Measurement and Evaluation

A 7-item measure was created to represent the most emphasized aspects of Positive Discipline, a type of parenting program based on Adlerian psychology. We examined the reliability and validity of this scale using an online internet sample, and a smaller community sample, with additional measures of parenting style and stress.

This report aims to introduce the fundamental features of the free Jamovi software to academics in the field of educational measurement for use at undergraduate and graduate level research. As such, after introducing the R based interface and the integrated development environment, the core functions of Jamovi are presented, the installation for GNU7Linux, Windows, and MacOS is explained and screenshots of frequently conducted statistical analyses are provided. Additionally, the module support of Jamovi is presented, along with a use case scenario on developing further functionality for Jamovi using modules. Specifically, conducting meta-analysis and Bayesian statistics using modules in Jamovi are explained through examples.

At the end of the twentieth century and beginning of the twenty-first century, the new current in terms of studying the shapes of human intelligence, risen from the transpersonal psychology area, brought to the world the third type of intelligence that tends to become acknowledged (after its antecessors: cognitive intelligence and emotional intelligence): „spiritual intelligence”. Spiritual intelligence, as defined by researchers, is strongly connected to the fulfillment of a human being’s profound need – to feel that everything has a meaning, a purpose. It is the intelligence that makes us whole and renders our integrity. It is the intelligence of the soul, the profound self-intelligence. It is the intelligence that makes us ask ourselves fundamental, existential questions and overcome the boundaries we were used to. The psychologists that discovered this type of intelligence say that its development guarantees the psychic health. The main challenges, which occurred once we accepte...

Assessing the impact of security interventions is a challenging -yet essential -endeavour. Without adequate expertise, resources, and political will, impact assessments are unlikely to contribute effectively to rule of law programming, drug control policy, efforts to tackle organized crime, or countering violent extremism (CVE) interventions. Rigorous impact assessment, on the other hand, can stimulate innovation, and improve both the effectiveness and efficiency of security interventionsimportant for beneficiary communities and financially-strapped donors alike. However, effective impact assessment in volatile environments is challenging: insecurity itself complicates assessment design, implementation, and analysis.

Colour is the first attribute subject to consumer perception in determining food quality and, in many cases, this is the only possible mean to qualify product at purchase. For this reason, the description of colour by analytical methods is fundamental in food processing control. Computer vision systems acquire RGB data which are device-dependent and sensitive to the different lightning. Therefore, they are not directly useful for colour evaluation to mimic human vision. On the contrary, traditional colorimeters, which adopt CIELab coordinates, work in human-oriented colour space where euclidean distance between two different colours (∆E) is well related to the difference perceived by human sight. Nevertheless, vision systems have many advantages as the capability of acquiring larger areas of the food surface and the easiness of implementation in automated plants at low costs. Neural networks, trained on a set of selected colour samples, can approximate RGB to L*a*b* relationships to characterise the colour of food samples under test. The aim of this paper is to present a rapid method based on neural networks for the calibration of a CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) camera colour acquisition system to obtain reliable L*a* b* information. Preliminary results concerning the influence of the composition of the training test and the camera settings (aperture and time of exposure) on the reliability and accuracy of the colour measurement system are also discussed.

While governments are responsible for monitoring and evaluating health reforms and overall performance, this chapter explains why some of this function has shifted in recent years to specialized intergovernmental bodies, and increasingly, to organizations and networks external to European countries and the federal and provincial governments in Canada. In particular, it examines academic networks that have emerged in response to the need for better comparative data analysis. Some attention is devoted to the potential impact of these academic networks.

This study aimed to evaluate the viability to use Uchi-komi (UK) in the evaluation of the judo endurance performance and using lactate threshold the analysis of the blood lactate ([Lac]) and heart rate (HR) determined through a lactate minimum test. The subjects were a group of 6 male, volunteer judokas, from 25.17 ± 5.76 years old, weight 84.50 ± 23.78 kg and height 1.78 ± 0.10 m, competitors of different levels of performance (from regional to international competitions) and match experience of (11 ± 6) years old. Three tests were performed: a) 3000 m dash in track, b) the adapted test of lactate minimum for running and c) for UK, with execution of the blow ippon-seoi-nague. No significant difference was evident for the track tests and UK in relation to blood lactate and heart rate (p > 0.05) (3.87 ± 0.38 vs 4.17 ± 0.54 mmol•L-1 and 167 ± 2 vs 152 ± 7 b•min-1 , respectively). In conclusion it is stressed that: 1) The specific test for lactate minimum in judo sport is a promising possibility of aerobic capacity evaluation and a instrument of intensity training control; 2) The metabolic profile in V lm and UK lm is similar, because there are not differences in the [Lac] and in the HR at this intensity; 3) It is possible to estimate the training intensity through the determination of the lactate minimum intensity in running (V lm) and the Heart Rate associated (HR) from the execution of ippon-seoi-nague (uchi-komi) in judo training; 4) The V lm for judo athletes is approximately 88% of the V 3000 .

Moving from the 'focus on form' teaching approach such as grammar translation and audiolingualism, recently more language teachers have noticed the failure of form focusing approach in developing learners' communicative ability in real-life situations and shifted to adopt the communicative language teaching (CLT). The CLT approach highlights learners' communicative competence (Hymes, 1972) which is defined as learners' ability to efficiently express what they mean in the target language and successfully achieve communications in real-life situations (Lightbown and Spada, 1999; Power, 2003). In order to do so, learners not only need to acquire the linguistic but pragmatic knowledge of the TL (Hedgcock, 2002). It is suggested that competence, both linguistic and pragmatic, is the knowledge developed and acquired through exposure and use (Kasper, 1997). In other words, without sufficient exposure needed for learners to notice and acquire the language input and chanc...

Planung und Evaluation im Public-Affairs-Management (PA) erfordern eine strategische Vorstellung von Ziel-Mittel-Relationen sowie Verlaufs- und Ergebnisinformationen über Veränderungen. Der Beitrag gibt in drei Teilen einen Überblick über Probleme und Lösungsideen dieser Aufgabe, die weniger der schematischen Kontrolle als der Strategiekompetenz und Lernkultur dienen sollte. Der erste Abschnitt umreißt die Ambivalenzen und Grenzen der PA-Metrie und legt dar, wie Werttreiber und Wirkungsmodelle einen Planungs- und Evaluationsrahmen für einzelne Messkonzepte bilden. Die zwei folgenden Abschnitte erläutern praktische Anwendungen: Bewertungstechniken für dauerhafte Verbandsmitgliedschaften von Unternehmen und stärker projektbezogen für das Lobbying bei Einzelvorhaben.

The  aim  of  this  paper  is  to  highlight  the  areas where  the  current  education  system  is  lacking  and  how outcome    based    education    system    can    be    successfully implemented  to  prevent  that  area  where  focus  is  needed. This  paper  specifically  focuses  on  engineering  educational system,  how  balance  between  knowledge  and  practical  skill set  can  be  given  focus  for  betterment  of  educational  system
and learning.

As projects progress from pilot studies with few simple variables and small samples, the research process as a whole becomes qualitatively more complex and subject to an array of contamination by errors and mistakes. Data usually undergo a series of manipulations (e.g., recording, computer entry, transmission) prior to final statistical analysis. The process, then, consists of numerous operations only ending with eventual statistical analysis and write-up. We present a means of estimating the impact of process error in the same terms as psychometric reliability and discuss the implications for reducing the impact of errors on overall data quality.

Especially after 1990, a kind of homogeneity has been seen in the design of
poverty alleviation policies in Latin America. The studies about the formulation of social policies
have been given good experiences by Latin America countries, particularly regarding anti-poverty
policies. This paper studied the evolution details about the design of mitigation poverty programs
implemented in Mexico, Brazil and Peru. These countries were chosen as representative cases
concerned with poverty alleviation schemes in the region. The methodology used the path
dependence concept to analyze anti-poverty schemes designed by these countries. This paper
focused on Conditional Cash Transfer and anti-poverty strategies implemented in these three
countries. The research showed evidence of a learning process during the path dependence
procedure among the formulation of anti-poverty schemes in Mexico, Brazil and Peru.

Sommario. In questo lavoro si presentano i primi risultati sulla valutazione della formazione continua in Emilia-Romagna Parole chiave: formazione continua, valutazione di efficacia, sicurezza socioeconomica Classificazione JEL: J24, J31 Autore corrispondente: [email protected] 1 1 Il lavoro è una sintesi dell'esperienza di valutazione promossa in Emilia-Romagna. -Assessorato Lavoro, Scuola, Università e Formazione Professionale − nell'ambito del Programma Operativo Regionale del FSE (DGR 3040 del 28 dicembre 2001). La società Poleis ha realizzato e coordinato il progetto, avvalendosi della collaborazione dei responsabili dell'AERL (Agenzia Emilia-Romagna

The finding by Maier et al. [1] that Network News Transport Protocol (NNTP) traffic is responsible for up to 5 % of residential network traffic inspires us to revisit today's Usenet usage. For this purpose we have developed an NNTP analyzer for the Bro network intrusion detection system. We find that NNTP is intensively used by a small fraction of the residential broadband lines that we study and that almost all traffic is to NNTP servers that require subscription for a monthly fee. The accessed content resembles what one might expect from file-sharing systemsarchives and multimedia files. Accordingly, it appears that NNTP is used by some as a high performance alternative to traditional P2P file-sharing options such as eDonkey or BitTorrent.

— An automatic verification of person's identity from its voice is a part of modern telecommunication services. In order to execute a verification task, a speech signal has to be transmitted to a remote server. So, a performance of the verification system can be influenced by various distortions that can occur when transmitting a speech signal through a communication channel. This paper studies an effect of the state of art wideband (WB) speech codecs on a performance of automatic speaker verification in the context of a channel/codec mismatch between enrollment and test utterances. The speaker verification system is developed on GMM-UBM method. The results show that EVS codec provides the best performance over all the investigated scenarios in this study. Moreover, deploying G.729.1 codec in a training process of the verification system provides the best equal error rate in the fully-codec mismatched scenario. Anyhow, differences between the equal error rates reported for all of the codecs involved in this scenario are mostly nonsignificant.

The purpose of this study is to situate relational public diplomacy in the larger picture of international affairs. Contemporary public diplomacy practice proclaims to be spending more resources on establishing relations than disseminating messages. However, scholarly works within the field of public diplomacy tend to reflect the old information-based enactment of public diplomacy. There is thus a need to articulate the causal mechanism through which these new

Master's thesis shows the way Slovenian public administration reforms from the pre-accession negotiations by the full membership of the European Union in the light of convergence and integration of the principles of the European Administrative Space (EAS) in the Slovenian administrative system. The master thesis systematically shows the formation of EAS in response to the need of administrative Europeanization of Central and Eastern European countries (CEE countries), which include also Slovenia.
In the process of integration into the European Community as a result of lack acquis communautaire in the field of public administration developed principles of European governance as common standards and values of good governance as well as a mechanism to reform-oriented reformation of public administrations of CEE countries. These principles are reliability and predictability, openness and transparency, accountability, and efficiency and effectiveness. Public administration reform in Slovenia is the process of EU accession followed the principles and objectives of EAS in order to fully and successfully integrate administrative system in the European policy-making and implementation of common European policies. In this context plays a key role administrative capacity of each country, as it is essential for the successful implementation of the acquis. In the pre-accession annual reports of the European Commission's assessment of administrative capacity of Slovenia administrative system were improved with strong political will, the willingness of public administration modernization and reform proposals and to adopt legislative proposals. Slovenia is on the political, strategic, legal and executive level taken several steps in the direction of approaching European standards of governance.
The aim and purpose of the thesis is to present a comprehensive process of integrating principles of EAS in the Slovenian space through administrative reform proposals, amendments to key legislation, reorganization of the system of public administration and development of human resources and the commitment to successful, transparent and effective public administration. In the first narrative tasks is shown theoretical approach to understanding the emergence and development of European administrative space as a new administrative concept, while the second part of the thesis devoted to introducing and implementing the principles of EAS in the Slovenian public administration, which is shown on the adopted level political commitments, government policies, strategies and legislation. Annual state of Slovenia on the implementation of the principles is illustrated on the basis of qualitative indicators relevant international databases.

Substantial progress has been achieved in voice-based biometrics in recent times but a variety of challenges still remain for speech research community. One such obstacle is reliable speaker authentication from speech signals degraded by lossy compression. Compression is commonplace in modern telecommunications, such as mobile telephony, VoIP services, teleconference, voice messaging or gaming. In this study, the authors investigate the effect of lossy speech compression on text-independent speaker verification. Voice biometrics performance is evaluated on clean speech signals distorted by the state-of-the-art narrowband (NB) as well as wideband (WB) speech codecs. The tests are performed in both channel-matched and channel-mismatched scenarios. The test results show that coded WB speech improves voice authentication precision by 1–3% of equal error rate over coded NB speech, even at the lowest investigated bitrates. It is also shown that the enhanced voice services codec does not p...

The research of Balanced Scorecard and the Operation of Start-Ups in Thailand. The objective is to study Balanced Scorecard and the Operation of Start-Ups in Thailand. The factors of research include Financial Perspective, Customer Perspective, Internal Process Perspective, and Learning and Growth Perspective. That are classified by company factors were including Filed of Business Operation, Duration of Operation, Number of Employee, Round of Fund Raising, and Average Income per Year. The population used is Start-ups firm in Thailand which recorded in National Innovation Agency (NIA). The samples used in this research amount of 177 firms. The questionnaire was instrument of this research. Data wasanalyzed by using SPSS for Social Science Research. The statistics were percentage, minimum, maximum, mean and standard deviation.
The results found that 1) The firms all respondents 177 firms. Most are FinTech 24 firms representing 13.60%, HealthTech 21 firms representing 11.90%, AgriTech 19 firms representing 10.70%, FoodTech 17 firms representing 9.60%, TravelTech 16 firms representing 9.00%, InsurTech and E-Commerce 15 firms representing 8.50%, EdTech and IndustryTech and PropTech 13 firms representing 7.30%, Lifestyle 7 firms representing 4.00%, and Other 4 firms representing 2.30%. Most are operating 1-2 years 73 firms representing 41.20%, 3-4 year 53 firms representing 29.90%, 5-6 years 35 firms representing 19.80%, and more than 7 year 16 firms representing 9.00%. Most have number of employees less than 10 for 65 firms representing 36.70%, 10-20 peoples 51 firms representing 28.80%, 21-30 peoples 32 firms representing 18.10%, and start from 31 peoples upward for 29 firms representing 16.40%. Most are in fund raising round Early Stage for 77 firms representing 43.50%, Serie A 63 firms representing 35.60%, Serie B 23 firms representing 13.00%, Serie C 12 firms representing 6.80%, and Post-Serie C 2 firms representing 1.10%. Most have Average Income per Year less than THB 5,000,000 for 79 firms representing 44.60%, between THB 5,000,001 – 10,000,000 for 40 firms representing 22.60%, between THB 10,000,001 – 15,000,000 for 39 firms representing 22.00% and more than THB 15,000,000 for 19 firms representing 10.70% respectively.
2) BalancedScorecardandtheOperationofStart-upsinThailandisatahighlevel. Considering each perspective, the highest is comprised of Internal Process Perspective and Learning and Growth Perspective respectively. The high level is comprised of Customer perspective, and Financial Perspective respectively.

Introduction: Research has asserted MCQ items using three response options (one correct answer with two distractors) is comparable to, and possibly preferable over, traditional MCQ item formats consisting of four response options (e.g., one correct answer with three distractors), or five response options (e.g., one correct answer with four distractors). Some medical educators have also adopted the practice of using 3-option responses on MCQ exams as a response to the difficulty experienced in generating additional plausible distractors. To date, however, little work has explored how 3-option responses might impact validity threats stemming from random guessing strategies, and what impact 3-option responses might have on cut-score
determinations, particularly in the context of medical education classroom assessments. The purpose of this work is to further explore these critically important considerations that largely have gone ignored in the medical education literature to this point. Methods: A cumulative binomial distribution formula was used
to calculate the probability that an examinee will answer at random a given number of items correctly on any exam (of any length). By way of a demonstration, a variety of scenarios were presented to illustrate how examination length and the number of response options impact examinees’ chances of passing a given examination, and how subsequent cut-score decisions may be impacted by these factors. Results: As a general rule, classroom assessments containing fewer items should utilize traditional 4-option or 5-option responses, whereas assessments of greater length are afforded greater flexibility in potentially utilizing 3-option responses. Conclusions: More research on items with 3-option responses is needed to better understand what value, if any, 3-option responses truly add to classroom assessments, and in what contexts potential benefits might be discernible.

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Fortalezas y debilidades de la educación superior Costarricense. Una aproximación desde la evaluación por pares durante la acreditación Ponencia presentada en el III Congreso Internacional de Investigación Educativa 2015 en la Universidad de Costa Rica Eje temático: Aportes críticos a la evaluación, acreditación y estandarización de los procesos educativos.

The case study is about the experience of the TESP M&E Unit of the evaluation of the trainings of HEIs staff in Pakistan. The case study explains how the M&E Unit standardized the Level-1 evaluation format to analyze the contribution of different elements in making the training a success. The Model produced surprisingly interesting results for improved accountability and planning for future trainings.

Today we are witnessing a process of naturalization of educational interpretations. It affirms that the aspects of education which are observed in a certain period of time can't be changed, because they are necessary (empirical naturalization). The empirical naturalization becomes an ideological one if authoritative sources accept the same idea of necessity.

Publication Name: Itinerarios de investigación educativa. Los editoriales de Cadmo, Milano, Angeli, 2014.

A obra apresenta um guia passo-a-passo para aplicação do Método JT, que é um procedimento de análise, baseado em parâmetros estatísticos, utilizado para avaliar a efetividade de intervenções clínicas ou educacionais, aplicadas a um grupo ou a um único indivíduo. O Método utiliza dois indicadores: o Índice de Mudança Confiável (IMC), que analisa se os resultados positivos são consequência da intervenção realizada, e a Significância Clínica, que verifica de que forma a melhora alcançada com a intervenção foi funcionalmente relevante para a vida do participante.

O livro tem por objetivo divulgar o Método JT para os profissionais, favorecer a discussão da importância em investigar a significância clínica dos resultados das intervenções e fornecer um manual que ensina a operacionalização do Método por meio do aplicativo Excel, da Microsoft.

A obra é indicada para profissionais e pesquisadores de diferentes áreas das Ciências Humanas e da Saúde, em especial para aqueles que atuam diretamente com intervenções clínicas e educacionais. Além disso, o livro pode ser um material importante para profissionais da Estatística interessados nas necessidades de pesquisadores em conhecer os resultados de suas intervenções.

Au cours de ces dernières décennies, de nombreuses
méthodes et outils d’évaluation des Interfaces Hommes-
Machines (IHM) ont été proposés. Ces derniers
permettent d’effectuer des évaluations qualitatives ou
quantitatives. En général, les résultats de ces évaluations
sont présentés de manière indépendante ce qui rend
difficile la prise de décision finale d’évaluation. Dans cet
objectif, nous avons besoin d'analyser les données
quantitatives et qualitatives de façon complémentaire. A
partir de cette constatation, nous proposons l’intégration
des évaluations qualitative et quantitative en utilisant des
indicateurs de qualité fondés sur la norme ISO/IEC
15939. Ces indicateurs présentent des outils qui
fournissent une base pour l’aide à la prise de décision sur
la qualité des IHM par rapport aux critères de qualité.
Cet article présente un exemple de construction et
d’utilisation d’un indicateur avec un résultat des
premières expérimentations pour illustrer son utilité.

Il percorso di ogni famiglia è caratterizzato da un susseguirsi di momenti piacevoli e da momenti di difficoltà dovuti a cambiamenti e novità, crisi e eventi traumatici. In queste situazioni la famiglia vive una situazione di vulnerabilità, che sarà tanto più contenuta quanto più saranno disponibili le risorse necessarie per costruire un processo di riorganizzazione positivo . Durante questi momenti sono messe alla prova le stesse capacità dei genitori di mantenere un processo ben-trattante per i figli , che può portare a volte a manifestare «una carenza significativa o un'assenza nelle risposte date ai bisogni di un bambino» (Lacharité et al., 2006, p. 383). Possono così svilupparsi forme di negligenza (in fr. negligénce, in inglese child neglect), «una carenza significativa o l'assenza di risposte ai bisogni di un bambino, bisogni riconosciuti come fondamentali, sulla base delle conoscenze scientifiche attuali e/o dei valori sociali adottati dalla comunità in cui il bambino vive» (ivi, p. 384).

The Perth Emotional Reactivity Scale (PERS) is a 30-item self-report measure of trait levels of emotional reactivity. In this article, we examine the psychometric properties of the PERS subscale and composite scores in an adult community sample (N = 428), and develop an 18-item short form of the measure (PERS–S). The PERS and PERS–S are designed to assess the typical ease of activation, intensity, and duration of one's emotional responses, and do so for positive and negative emotions separately. Our confirmatory factor analyses supported that the PERS and PERS–S both had the same theoretically congruent factor structure, and that all subscale and composite scores displayed high internal consistency reliability. Correlations with scores from established measures of psychopathology and emotion regulation also supported the validity of PERS and PERS–S scores. Our data therefore suggest that the PERS–S subscale and composite scores retain the psychometric strengths of their longer PERS counterparts. We conclude that both forms of the measure have good utility. Clinical and research applications are discussed.

Some Nigerian universities have adopted computer-based test (CBT) for their courses/examinations and means of testing students. The perceptions of students on CBT in Nigerian universities have not been established and very few studies have focused on determining students’ perceptions of CBT. Thus, there was a need for this study to investigate students’ perceptions of CBT. The objective of this study was to investigate students’ perceptions of the usefulness; ease of use and credibility of CBT in Nigerian universities. The study adopted survey method of descriptive research. Sample was drawn from students from four Nigerian universities: Covenant University; Kogi State University; University of Ibadan; and University of Ilorin. A total of 1506 students’ represent the sample for the study. Data was analysed using percentage and mean to answer the research questions. The study revealed that students also had positive rating on perceived usefulness (64.3%), ease of use (66.1%), and credibility (67%) of CBT. The study concluded that students perceived CBT as useful, easy to use and credible. The implication is that the perception of the usefulness, ease of use and credibility of CBT will lead to increase in use of CBT in Nigerian universities. It was recommended among others that Nigerian universities should improve the efficiency of computer-based test to increase its credibility.
Key words: Computer-based test, Credibility, ease of use, Students’ perception

Este artigo apresenta o desenvolvimento do questionário “Experiências em Relações Próximas”, versão Portuguesa do “Experiences in Close Relationships” (Brennan, Clark, & Shaver, 1998), bem como dados relativos à sua precisão e validade. Este questionário ...

Although the social relevance of digital gaming has been discussed and investigated in cultural and sociological readings, social context has been largely neglected in terms of in-game player experience. In this paper we present a study in which player experience is empirically tested comprehen-sively, with the focus on the interplay between player enjoyment and social context. Self reports on the Game Experience Questionnaire and an aggression state questionnaire were explored for three play configurations: virtual, mediated, and co-located co-play. Additionally, effects of familiarity and winning vs. losing were tested. Results indicate that a co-located co-player significantly adds to the fun, challenge, and perceived competence in the game. Aggression was influenced by familiarity and performance. The effect of social context was mediated by the level of social presence. These findings illustrate that social context is an important determinant of player enjoyment and should be incorporated in models of player experience.

"En las últimas décadas la preocupación de la sociedad por la calidad de vida no ha dejado de ir en aumento, pero durante todo este tiempo no se ha tenido en cuenta que las personas con discapacidad intelectual también necesitaban mejorar la suya. Se consideraba que no eran capaces de autogobernar su vida, de poder decidir cómo quieren que ésta sea y poder gestionar los cambios necesarios para conseguirla. Ahora se sabe que esto no es así, y el primer paso para lograr una mejora de la calidad de vida de estas personas consiste, inexcusablemente, en medir tanto el nivel inicial de la misma, como la capacidad de
autodeterminación y la necesidad de apoyos de cada una de ellas, ya que no puede existir un cambio en su calidad de vida sin un establecimiento previo de la situación de partida que haga posible determinar qué aspectos concretos se desea mejorar. Así, la presente comunicación pretende mostrar los instrumentos de medida más recientes y mejor adaptados a la población española con discapacidad intelectual para conseguir alcanzar este objetivo."

Measurement is a core activity and challenge in all social sciences, and the complex nature of interpersonal communication makes it particularly challenging to measure. This entry provides a discussion of basic concepts in measurement and an introduction to the myriad considerations to be made in measuring constructs in interpersonal communication. It includes a review of the advantages and disadvantages of the most common techniques for measuring interpersonal communication, including observational assessments, self-reports, diaries and logs, and physiological assessments. In addition to the perennial challenges of measuring in interpersonal communication scholarship, this entry notes some of the promises and difficulties implicit in the rise of new communication technologies in interpersonal interaction.

Öz: Bu araştırmanın amacı, geleneksel ölçme ve değerlendirme yaklaşımlarını destekleyici olarak tamam-layıcı ölçme ve değerlendirme yaklaşımı kullanımının öğrencilerin Fen Bilimleri dersindeki tutum ve başarılarına olan etkisini sınamaktır. Deneysel çalışma hazır gruplar üzerinde yapılmıştır. Mevcut üç şubeden ikisi kura ile atanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu biri deney (n=17) diğeri kontrol (n=17) grubu olmak üzere iki sınıf oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada ön-test son-test kontrol gruplu deneysel desen kullanılmıştır. Deney grubuna geleneksel ölçme ve değerlendirme yaklaşımlarını destekleyici olarak tamamlayıcı ölçme ve değerlendirme yaklaşımları, kontrol grubuna ise sadece geleneksel ölçme ve değer-lendirme yaklaşımları araştırmacı tarafından uygulanmıştır. Uygulama öncesi deney ve kontrol gruplarına uygulama öncesinde ve sonrasında "Fen Bilgisi Dersi Tutum" ölçeği ile "Akademik Başarı Testi" envanterleri ön test olarak uygulanmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen verilerin analizi tek faktörlü kovaryans analizi (ANCOVA) kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, geleneksel ölçme ve değerlendirme yaklaşımlarını destekleyici olarak uygulanan tamamlayıcı ölçme ve değerlendirme yaklaşımlarının uygu-landığı deney grubundaki öğrenciler ile sadece geleneksel ölçme ve değerlendirme yaklaşımlarının uygu-landığı kontrol grubundaki öğrencilerin akademik başarıları ve fen bilgisi dersine yönelik tutumları arasında manidar bir farkın olmadığı saptanmıştır. Abstract: The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of complementary measurement and assessment approach supporting traditional measurement and assessment approaches, on the attitude and success in Science and Technology course. The experimental study was made on ready groups. Two classes out of three were assigned by drawing. The study group of the research consists of two classes, one of which is the experiment group (n=17) and the other is the control group (n=17). In the research, experimental pattern with pre-test post-test control group was employed. Complementary measurement and assessment approaches supporting traditional measurement and assessment approaches were applied to experiment group and only traditional measurement and assessment approaches were applied to control group by the researcher. "Science and Technology Course Attitude" and "Academic Success Test" inventories were applied to experiment and control groups as pretest before application. The analysis of the data obtained from the study was assessed using the one factor covariance analysis (ANCOVA). As a result, there was no significant difference observed between the Science and Technology Course attitude and academic success of the students both in the experiment group and in control group.

Abstract:
This article analyzes how historical
knowledge is assessed in England and
Spain in the exams taken by students at
the end of Compulsory Secondary Education.
For this purpose, a sample of incidental
nature was collected with a total of
40 exams (20 for each country) and 400
questions. To analyze these documents,
a database was designed with different
categories: typology of questions; required
cognitive level; concepts of historical
thinking assessed. The quantitative data were exported to SPSS 19.0 with a view
to analyzing the frequencies, percentages
and the relationship between variables.
The results showed significant differences
between the two countries. While in
Spain memory-based knowledge of facts,
data and concepts continues to dominate,
in England, the methodological aspects of
historical evidence, source analysis, and
historical argumentation are even more
important.
Key words:
Historical knowledge; Historical Competencies;
Exams; Assessment; Secondary
Education.