Adjustment theory

Comment: This chapter develops portions of an invited symposium presentation I gave at ISTSS in November 2004 . In particular, we conduct a "10 year follow up" of a surprisingly scathing keynote address that developmental psychopathology pioneer Norman Garmezy gave at ISTSS. In that address, Garmezy criticized the traumatic stress field for its naive, inconsistent, and confusing approach to defining and studying resilience, and for failing to take advantage of 15 years' worth of work in developmental psychopathology. A (heavily) annotated version of my symposium presentation is available under the "Talks" tab herein (note that my symposium presentation contains some content not subsequently developed in my subsequent chapters and articles; i.e., unique content).

Biculturalism (having two cultures) is a growing social phenomenon that has received considerable attention in psychology in the last decade; however, the issue of what impact (if any) biculturalism has on individuals’ adjustment remains empirically unclear. To answer this question, we conducted a meta-analysis that included 83 studies, 322 rs, and 23,197 participants. Results based on the random-effects approach show a significant, strong, and positive association between biculturalism and adjustment (both psychological and sociocultural). This biculturalism-adjustment link is stronger than the association between having one culture (dominant or heritage) and adjustment. Thus, our results clearly invalidate early sociological accounts of this phenomenon, which portrayed bicultural individuals as “marginal” and stumped between two worlds. Analyses also indicate that the association between biculturalism and adjustment is moderated by how acculturation is measured, the adjustment domain, and sample characteristics.

Academic achievements as reflected in the General Weighted Averages (GWAs) of 329 college freshmen were correlated with their scores in the Academic Adjustment Difficulties (AAD) domain of the College Freshmen Adjustment Difficulties Inventory (CFADI). This was done to see if relationship exists between GWAs and scores in the said domain of CFADI. GWA is the average of grades in all subjects taken, whether passed or failed and serves as an indicator of students’ academic achievement in a given school year. It is reflected in the fourth year high school report cards of college freshmen. On the other hand, the CFADI is a researcher-developed inventory. The inventory has been initially proven valid (as reviewed by Registered Guidance Counselors and item factor loadings ranging from 0.401 to 0.743 based on the 0.40 cutoff for screening of items) and reliable (Cronbach’s Alpha value of 0.984 indicating high internal consistency). Specifically, the AAD domain of CFADI has 24 items (Cronbach’s Alpha value= 0.964). Statistical analysis showed that there was a significant negative relationship between GWAs and scores in the AAD domain of CFADI (r= -0.380) and was significant at the 0.01 level.

يهدف البحث إلى الكشف عن العلاقة بين الازدهار النفسي وتقدير الذات والتوافق مع الحياة الجامعية لدى عينة من الطلاب في جامعة قطر، كما يهدف إلى تعرف الفروق بين عينة الدراسة في ضوء النوع والفرقة الدراسية والحالة الاجتماعية والتفاعل بينهم في تلك المتغيرات، وإمكانية التنبؤ بالتوافق مع الحياة الجامعية من خلال الازدهار النفسي وتقدير الذات. تكونت عينة الدراسة من 329 طالبًا وطالبة من طلاب جامعة قطر، طبق عليهم الباحثان مقياس الازدهار النفسي (Diener et al., 2009) ومقياس تقدير الذات (Rosenberg, 1965) ومقياس التوافق مع الحياة الجامعية (Baker & Siryk, 1989). وتشير نتائج الدراسة إلى وجود علاقة ارتباطية دالة إحصائيا بين الازدهار النفسي وتقدير الذات والتوافق مع الحياة الجامعية لدى عينة الدراسة. كما أشارت النتائج إلى وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية تعزى للنوع على بعد التوافق الشخصي الانفعالي والازدهار لصالح الذكور، كما ظهرت فروق تعزى للحالة الاجتماعية على التوافق الأكاديمي، والتعلق، والدرجة الكلية، وتقدير الذات والازدهار النفسي لصالح المتزوجين. وأخيرا، أظهرت النتائج أنه يمكن التنبؤ بالتوافق مع الحياة الجامعية وأبعاده الفرعية من خلال الازدهار النفسي وتقدير الذات.

A strategy for adaptive control and energetic optimization of aerobic fermentors was implemented, with both air flow and agitation speed as manipulated variables. This strategy is separable in its components: control, optimization, estimation. We optimized parameter’s estimation (from the usual KLa correlation) using sinusoidal excitation of air flow and agitation speed. We have implemented parameter’s estimation trough recursive least squares algorithm with forgetting factor. We carried separate essays on control, optimization and estimation algorithms. We carried our essays using an original computational simulation environment, with noise and delay generating facilities for data sampling and filtering.

Our results show the convergence and robustness of the estimation algorithm used, improved with use of both forgetting factor and KLa dead-band facilities. Control algorithm used in our work compares favorably with PID using the integrated area criteria for deviation between oxygen molarity and critical molarity (set point). Optimization algorithm clearly reduces energetic consumption, respecting critical molarity. Integration of control, optimization and adaptive algorithms was implemented, but future work is needed for stability. Methods were defined and implemented for stability improvement. We have implemented data acquisition and computer manipulation of air flow and agitation speed for actual fermentors.

As American high school seniors graduate and prepare to attend college, these students must change in order to adapt to the new rituals that higher education presents. Teens, for the most part, leave their family structure and their normal everyday routines to pursue a degree and a chance for a good paying job.

However, these students can be unsure about their new collegiate environment. They can feel scared about moving away from their family, friends and their local community. More teens are looking at online social networks, primarily Facebook, to gain awareness of the surroundings that they are moving into. Since the advent of online social networks, there has been little research regarding how students are using this new channel of communication to adapt to the collegiate culture. This dissertation will document my triangulation study of American first-year college students’ use of Facebook as a mode of adapting to college life and how their participation on Facebook relates to their “real world” interactions.

The focus of this research will explain three of the core functions of Facebook as they relate to the development of a first year college student; (1) Facebook as a “stream of awareness” for the student, (2) Facebook as a point of engagement between the student and the collegiate environment and (3) Facebook as a “real world” community builder. These functions will be explored through the use of three methods: a survey exploring how Facebook is helping first year college students adapt and cope to their new lives on campus; a series of interviews addressing the issues that first year students are facing on campus, and the relationship between those issues and the students’ online presentation, and a virtual ethnography study of students’ Facebook profiles with a focus on how students’ online presentation impacts their everyday lives on campus.

The purpose of the study was to compare adjustment and examination anxiety of secondary level school students in relation to their academic achievement. The present study was carried out with A sample of 200 students (100 high achiever students and 100 low achiever students) studying in various secondary schools in the district of Murshidabad of West Bengal state. The sample was selected by Disproportionate Stratified Random Sampling technique. A Bengali version standardized tool of adjustment of developed by "Adjustment Inventory for School Students (AISS)" developed by Dr. A.K.P. Sinha and Dr. R.P. Singh (Patna) and "Students' Examination Anxiety Test" (SEAT) developed by Dr. Madhu Agrawal and Miss Varsha Kaushal were used for collection of primary data. The data were analyzed with the help of Mean, SD and Critical Ratio to study adjustment and examination anxiety of secondary level school students. The result showed that there existed difference in the adjustment and examination anxiety of secondary level school students in relation to their academic achievement. It was evident from the result that mean adjustment score of low academic achievers is greater than that of high academic achievers The result also revealed that there was significant difference in educational anxiety of secondary school students in relation to achievement.

ABSTRACT – The fast pace of building in several Brazilian cities, involving construction of roads, houses, government buildings, schools, among others is quite noticeable in the last ten years. We highlight the rapid development in the Brazilian Northeast, and particularly in the state
of Pernambuco, with the construction of the yard and industrial area around the Suape port; the transposition of the São Francisco River; the Transnordestine roads and the 2014 World Cup
stadiums, as well as the increasing number of new buildings throughout the Recife Metropolitan
Region (RMR) in a short time interval. In this scenario, the positional and dimensional control consist of very important steps during the planning and execution of a work. If this is neglected, disastrous consequences may take place, which could impact directly in the construction work, causing a variety of defects. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully control the topographic /  geodetic methods employed for the determination of reference points and object points. This paper
aims to present a methodology for the definition of the Reference System for the location of building constructions with the use of dual frequency GNSS receivers and total stations. With this positioning methods on static GNSS and methods of traversing, backward intersection, forward intersection, bilateration and double irradiation were employed. The geodetic GNSS receivers
implanted structures served to georeferencing and to the definition of a Topographic System Local SIRGAS2000. Despite the fact that NBR 14645-3/2005 recommends the method to traverse the definition of the Reference System for the location, in this work, the other methods mentioned above were used. They were compared and analyzed; we emphasize the employment of these methods for the definition of the Reference System for the location.

This report is a new version of that of 2008. It is a statement of the reasons concerning the unification of the Tunisian terrestrial geodetic systems to meet the needs of the cartographic, topographic works and the installation of the geographical and cadastral information systems.

Present day society in highly competitive. This competitiveness has posed several challenges before the society and the susceptible individuals. Every individual wants to be equipped with the knowledge of mass media so as to face these challenges. The social networking sites highly affects the different aspect of an individual's life like his emotional intelligence, his study-habits his adjustment, his understanding etc.



            There have been many research works which have been done on the topic, "Impact of social networking sites on children, students, adolescent, adults and society." But there has been a need to have a research on the impact of social networking sites on study habits and adjustment of students and adolescents and therefore, this topic has been chosen by the researcher. Since the education now is not limited to the classroom but has taken lot of change due to availability of information on all subjects through social networking sites, there has been definitely a change in the study habits and adjustment of college students, which need to be looked into. The present study covers the impact of social networking social networking sites Twitter and Facebook available, are the most powerly and widely available social networking sites and therefore, the research has been mainly focused on these two. sites on study habits and adjustment dimensions of adolescents. Among all the Study habits differ from person to person. Some find its more interesting and convenient to study late in the night whereas some cannot awake late but find it more useful to get up early in the morning and study let there be any method or any time, main aim should be to get information through the media of newspapers, magazines, books and other method to enrich the knowledge besides using for the benefit of the reader or student.

Free trilateration networks in the 2D and 3D space, ranging from a local to a global scale, are continuously designed and established with a wide variety of objectives such as: cartographic, geodynamics, civil engineering, cadastral among others, using – for example-the Global Positioning System (GPS) among others Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). To evaluate the quality of the adjustment of a free trilateration network it is very useful to characterize properly the datum definition involved. The geodetic datum definition is the set of all conventions, algorithms and constants necessaries to define and realize the origin, orientation, scale and their time evolution of a Geodetic Reference System (GRS), in such a way that these attributes are accessible to the users through occupation, direct or indirect observation. In this work, we deal with the adjustment of a two-dimensional free trilateration network constituted by physical points, where distances between these points have been observed. For the network adjustment, it is used a coordinate based formulation in a no stochastic linear model through a underdetermined consistent system of indirect linear observational equations. The network point positions are defined in a Geodetic Reference System of Cartesian Coordinate (x,y): GRS(x,y). The GRS(x,y) is characterized by : a) right-handed convention is adopted for the axis; b) the origin is a point not specified of the Earth ; c) the ox (+) and oy(+) axis do not have specified orientations; d) the scale or length defined of the unit vectors along ox and oy is the meter (SI), and it is realized by the observed distances of the trilateration network. The lack of definition in the origin and orientation of the GRS(x,y) cause a datum defect and a rank-deficiency in the design matrix. The solution of the adjustment of the free trilateration network called Minimum Norm Solution with respect to the R–seminorm (R-MINOS) of the underdetermined consistent system of indirect linear observational equations is obtained based in an optimum criterion, which resolves the datum problem. The set of the physical points of the trilateration with coordinates given by the R-MINOS is the Geodetic Reference Frame of Cartesian Coordinate (x,y): GRF(x,y)-(R-MINOS). In this work, the GRF(x,y)-(R-MINOS) is characterized when R is the identity matrix (I) and when R is a positive semidefinite matrix. It is shown that, for R equal to I, the realization of the origin and orientation of the GRS(x,y) is given through the fulfillment of the conditions " No Net Translation " (NNT) and " No Net Rotation " (NNR) respectively. As a numerical example, the GRF(x,y)-(R-MINOS) is characterized in the adjustment of a free two-dimensional trilateration network with six points when R is the identity matrix (I) and when R is a positive semidefinite matrix.

"This IgNite speech focused on the summary of my dissertation, 'First Year Students in a Foreign Fabric: A Triangulation Study on Facebook as a Method of Coping/Adjustment.' The presentation will discuss how incoming Freshman coming from multiple backgrounds adjust to the collegiate experience through the use of "centers of interest" to navigate through the "foreign fabric." In five minutes, I will explain what the foreign fabric, centers of interest and connections are. The first part of the speech explained my rationale for selecting my research problematic, which was how first-year college students use online social networks to cope and adjust to their first year of college. The second part explained the methods used during the research. Finally, the presentation ended with what to do with this knowledge based on my dissertation research."

A method of the improvement of the total station observations 3D adjustment by using precise geoid model is presented. The novel concept of using the plumb line direction obtained from the precise geoid model in combined GPS/total station data adjustment is applied. It is concluded that results of the adjustment can be improved if data on plumb line direction is used. Theoretical background shown in the paper was proved with an experiment based on the total station and GPS measurements referred to GRS80 geocentric reference system and with the use of GUGIK2001 geoid model for Poland.

O ritmo acelerado da Construção Civil em diversas cidades brasileiras, envolvendo construção de estradas, moradias, edifícios governamentais, escolas, dentre outras, é bastante perceptível nos últimos dez anos. Ressalta-se o desenvolvimento acelerado na Região Nordeste Brasileira e principalmente no Estado de Pernambuco, com a construção do estaleiro e área industrial do Porto Suape; Transposição do Rio São Francisco; Transnordestina e as Cidades da Copa de 2014, assim como a construção de edifi cações prediais por toda a Região Metropolitana do Recife (RMR) em um curto intervalo de tempo. O controle posicional e dimensional são etapas de grande importância durante o planejamento e execução de uma obra. Caso isso seja negligenciado, pode trazer conseqüências desastrosas, as quais poderão repercutir diretamente na construção da obra, provocando defeitos. Portanto, é necessário um controle rigoroso nos métodos topográfi cos/geodésicos empregados para a determinação de pontos de referência e pontos-objeto. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar a metodologia empregada para a defi nição de Sistema de Referência para a locação de edifi cações prediais com o emprego de receptores GNSS de dupla freqüência e estação total. Neste trabalho foram empregados os métodos de posicionamento GNSS relativo estático e os métodos da poligonação, interseção a vante e a ré, bilateração e irradiação dupla. As estruturas geodésicas implantadas com receptores GNSS serviram para o georreferenciamento e defi nição de um Sistema Topográfi co Local SIRGAS2000. Apesar da NBR 14645-3/2005 recomendar o método da poligonação para a defi nição do Sistema de Referência para a locação, neste trabalho, também foram utilizados os demais métodos citados acima. Os mesmos foram confrontados e analisados, constatando-se o emprego destes para a defi nição do Sistema de Referência para a locação. Para o controle e padronização dos dados adquiridos em campo foram empregadas, as normas nacionais da Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT)

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an educational intervention carried out by nurses for the mental adjustment of people with chronic ulcers in the lower limbs. A prospective analytical and interventional quantitative study was chosen, in which a convenience sample of 21 people with chronic ulcers in the lower limbs followed in two Primary Health Care Units in the Central Region of Portugal was studied. Data collection was carried out through the application of the Mental Adjustment to Illness Scale before and one month after the educational intervention, between September 2017 and February 2018, fulfilling all inherent ethical requirements. With the study, it was found that in the evaluation before the educational intervention (moment 1) the subscales with the largest number of participants classified as adjusted were “Fighting spirit” and “Despair/Hopelessness”. After the educational intervention (moment 2), the subscales that possibly revealed a more fruitful intervention were “Anxious Worry” and “Avoidance/Denial”, with all participants classified as “non-adjusted” at moment 1 to become “adjusted”. ” at moment 2. The only subscale whose number of participants was the same in both moments was “Fighting Spirit”. Thus, we conclude that the educational intervention carried out by the Nurse is relevant for the mental adjustment of people with chronic ulcers in the lower limbs, contributing to the increase of knowledge, improvement of prevention and self-care practices, facilitating the experience of the health/disease transition process.

This study aimed to develop and initially validate an inventory on the adjustment difficulties of college freshmen. This study was conceived in relation to the perennial decline in the enrolment of college freshmen come second semester of every school year. To start with, review of relevant literature was done and eight college freshmen were also asked to identify their adjustment difficulties. The review of relevant literature and the identified adjustment difficulties of eight college freshmen paved the way for the creation of an initial inventory based on major themes identified. The initial inventory was then evaluated by three Registered Guidance Counselors (RGCs). Suggestions given by the RGCs were taken into account in the creation of the inventory for trial-run. Twenty college freshmen agreed to participate in the trial-run and 522 college freshmen representing 12 courses participated in the final test administration. Factor Analysis was used to evaluate the validity of the inventory and four factors were identified. On the other hand, the reliability of the inventory was evaluated using Cronbach’s Coefficient Alpha formula and had a Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.984. The development of the final inventory was based on the results of the evaluation of the inventory’s validity and reliability. For purposes of recognition, the inventory was named “College Freshmen Adjustment Difficulties Inventory.”

The purpose of this work will be to examine the role of new media sources, especially social media hubs and mobile media platforms and those sources’ ability to help cope and adjust to the changes in society and the speed of information. These sources represent the communication technology structure of today’s society. The research for this work was built on a year-long triangulation study that focused on the use of Facebook as it relates to helping people with a move to a new city, which led to the development of three thematics explaining how new media sources help with the coping/adjustment process. The thematics presented within the paper will be a hybrid between the artifacts of the previous research and a modified review of the literature on the elements of modernity. These thematics will also be explained through theory related to modernity & post-modernity. Finally, the work will look at a model of how new media sources help with the modern condition & the future of mediated communication. This model, the liquid mob academy, bridges the gaps between social network theory and psychology of transition.