalence is estimated at 5 to 8%. To report the occurrence of autoimmune haematological disorders in CVID adults. We included 18 patients with CVID, who underwent hematologic evaluation, which included: CBC, serum folate or vitamin B complex and bone marrow aspirate. Of a total of 18 patients, 11 women (61%), mean age 38 ± 13.5, six patients (33.3%) had autoimmune diseases, five of them had blood diseases (4 with PTI and one with Evans syndrome). Three patients had more than one autoimmune disease and one presented three autoimmune diseases (Evans syndrome, hypoparathyroidism and celiac disease with a history of autoimmune hemolytic anemia). The prevalence of autoimmune diseases in this group of patients with CVID was higher than the 20% reported in the lite...

The transfer factor (TF) was described in 1955 by S. Lawrence. In 1992 Kirkpatrick characterized the specific TF at molecular level. The TF is constituted by a group of numerous molecules, of low molecular weight, from 1.0 to 6.0 kDa. The 5 kDa fraction corresponds to the TF specific to antigens. There are a number of publications about the clinical indications of the TF for diverse diseases, in particular those where the cellular immune response is compromised or in those where there is a deficient regulation of the immune response. In this article we present our clinical and basic experiences, especially regarding the indications, usage and dosage of the TF. Our group demonstrated that the TF increases the expression of IFN-gamma and RANTES, while decreases the expression of osteopontine. Using animal models we have worked with M. tuberculosis, and with a model of glioma with good therapeutic results. In the clinical setting we have worked with herpes zoster, herpes simplex type I...

Although various mechanisms involving antibodies and various cell types participate, a Thl and Th2 cells imbalance seems to play a central role for allergy development. Other lymphocyte subpopulations, such as Th17, CD4 FOXP3, and Th9 positive regulatory T lymphocytes may also be involved in the allergic response. Regulatory processes are an appealing target for therapeutic approaches aiming to solve allergic reactions by restoring the delicate balance within the immune system. Transfer factor (TF) or dialyzable leukocyte extract is meant to transfer cell-mediated immunity from immune competent donors to unsensitized or deficient recipients. A PubMed search on the current knowledge on TF indicates that TF may restore the Th1/Th2 balance and improve immune regulatory mechanisms of patients receiving it. Our preliminary results demonstrate that TF induces mRNA expression of IFN-g, osteopontin, RANTES, and hBD-2 in human healthy subjects. TF has been used to treat a variety of immune d...

sus palabras de aliento, que tan importantes han sido para mí. También quiero dar las gracias a los demás miembros de su equipo, la Dra. María del Mar Trigo Pérez, la Dra. Marta Recio Criado y el Dr. Francisco Javier Toro Gil, por facilitarme el acceso a sus fondos bibliográficos y la consulta de sus tesis doctorales.

Several international guidelines on immunotherapy exist, but they only apply partially in Mexico. The Mexican guideline of immunotherapy dates from 1998. To establish clinical recommendations and suggestions for Allergy residents and specialists for skin testing and allergen immunotherapy based on evidence and Mexican expert opinion, according to the GRADE system. The guidelines were developed following the methodology of a guideline for clinical practice starting with the formulation of clinical questions, in the context of Mexican environmental conditions and morbidity, with the participation of allergists from all regions of the country. External validation was obtained. Its development followed three steps: 1. formulation of 24 clinical questions. 2. Search for consensus on the answers among members of the Regional chapters of both Mexican Colleges of Allergists (CMICA and COMPEDIA) during regional meetings. 3. Literature search for articles related to the questions and grading ...

Background: The Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) workshop proposes a classification of allergic rhinitis severity. It does not take into account impairment in quality of life and treatment should be adapted accordingly. Methods: Two cross-sectional surveys were designed:a spring survey, for which 1,321 practitioners enrolled 3,026 patients consulting for seasonal allergic rhinitis and an autumn-winter survey, for

During six consecutive years (1993–1998), a Burkard volumetric pollen trap was continuously operated to sample pollen from the air of the city of Murcia. The aim of the study was to elucidate the spectra of airborne pollen and the variations during the year, and to elaborate a pollen calendar. This time span includes the end of the period with severe drought from 1990–1995, which particularly affected the southeastern region of Spain. The total sum of daily average pollen concentrations amounted to 148,645 pollen grains belonging to 93 different taxa. A daily average of 74 pollen grains/m 3 and 11 taxa were recorded, with maxima of 1157 and 27 respectively. The total pollen amount registered in a year correlated with yearly rainfall, but there was no relation with mean annual temperature. As for annual fluctuations, there seemed to be no influence by total rainfall or temperature. Spring and winter were the seasons with the highest pollen counts and pollen diversity. From the 93 identified taxa, 36 are included in the pollen calendar. Noteworthy findings are: (i) the presence of Thymelaeaceae, Robinia, Betula, Castanea, Zygophyllum, Caryophyllaceae and Cannabis, (ii) a long pollen season of Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae, Urticaceae, Poaceae, Arecaceae and Plantago, (iii) the occurrence of summer, autumn and winter flowering of Artemisia, (iv) the late appearance of Corylus pollen, and (v) the minor presence of Casuarina pollen during the mid winter and late spring.

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is a world rare disease with a prevalence between 1 and 2%. It presents in moderate-severe asthma and cistic fibrosis patients. The diagnosis is made in the basis of Rossenberg and Greenberg criteria that can be essential or non essential. We present the case of a 3-year-old boy with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis without bronchiectasies and with a good response to corticosteroids. His mother complained of two years of nasal obstruction, purulent rinorrea, nasal pruritus, sneezing, chronic cough and recurrent wheezing, twice to thrice a month. He also occasionally had vomits and diarrhea in relation with strawberries, banana, cow's milk and chocolate. We made the diagnosis of asthma, allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, and probably food allergy. We treated him with step approach of ICS according to GINA 2006, albuterol PRN, and elimination diet, with bad response. Laboratory exams: Blood white cells with eosinophilia (6%), total serum I...

Systemic lupus erythematous is an autoimmune disease of multifactorial etiology with genetic predisposition. Its pathogenesis involved more than 100 genes. CD24 gene can mediate various functions such as their costimulatory activity in the clonal expansion of T cells. The single nucleotide polymorphism, resulting in a non-conservative replacement of alanine to valine (CD24v) precedes immediately GPI anchorage site (position ω-1), determines CD24 loss activity. CD24v has been associated with multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematous in other populations. To find the presence of CD24v in Mexican patients with systemic lupus erythematous. A study of fenotyping of CD24v included 65 subjects, 32 cases (systemic lupus erythematous): 28 women and 4 men; and 32 controls: 9 women and 23 men; cases and controls from patients with systemic lupus erythematous in National Medical Center 20 de Noviembre ISSSTE, Mexico City, services of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology. In cases, 19 p...

Bronchial asthma is the most common chronic disease in children, producing the highest absenteeism among children and adults. To determine the relation between respiratory function in asthmatic children and contaminant and climatic environmental factors. It was performed a study with 26 asthmatic patients, from the Immuno-Allergies Department of the Specialties Hospital no. 71 of the Centro Medico Nacional Torreon, with an 8-month-follow-up. By a home monitoring, subjects determined their peak expiratory flow (PEF) twice a day: PEF1: in the morning, at getting up without or before medication, and PEF2: at night, before sleeping without or before medication. From June to August 1995, as well as from September to November 1995, a relation between pulmonary function, measured by PEF1 and PEF2, and some of the palinologic families or species studied was not found. On the other hand, from December 1995 to February 1996 a significant relation between the concentration of pollen's part...

To determine the association among meconium aspiration syndrome, parental atopy and asthma symptoms in children younger than two years. One hundred thirty six children who had suffered meconium aspiration syndrome were followed from birth to they were two years old. CONTROL GROUP included 136 healthy children without meconium aspiration syndrome. Group of children with meconium aspiration syndrome: The average hospital stay in neonatal intensive care unit was of 5.91 +/- 4.44 days and were given 65.5 +/- 16.6 hours of oxygen. Prevalence of asthma symptoms during the last year was of 41.2%; 35.7% had family history of allergies (p = NS). The average age at the beginning of asthma symptoms was of 12.64 +/- 6.96 months; 78.6% of children were male. 30.9% had wheezing episodes during the last 12 months; 28.6% were male; 38.1% had family history of allergies (p = NS). The average age at the beginning of asthma symptoms was of 15.57 +/- 6.05 months. Aspiration of meconium seems to be an i...

Background: The Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) workshop proposes a classification of allergic rhinitis severity. It does not take into account impairment in quality of life and treatment should be adapted accordingly. Methods: Two cross-sectional surveys were designed:a spring survey, for which 1,321 practitioners enrolled 3,026 patients consulting for seasonal allergic rhinitis and an autumn-winter survey, for

espanolLos espacios verdes urbanos pueden afectar negativamente a la salud de las personas alergicas al polen. Recientemente se ha propuesto una formula que permite valorar el potencial alergenico de estos espacios. Tras inventariar y medir los elementos vegetales presentes en los parques, jardines y calles del barrio de Santa Maria de Gracia (Murcia, SE Espana) se han calculado los indices de alergenicidad (IUGZA) potenciales y reales para el conjunto del barrio y para sus espacios verdes mas importantes. El conjunto del barrio tiene un indice de alergenicidad potencial de 0,15, con espacios que llegan a 0,25 y otros que apenas superan el 0,05. Siendo 0,3 el valor considerado como umbral suficiente para provocar alergia, puede afirmarse que el barrio es un espacio seguro de bajo riesgo desde el punto de vista de la alergia al polen. EnglishUrban green zones can negatively affect pollen allergy sufferers. A new formula has been recently proposed to estimate the potential allergenici...

The Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) workshop proposes a classification of allergic rhinitis severity. It does not take into account impairment in quality of life and treatment should be adapted accordingly. Two cross-sectional surveys were designed:a spring survey, for which 1,321 practitioners enrolled 3,026 patients consulting for seasonal allergic rhinitis and an autumn-winter survey, for which 1,346 practitioners enrolled 3,507 patients consulting for perennial allergic rhinitis. Simple quality of life parameters were included and logistic regressions were performed in order to assess the impairment of quality of life. The majority of the patients were experiencing an impairment on their quality of life (92.2%). Except for cough, these patients had significantly more nasal, lung and ocular symptoms. In a multivariate analysis, rhinorrhea, nasal itching, red eyes, dyspnea, change in voice, fatigue and headache were correlated to impairment of quality of life. Persistent rhinitis was associated only with subjects who expressed difficulties in reading, and intermittent rhinitis with those who had to blow their nose and who expressed an impact on their professional activities. The proposal of the ARIA expert panel defining the severity of allergic rhinitis based on quality of life parameters is likely to simplify daily physician practice.

Primary immunodeficiencies are rare immunologic diseases whose main characteristics are recurrent infections. These diseases are frequently unsuspected and the delayed diagnosis makes complications irreversible with the consequent poor quality of life. In Mexico, primary immunodeficiencies have a low prevalence, which is secondary to under-diagnosis and the lack of specialized laboratory studies in most hospitals. Since there is a registration of primary immunodeficiency cases in Europe and other developed countries, it is possible to estimate the incidence of primary immunodeficiencies and to elaborate guidelines of diagnosis and treatment. In our country we do not have any epidemiological registry; however, from 1998 to 2004 the number of cases of primary immunodeficiency has increased; the minimal incidence calculated is 0.16 to 0.24 per 100,000 births for chronic granulomatous disease, severe combined immunodeficiency and X linked agammaglobulinemia, this data is still very low ...

Oral allergy syndrome (OAS) is the mildest form of an allergic reaction to foods. It is characterized by the presence of IgE mediated symptoms restricted to oral mucosa after intake of fresh fruits and vegetables. OAS diagnosis is based on suggestive clinical manifestations and can be confirmed with tests such as prick-to-prick skin test with the food implicated, which have a sensitivity > 90%, specificity 30-60%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 40% and negative predictive value (NPV) > 95%. To know the prevalence of OAS in adult patients attending a third level hospital in southern Mexico City, and also describe the demographics of these patients and comorbidities more frequently associated. We studied 44 patients (40 women and 4 men), with an average age of 33.4 years, with suggestive clinical features of OAS, evaluated with prick-by-prick skin tests with fresh food. There was a predominance of OAS in woman (91%) and a prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis of 54% amo...

Objetivos del periodo formativo de la Residencia (Generales y específicos) Generales: 1.-Formación en las patologías más frecuentes en las áreas de medicina interna, otorrino, dermatología y neumología, sus bases terapéuticas y principales procedimientos de la asistencia clínica diaria y en situaciones de urgencia. Conocimientos sobre el estado de normalidad del niño en las diferentes edades, metodología de exploración y patologías más prevalentes. 2.-Obtención de amplios conocimientos sobre el sistema inmune, su funcionamiento normal y las consecuencias de sus alteraciones. Obtención de las aptitudes suficientes para sospechar, explorar, diagnosticar y tratar las patologías originadas por sus anomalías. Obtención de capacidades para aplicar los conocimientos actuales en los ámbitos de la prevención primaria, secundaria y terciaria de las enfermedades alérgicas. 3.-Adquisición de habilidades en los campos del trabajo en equipo así como la comunicación del médico con el paciente y con otros niveles del sistema sanitario, con el fin de conseguir la asistencia más eficaz y eficiente posible 4.-Adquisición de conocimientos en los campos de la bioética y jurisprudencia médica, salud pública y gestión clínica 5.-Obtención de las habilidades que permitan llevar a cabo tareas de formación continuada e investigación, lo que conlleva conocimientos sobre el manejo de las principales bases de datos de información médica, lectura crítica de artículos, fundamentos en bioestadística, epidemiología y metodología de la investigación Específicos: 1.-Adquirir los conocimientos teóricos necesarios para comprender la estructura y funcionamiento del sistema inmunológico, sus mecanismos de control y su papel en la defensa biológica del individuo 2.-Conocer los métodos de exploración del sistema inmunológico 3.-Conocer los mecanismos generales inmunopatológicos 4.-Conocer e identificar la patología debida a alteraciones cuantitativas y/o cualitativas del sistema inmunológico 5.-Conocer los mecanismos de hipersensibilidad, su fisiopatología y su etiopatogenia 6.-Conocer la clínica de las diversas entidades de la especialidad, así como los procedimientos diagnósticos adecuados para cada una de ellas 7.-Conocer y practicar la sistemática exploratoria del enfermo con patología propia de la especialidad DOCUMENTACION DE LA COMISION DE DOCENCIA Fecha: 19 de diciembre 2019 Edición 04 Código: ITCDO 063.ALG Av. De Roma, s/n-33011 Oviedo COMISION DE DOCENCIA 8.-Conocer, practicar y valorar las técnicas "in vitro" e "in vivo" de la especialidad 9.-Conocer el fundamento y manejo de la terapéutica empleada, así como el seguimiento y evolución de dichos procesos 10.-Participar en las actividades de investigación de la unidad docente El residente, mediante formación tutorizada, debe adquirir amplios conocimientos tanto teóricos como prácticos en los campos de la Inmunología básica, Inmunopatología general, Alergología básica y Alergología clínica, que deben abarcar los siguientes temas:

To evaluate the competence of the primary care physicians for the evaluation of rheumatic disorders. In a cross-sectional survey we included primary care physicians working at the official Mexican Social Security Institute that provides nation-wide health-care for salaried workers. Four hospitals from 23 potentially eligible primary-care hospitals in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico, were randomly selected. From these hospitals the physicians who agree to participate were asked to answer a questionnaire for clinical competence. Using a Delphi modified approach; this questionnaire was elaborated by a group of rheumatologists and researchers working in continuous medical education. A Kuder-Richardson reliability index was computed in 0.94. The diseases included in the questionnaire were: (1) rheumatoid arthritis, (2) Sjogren syndrome, 3) gout, 4) osteoarthritis and 5) systemic lupus erythematosus and questions regarding to these were made using the technique of "representative patien...

Antecedentes: El Estudio Internacional de Asma y Alergias en los Niños (ISAAC por sus siglas en inglés) ha promovido encuestas sobre asma y enfermedades alérgicas con metodologías estandarizadas que incluyen cuestionarios validados. Muchos aspectos de estos cuestionarios también se han implicado en la causa del sobrepeso y la obesidad. Objetivo: Describir los factores vinculados con la obesidad en niños de 6-7 años de edad y en adolescentes de 13-14 años en la encuesta ISAAC realizada en la Ciudad de México. Material y métodos: los datos se obtuvieron de cuestionarios de niños que participaron en una encuesta del ISAAC fase 3b. Se utilizó análisis de regresión logística para determinar los factores de riesgo de la obesidad. Resultados: los factores relacionados con la obesidad fueron consumo semanal de carne (+, relación positiva), de verduras, pasta, arroz (+) y cuartiles de peso al nacer (+) en niños de 6-7 años de edad. Haber padecido eccema en algún momento, consumo semanal de frutas, pasta, mantequilla, nueces, papas (+), comida rápida (+), ver televisión diariamente (+) en niñas de 6-7 años. Haber padecido eccema en algún momento, consumo semanal de pasta (+), mantequilla, papas, ejercicio físico semanal en adolescentes de 13-14 años; consumo semanal de pasta, margarina, leche, comida rápida (+), tabaquismo actual en mujeres de 13-14 años. Conclusiones: No hubo patrones comunes para los diferentes grupos, el peso al nacer, el consumo de comida rápida, ver televisión y la falta de ejercicio se han relacionado previamente con la obesidad. El asma no se asoció con mayor riesgo de obesidad, pero el antecedente de eccema se asoció con menor riesgo de obesidad en las niñas de 6-7 años de edad y en los adolescentes de 13-14 años. El presente estudio proporciona las bases para estudios epidemiológicos futuros y da algunas claves de posibles acciones de salud pública.

Human Limbal Epithelial Cells (hLEC) are stem cells that give rise to corneal epithelium. After corneal damage, hLEC produce large amounts of IL-8 and IL-6, inducing inflammation in cornea and conjunctiva. Despite inflammation is necessary to repair the ocular surface since this process may be potentially harmful and could lead to corneal opacity. Ophthalmic infectious diseases have been treated with human dialyzable leukocyte extracts (hDLE). Clinical observations in hDLE-treated patients, have suggested an apparent control of ocular inflammatory injuries, without changes in the re-epithelialization process. To determine the inflammatory cytokine profile in supernatants (SN) of hLEC cultured with hDLE. hLEC were obtained from cadaver donors. hDLE were added to the hLEC cultures, and SN were collected at different times (1h, 3h, 6h, and 24h). IL-1?, IL 6, IL-8, IL-12p70 and TNF-? were measured in SN with cytometric bead arrays. The majority of isolated cells were CK19+/vimentin+/p63...

Detailed results from a 2-year survey of airborne pollen concentrations of Artemisia in Murcia are presented. Three consecutive pollen seasons of Artemisia occurring each year, related to three different species (A. campestris, A. herba-alba and A. barrelieri), were observed. A winter blooming of Artemisia could explain the incidence of subsequent pollinosis in the Murcia area. With regard to meteorological parameters, mathematical analyses showed relationships between daily pollen concentrations of Artemisia in summer-autumn and precipitations that occurred 6-8 weeks before. The cumulative percentage of insolation from 1 March seemed to be related to blooming onsets. Once pollination has begun, meteorological factors do not seem to influence pollen concentrations significantly. Intradiurnal patterns of pollen concentrations were similar for late summer and winter species (A. campestris and A. barrelieri). During autumn blooming (A. herba-alba), the intradiurnal pattern was particularly erratic. Theoretical values of wind run were obtained for each pollen season by the graphical sum of hourly wind vectors. When theoretical wind run was mapped onto the vegetation pattern, supposed pollen source locations were obtained for each hour. By comparing supposed hourly pollen origins with the intradiurnal patterns of pollen concentrations, it can be seen that this simple model explains variations in mean pollen concentrations throughout the day.

Non-immunological and immunological diseases have been reported to present a level of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) higher than the base level. For both, this level can guide the diagnosis and prognosis. To test the value of serum CRP, by a high-sensitivity CRP assay, during a non-immunological disease, in order to understand if this level is significant during the non-immunological diseases. In this study, 50 patients were divided in two groups according to different specific illness: 25 patients with unstable angina (UA) and 25 with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with and without metabolic syndrome associated. Plasmatic CRP measurement was made for every patient, following an immunoturbidimetric high affinity technique performed in a RX Daytona clinical chemistry analyzer by Randox. Statistical comparison of the serum CRP level between groups was done using a Student's t-test. An ANOVA test was used to value cardiovascular risk factors associated with the serum CRP level. A p < 0.05 was considered to be significant. To each illness, patients were classified into five subgroups, based on their plasmatic CRP level: 0.014 to 3.9 mg/L, 4 to 7.9 mg/L, 8.0 to 11.9 mg/L, 12 to 14.9 mg/L, and higher than 15 mg/L. Patients with UA were 16 (64%), 2 (8%), 0 (0%), 5 (20%), and 2 (8%), respectively. And patients with AMI were 15 (60%), 3 (12%), 4 (16%), 3 (12%), and 0 (0%), respectively. Statistical tests performed did not have significant difference. We have proved that the serum CRP level, determined by a high-sensitivity CRP assay, can be useful in early detection of inflammatory processes in immunological and non-immunological diseases.

espanolLos espacios verdes urbanos pueden afectar negativamente a la salud de las personas alergicas al polen. Recientemente se ha propuesto una formula que permite valorar el potencial alergenico de estos espacios. Tras inventariar y medir los elementos vegetales presentes en los parques, jardines y calles del barrio de Santa Maria de Gracia (Murcia, SE Espana) se han calculado los indices de alergenicidad (IUGZA) potenciales y reales para el conjunto del barrio y para sus espacios verdes mas importantes. El conjunto del barrio tiene un indice de alergenicidad potencial de 0,15, con espacios que llegan a 0,25 y otros que apenas superan el 0,05. Siendo 0,3 el valor considerado como umbral suficiente para provocar alergia, puede afirmarse que el barrio es un espacio seguro de bajo riesgo desde el punto de vista de la alergia al polen. EnglishUrban green zones can negatively affect pollen allergy sufferers. A new formula has been recently proposed to estimate the potential allergenici...

Lupus eritematoso sistémico y CD24 V RESUMEN Antecedentes: el lupus eritematoso sistémico es un padecimiento autoinmunitario, de origen multifactorial, con predisposición genética; más de 100 genes participan en su etiopatogenia. El gen de CD24 puede mediar varias funciones, como su actividad coestimuladora en la expansión clonal de las células T. El polimorfismo de un simple nucleótido de CD24, que resulta en un reemplazo no conservador de alanina a valina (CD24 v), que precede inmediatamente al sitio de anclaje GPI (posición ω-1), condiciona la pérdida de actividad de CD24. Se ha descrito que CD24 v está asociado con esclerosis múltiple y lupus eritematoso sistémico en otras poblaciones. Objetivo: encontrar la existencia de CD24 v en pacientes mexicanos con lupus eritematoso sistémico. Material y método: estudio de genotipificación de CD24 v en el que se incluyeron 64 sujetos, 32 casos con lupus eritematoso sistémico: 28 mujeres y 4 hombres; y 32 controles: 9 mujeres y 23 hombres; todos eran pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico del Centro Médico Nacional 20 de Noviembre, del ISSSTE, atendidos en los servicios de Inmunología Clínica y Reumatología. Resultados: de los casos, 19 pacientes tenían genotipo homocigoto silvestre, 12 con genotipo heterocigotos y sólo un paciente mostró el polimorfismo en estado homocigoto. De los controles, 17 sujetos mostraron genotipos heterocigotos silvestres, 14 eran heterocigotos y sólo en uno se encontró que era homocigoto polimórfico. Se obtuvo una razón de momios de 0.84 y c 2 de 0.17, por lo que no hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa. Conclusiones: se demostró que no hay diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico y controles respecto a la existencia de CD24 v. Palabras clave: lupus eritematoso sistémico, polimorfismo de un simple nucleótido, CD24, CD24 v .

Sensitization to allergens at the workplace is an essential factor for the development of occupational respiratory diseases. To determine the frequency of sensitization to mites and other occupational allergens in bakery workers, by skin prick test (PCP). In this unpaired case-control study were included 17 workers, mean age 34 years (range 18-55), and the control group 14 patients, mean age 32 years (range 22-47), both predominantly male 76 % and 85 % respectively. Each subject had a history and physical examination, and underwent skin testing with allergenic extracts. All investigated subjects showed at least a positive response to two allergens in the SPT. The highest percentage of sensitization in bakers corresponded to Acarus siro and Dermatophagoides Siboney with 82.35% each, followed by Blomia tropicalis, D. farinae, Lepydoglyphus destructor and Tyrophagus putrescientae. The lowest positivity corresponded to D. pteronyssinus (47%), different to that found in the control group...

The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) has promoted surveys in asthma and allergic diseases using standardized methodologies including validated questionnaires. Many items in the questionnaires have also been implied in the overweight and obesity etiology. To describe the factors associated with obesity in subjects of 6-7 years and 13-14 years in the ISAAC survey in Mexico City. Data were obtained from questionnaires of children participating in a phase 3b ISAAC survey. Logistic regression was used to determine the obesity risks factors. The factors related to obesity were weekly consumption of meat (+, positive relationship), vegetables, pasta, rice (+) and quartiles of birth weight (+) in boys of 6-7 years. Having suffered eczema at any time, weekly consumption of fruit, pasta, butter, nuts, potato (+), fast food (+), daily TV viewing (+) in girls of 6-7years. Having suffered eczema at any time, weekly consumption of pasta (+), butter, potato, weekly physical exercise in boys of 13-14 years; weekly consumption of pasta, margarine, milk, fast food (+), currently smoking in girls of 13-14 years. There were not common factor patterns for the different groups, birth weight, fast food, TV viewing and lack of exercise have been previously related to pediatric obesity. Asthma was not associated with a higher risk of obesity but medical history of eczema was associated with lower risk of obesity in the 6-7 years girls, and 13-14 years boys. The present study provides the bases for future epidemiological studies and gives some clues on possible public health actions.

asthma is one of the most common chronic childhood diseases; is increasing in prevalence and an important cause of school absenteeism. Previous studies have failed to evaluate knowledge about asthma among elementary school teachers worldwide because of the lack of validated questionnaires. to validate a questionnaire about asthma knowledge for elementary school teachers in Monterrey, Nuevo Leon. an observational, cross sectional, descriptive study, from February to December 2004, by applying a questionnaire to a group of elementary school teachers in Monterrey, Nuevo Leon. The questionnaire is a translation and adaptation to the questionnaire of 13 questions used to assess the knowledge about asthma among parents, according to the National Asthma Education Program of US. a total of 179 questionnaires were applied, in which 6 of the 13 questions were answered correctly by more than 90% of the teachers. The internal consistency reliability was adequate with a Cronbach a coefficient of...

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by immune complex deposits and subsequent vascular inflammation in many organs. Activated endothelial cells are a major source of VCAM-1. The levels of soluble VCAM-1(sVCAM-1) are elevated in SLE and have been found to be associated with disease activity and damage organ especially renal involvement. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association among serum levels of sVCAM-1 and anti-dsDNA antibodies and its correlation with SLE disease activity. Methods: The study sample included 69 consecutive and unselected patients with SLE. Plasma samples were collected for the determination of sVCAM-1 and anti-dsDNA by ELISA, C3 and C4 by nephelometry. Disease activity was defined by the SLE Disease Active Index score (SLEDAI ≥ 4). Results: Elevated levels of sVCAM-1 (ng/dL) were seen in active compared to inactive (1009 ± 54 vs 446 ± 33) SLE patients (p < 0.05). Soluble sVCAM-1 levels correlated with measures of overall disease activity SLEDAI score (r s = 0.67, p < 0.0001) while dsDNA antibodies had a correlate of r s = 0.29, p < 0.01. In patients with renal, hematological and vascular activity, levels of sVCAM-1 were different and statistically significant. For dsDNA antibodies this difference was only observed in the patients with renal activity. Conclusions: The data presented suggest that clinical forms of SLE differ form each other in respect to concentration of sVCAM-1 specially in patients with active renal, hematological and vascular involvement , whereas dsDNA antibodies levels were only in active renal group. sVCAM-1 levels may be useful to monitor both systemic and organ specific activity in LES.

The incidence of atopic dermatitis in Latin America, as in other regions, has been increasing in recent years. The SLAAI consensus is based on a systematic search for articles related to dermatitis, with focus in the pathophysiology and treatment and its impact on Latin America, and reviewed using the Delphi methodology (Revista Alergia Mexico 2014;61:178-211). In this article we highlight the key points of consensus and particular considerations in Latin America.

Trigger and risk factors in asthma are multiple, the most relevant at the time are: genetic, infectious (viral, bacterial, fungi and parasites), environmental (allergens, smoking, irritants, pollutants of cars, industries, work environment, etc.) and obesity. Asthma severity meets influenced by the age, sex, pregnancy, immunological system immaturity and the atopic march. The pathogeny of the inflammatory allergic process more than an imbalance Th1/Th2, mast cells, eosinophils and IgE, today includes the important participation of other elements such as: Th17 or IL-17, IL-23, IL-25, IL-27, Tregs, TLRs, NODs, MAs, DCs, bronchial epithelial cells, chemokines, neurokinins, ICAM-1, NO (iNO). Besides other elements that influence the inflammatory response amplification and the remodeling of the airway epithelium.

Spongiform encephalopthies are the human and other mammal diseases caused by proins - infectious protein particles. Diseases are either transmissible or sporadic. It is believed that prions /PrPsc / are altered form of the normal cellular protein /PrPc / coded by prnp gene in human and animal cells. Normal PrPc has a- helix conformation, which changes to b - sheet form as a consequence of the interaction with the infectious PrPsc. It occurs when host organism is invaded by prions through the oral or jatrogenic route. The spontaneous conversion from PrPc to PrPsc may occurs in human whose PRNP gene carries mutations in certain codons. The molecular mechanism of the conversion into infectious form is not fully understood, especially in case of spontaneous form of disease. There are few hypotheses that attempt to explain the origin of PrPsc appearance what is the issue of the article. Przed blisko dwudziesty laty Stanley Prusiner /laureat nagrody Nobla z 1997 roku/ wywołał znaczne zami...