Acacia Mangium

Laminated composite is a wood panel constructed from timber pieces then are laminated together. Bio-adhesives such as tannin adhesive are a potential alternative to synthetic adhesives. The purposes of this study were to characterize the chemical makeup of tannin from mangium (Acacia mangium) bark extract and to determine the physical-mechanical properties of the panels made from jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba) and sengon (Falcataria moluccana), and adhesives based on either mangium tannin or methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). The panels made from five layers of lamina were 5 cm × 24 cm × 120 cm in thickness, width, and length, respectively. Based on results from gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, mangium tannin had 34.04% phenolic compounds. Both wood species were low density, 0.31 g/cm 3 for sengon and 0.44 g/cm 3 for jabon, with an average moisture content of 12.4%. The panels had better width shrinkage than solid wood, with an anti-shrink efficiency of 72.5%. With regard to mechanical properties, none of the panels met the standard for the MOE or shear strength; however, sengon panel with MDI met the standard for MOR. In the delamination test, sengon panel was resistant to cold water immersion. All panels had low formaldehyde emission and met the standard requirements.

Phosphorus (P) is an essential constituent for all living organisms, scarce with finite reserves. P is deficient in Sub Saharan Africa threatening primary production. That in part is due to the occlusion of P in Fe and Al oxides in the weathered soils. This problem is aggravated by the high cost of P fertilizers, lack of both appropriate technologies for its application and government support to facilitate and strengthen its use in small-scale farming. Evaluation of soil P availability in the mixed-species plantations established on natural savannas in the Congolese coastal plains highlights that high C accretion involves low P availability in the mixed-species (50% acacia and 50% eucalyptus) stands relative to others. P availability in 0-0.05 m in the mixed-species stands (6.94 ± 0.45 mg kg −1) was lower than in acacia (8.07 ± 0.63 mg kg −1) and eucalyptus (8.46 ± 0.79 mg kg −1). C stock in the 0.25 m was higher in the mixed-species (17.8 ± 0.7 t.ha −1) relative to acacia (16.7 t.ha −1 ± 0.4) and eucalyptus (15.9 t.ha −1 ± 0.4). However, afforesting the inherently nutrient-poor and sandy soils beneath savannas evidenced an improvement in soil P availability to plant, along with soil N status and C sequestration in both soil and biomass, with a potential impact on mitigating climate change.

Silvicultural practices that increase wood production in forest plantations are required to achieve society's demand for renewable energy sources. Mixed-species plantations of Eucalyptus and Acacia mangium, a N-fixing species, have been studied as a pathway of ecological intensification, enhancing nitrogen availability and carbon accumulation within the system. Our objective was to compare the potential of bioenergy production in pure and mixed-species plantations. We used calorific values from the literature along with data of wood production measured at five sites in Brazil and Congo with various levels of productivity to calculate the energy produced at the end of stand rotation (on average 6.2 years after planting). We compared pure Eucalyptus stands (100E) to mixed-species stands with the same density of Eucalyptus trees with 25% Acacia trees (100E:25A). At all sites, the mixtures generated energy gains ranging from 0.2 to 36.3% compared to Eucalyptus monocultures. These ga...

Nitrogen is a limiting factor for the growth of Eucalyptus plantations, particularly in subtropical areas characterized by very low soil fertility (e.g.degraded pastures). The association with N2- fixing species such as Acacia mangium is an alternative for ecological intensification of these ecosystems. Enhancement of Eucalyptus trees growth may happen by direct transfer of N fixed by Acacia trees or indirectly through litter decomposition. Field assessments in Congo showed that the productivity of Eucalyptus trees in mixed plantations was significantly increased compared with Eucalyptus alone. Higher N contents in soil of mixed plantations explained such positive impact. In a microcosm experiment, we measured N mineralization in soil sampled from pure stands of Acacia, pure stands of Eucalyptus and from the mixed plantations. The results showed an accumulation of nitrate in the rhizosphere of Acacia. We found that the introduction of Acacia trees changed significantly the structure...

La gestion des sols de plantations industrielles représente un enjeu essentiel pour le maintien de leur fertilité à long terme. Couvrant seulement 5% de la surface forestière mondiale, les plantations répondent à un tiers de la demande en bois de plus en plus forte. L’une des solutions pour assurer leur capacité de production est la fertilisation chimique. Prenant en compte le coût élevé de la fertilisation et ses effets parfois néfastes sur l’environnement, la recherche s’oriente de plus en plus vers des solutions alternatives telles que l’intensification écologique.

Background: Afforestation of savannas in the Congolese coastal plains with eucalypt has provided wood pulp for industry and fuel energy for the local population. Typically, following afforestation, Acacia mangium are introduced to improve soil fertility and sustain productivity. Through investigations of particulate organic matter (POM), potential soil organic matter (SOM) quality was assessed in acacia and eucalypt plantations along rotations. Methods: Nutrients in POM (4000-50 μm) in the 0-5 cm soil layer were measured after five years into the second rotation (R2Y5) in relation to soil pH and P availability. Data were compared to those at the end of the first 7-yearrotation (R1Y7) and after two years into the second rotation (R2Y2) to evaluate overall SOM quality in the topsoil. Results: At R2Y5, soil pH was higher in the pure eucalypt stands (100E) than in stands containing acacia, either in monoculture (100A) or evenly mixed with eucalypt (50A50E). Coarse POM (cPOM, 4000-250 μm) beneath 100A had the highest N concentration (1.71%), followed by those beneath 50A50E (1.42%) and 100E (1.30%). Higher N was always found in the stands containing acacia. Lower sulphur (S) concentrations and P availabilities were observed in cPOM (50A50E). The greatest amount of coarse (414.7 g) and fine (214.5 g) forest floor litter were found in 100A stands, whereas higher C concentrations were found in the 100E stands for coarse forest floor litter (36.5%) and in the 50A50E stands for fine forest floor litter (38.7%). The decrease in cPOM N and C concentrations were lower than 20% (R1Y7) and 26% (R2Y5) relative to the younger stage (R2Y2). This tendency was more pronounced in fine POM (250-50 μm) and organo-mineral fraction (< 50 μm). Conclusions: The main changes occurred in cPOM beneath stands containing acacia while higher weight of forest floor litter was found in 100A. Soil pH decreased in stands containing acacia. Overall N and C dynamics was enhanced in older stands (R2Y5) than in the younger stands (R2Y2). This may reveal a creation of more labile SOM with lower N and C concentrations in POM fractions in the surface layer, i.e., an ecosystem with a lower potential to mitigate climate change along rotations.

As an active part of soil organic matter (SOM), particulate organic matter (POM; 4000-50 μm) quickly reveals changes occurring in SOM status after land-use change. To evaluate the impact of planting eucalypts and acacias in the tropical savannas of Congolese coastal plains on SOM quality, we determined P, N and C concentrations in POM in the 0-10 cm layer in afforested stands (pure or in combination) and savannas. Soil available P in the coarse fraction of POM (cPOM; 4000-250 μm) in afforested stands (> 60 mg kg − 1) was higher than in savannas (11 mg kg − 1), probably due to both high P content and high decomposition rates of organic residues that have accumulated over a 30-year period. However, only in the afforested stands containing acacias was N concentration (> 1.50%) in cPOM higher than in savannas (< 1%), while the whole soil C content of afforested stands (> 1.25%) was significantly higher than in savannas (< 0.60%). Low C:N ratios of whole soil and cPOM in afforested stands containing only acacia confirmed the improvement of N status in these stands compared with afforested stands of pure eucalypt and mixed-species stands. Planting acacias and eucalypts in the savannas of coastal Congolese plains improved SOM quality of inherently infertile soils. This practice may be used for this purpose in other areas of savanna of surrounding countries of the central Africa.

The success of mixed-species tree plantations depends on the balance between positive and negative interactions. Mixtures of Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus urophylla × grandis out-yield their respective monocultures in term of wood production on the Congolese coastal plain, suggesting that facilitation and/or competitive reduction surpass interspecific competition. We investigated how these interactions affected biomass production and N accumulation during the early growth stage of a second rotation of a mixed-species stand of these two species. We used the 15 N dilution method to estimate symbiotic nitrogen fixation and its contribution to N accumulation in acacia monoculture and mixture, and we assessed how much N derived from the atmosphere is transferred to the eucalypt trees in the mixed-species stand. Eucalypts grew taller and acacias grew larger in the mixture compared to the monocultures. N mineralomass was greater in the mixture relative to the average values in the two monocultures, with both species contributing to this enhanced N mineralomass. The amount of N derived from the atmosphere in the mixture was 60% higher than that expected given the amount found in acacia monoculture, and 16% of the nitrogen accumulated in eucalypt trees and aboveground eucalypt litterfall was derived from the atmosphere. Reduced competition for light and soil water also contributed to the increased growth of acacias in the mixture, showing that both species benefit from growing in a mixed stand.

Sustainable wood production requires appropriate management of commercial forest plantations. Establishment of industrial eucalypt plantations on poor sandy soils leads to a high loss of nutrients including nitrogen (N) after wood harvesting. An ecological intensification of eucalypt plantations was tested with the replacement of half of the Eucalyptus urophylla × E. grandis by Acacia mangium in the eucalypt monoculture to sustain soil fertility through enhancement of the N biological cycle. A randomised block design was set up on ferralitic arenosol in the Congolese coastal plains to assess differences in soil N mineralisation, N fluxes in litterfall, and N stocks in forest floor litter and soil between pure acacia (100A), pure eucalypt (100E) and mixed-species treatments (50A50E). Soil N mineralisation was enhanced under acacia, reaching on average 0.17 and 0.15 mg kg −1 soil d −1 in 100A and 50A50E, respectively, compared with 0.09 mg kg −1 soil d −1 in 100E. Higher amounts of N returning to the soil through harvest residues and litterfall were observed under acacia than under eucalypt. However, N stock in mineral soil was not increased in 100A and exhibited a limited increase only in the top soil layer of 50A50E. Our results suggest a much faster N turnover under acacia than under eucalypt. Although A. mangium is an exotic N 2-fixing tree in central Africa, it appears to be well adapted to the climatic and edaphic conditions of the Congo, showing an efficient growth strategy. Eucalypt trees could benefit from the increase in soil N availability in mixed-species stands.

The water deficit causes direct effects on the physiology of plants, affecting the biochemical reactions which results in reduction or stoppage of growth. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of water deficit on gas exchange, water relations, accumulation of solute proline and activity of antioxidant enzymes in seedlings of Acacia mangium Willd., the statistical design was completely randomized design (DIC), represented by four water treatments (100; 60; 40 and 30% of field capacity) with 12 repetitions. Were evaluated at gas exchange ratio, leaf water potential, relative water content, activity of antioxidant enzymes, proline, and dry masses of leaves, stem, root and total. Gaseous Exchange in plants of Acacia mangium Willd., were influenced by reduced water availability in the soil. Treatment with 30% of field capacity presented greater accumulation of the amino acid proline content. There has been increased activity of antioxidant enzyme catalase in Acacia mangium Willd., in the treatment with 30% capacity field. In the production of dry matter to the most sensitive to water deficiency was the dry mass of leaves and stems, the treatments with 30% and 40% of field capacity.

 Conhecer os processos que envolvem a germinação e o desenvolvimento da planta é de grande importância para garantir sucesso no plantio futuro. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar métodos de superação da dormência no processo germinativo das sementes de duas espécies florestais: Acacia mangium Willd. e Ormosia arborea (Vell.) Harms. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com 5 tratamentos e 4 repetições com 25 sementes para cada espécie. Para superar a dormência tegumentar, as sementes foram submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos pré-germinativos: T1- imersão em água aquecida a 100 °C, por 1’; T2- imersão em ácido sulfúrico (H2SO4 P.A. por 10’); T3- imersão em ácido sulfúrico (H2SO4 P.A. por 5’) com posterior imersão em água aquecida a 100 °C, por 30 segundos; T4- imersão em ácido sulfúrico (H2SO4 P.A. por 5’) com posterior imersão em água aquecida a 100 °C, por 1’ e T5- uma testemunha correspondente a sementes intactas sem tratamento prévio. Foram avaliadas as seguin...

En Costa Rica, el concreto, el acero y los plásticos son los materiales más utilizados para construcción. Mientras que por otro lado la utilización de madera de plantaciones forestales se ha incrementado en los últimos años. Ante tal situación en el presente estudio, fueron determinadas las propiedades físicas y mecánicas de tableros terciados manufacturados con chapas de Gmelina arborea, Tectona grandis y Acacia mangium provenientes de plantaciones forestales para usos estructurales. Se analizaron tres tableros (plywood) de cada una de las especies, se realizó una caracterización general y se midieron sus principales propiedades físicas y mecánicas. Los resultados mostraron que los tableros producidos con árboles de T. grandis en general presentan propiedades físicas y de resistencia superiores a las de G. arborea y A. mangium. De acuerdo con las normas del Voluntary Products Standart PS 1-95 y PS 1-09 de los Estados Unidos, es posible producir tableros estructurales de grado 3 con...

Acacia mangium requires the addition of a finishing material to increase its resistance to weathering. Herein, the effectiveness of a nanocoating containing titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) as a finishing material for mangium wood was investigated. The coating material formulations used were oil-based (V1) and water-based (V2) varnishes with TiO2-NP concentrations of 1% (CT1), 5% (CT5), and 10% (CT10) (w/v). The uncoated and coated samples were subjected to weathering periods of 0, 2, and 4 months. The results showed that the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles to the V1 and V2 varnishes resulted in more gradual colour changes after the weathering period. The surface of the mangium wood also became smoother after being coated. However, the surface roughness increased with the duration of the weathering period. The wettability (K-value) of the sample decreased after coating, indicating that the coated sample was more hydrophobic than the uncoated sample. The results of a photocat...

Mangium (Acacia mangium Willd.) is a fast-growing wood that is widely grown in Indonesia. The impregnation method is needed to improve the qualities of the wood. In this study, TiO2 nanoparticle (79.17 nm) was produced using the hydrothermal method. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of TiO2 nanoparticle impregnation on the density and dimensional stability of mangium and the effectiveness of the presence of TiO2 nanoparticle in wood in degrading pollutants. The mangium samples (2 cm × 2 cm × 2 cm) were placed inside impregnation tube. The impregnation solutions included water (untreated), 1% TiO2 nanoparticle, and 5% TiO2 nanoparticles. The samples were analyzed for density, weight percent gain (WPG) dan bulking effect (BE). Samples were also analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). TiO2 nanoparticle resulted in an increase in density, WPG, and BE-treated mangium. Based on XRD and FTIR results, TiO2 nanoparticle was su...

The purpose of this study is to determine the planting species in a campus environment and assess their suitability for enhancing the quality of life. The study area chosen for this research is the Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK) Campus Bachok, Kelantan. The objectives of this study are to identify the functions of planting at campus area and to make the suggestions of right planting selection. Using mix methods approach, survey and expert interviews was used to collect data in order to address the objectives to the fullest extent possible. A total of 200 respondents, including both staff and students from the faculty of Architecture and Ekistics, took part in the survey. The results shows the thirteen (13) dominant of planting species located around the campus area which are Samanea saman (Rain tree), Salix babylonica (Chinese weeping willow), Terminalia Mantaly (Umbrella tree), Khaya senegalensis (Mohagany), Tabebuai rosea (Trumpet tree), Acacia mangium (Brown salwood), Hopea o...

Acacia hybrid (Acacia mangium x auriculiformis), a wood species of low dimensional stability which is used almost exclusively for pulp, paper, or as firewood, was heat treated in nitrogen at 210-230 ºC for 2 to 6 hours. The changes in color and anti-swelling efficiency (ASE) of wood after heat treatment were determined for the different heat treatment conditions. The results show that heat treatment mainly resulted in the darkening of wood tissues, and heat-treated wood had better dimensional stability than those of the control samples. Chemical modifications of wood components were determined by FT-IR analysis. Spectra indicated that the hydroxyl group content was reduced by increased treatment intensity. This result coincides with the increase in dimensional stability of heat-treated wood. Heat treatment of acacia hybrid wood shows an interesting potential to improve the quality and value for solid wood products from plantation-grown wood species.

Penentuan sifat kimia produk pertanian merupakan salah satu kegiatan yang sangat penting dari suatu proses produksi pertanian dan produk olahannya. Penentuan sifat kimia produk pertanian biasanya dilakukan dengan analisis proksimat atau menggunakan High Performance ...

ABSTRACTAcacia mangium is a prominent tree species in the forest plantation industry of Southeast Asia, grown mainly to produce pulp and paper, and to a lesser extent wood chips and solid wood products. Lignin, a natural complex polymer used by plants for structural support and defence, has to be chemically removed during the production of quality paper. Delignification is very expensive and moreover, is an environmental pollutant. Understanding the complex mechanisms that underlie the regulation of lignin biosynthetic genes requires in-depth knowledge of not only the genes involved but also their regulatory elements. Using Thermal Asymmetric Interlaced PCR, a 770 bp promoter sequence with 93% identity with COMT1 gene from Acacia auriculiformis × A. mangium hybrid was isolated from A. mangium. Bioinformatics analysis revealed the presence of cis acting elements commonly found in other lignin biosynthesis genes such as TATA box, CAAT box, W box, AC-I and AC-11 elements. However, a no...

O processo de recuperação de áreas degradadas pode ser favorecido pela inoculação de plantas com fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA), selecionados para efetividade e competitividade. Com o objetivo de avaliar o estabelecimento e a capacidade infectiva (CI) de fungos introduzidos em relação à comunidade de fungos autóctones (FA), foram conduzidos dois experimentos em casa-de-vegetação. No primeiro, foram cultivadas 10 espécies de plantas (três gramíneas e sete leguminosas) com três tratamentos de inoculação [controle; G. margarita (CNPAB 001); G. clarum (CNPAB 005)]. No segundo, a Cl dos FMA foi avaliada no solo após o primeiro experimento, em bioensaio com plantas-iscas repicadas semanalmente para vasos contendo solo autoclavado. O estabelecimento e a Cl dos FMA foi baseada na presença de esporos após os cultivos. Os FMA introduzidos e as espécies vegetais influenciaram de modo diferenciado a esporulação dos FMA (Acaulospora rugosa, Entrophospora colombiana, Gigaspora margarita e...

Rendimiento y calidad de frutos de ateje cutivado en agroecosistemas para la alimentación animal. Avances, 23(4), 462-473, http://www.ciget.pinar.cu/ojs/ index.php/publicaciones/article/view/656/1839 Recibido: 17 de junio de 2021 Aceptado: 16 de septiembre de 2021 RESUMEN Los frutos de ateje (Cordia collococca), podrían constituir una alternativa como suplemento alimenticio para animales, emprender proyectos productivos como frutal poco conocido, motivaran su demanda en el mercado local. Evaluar el comportamiento del rendimiento y la calidad de las frutas, en dos agroecosistemas del municipio de Pinar del Río para establecer su eficiencia agronómica es el objetivo de esta investigación. Se utilizaron diferentes metodologías y métodos; el muestreo probabilístico permitió recolectar la información de la muestra seleccionada de forma aleatoria para Para citar este artículo/To reference this article/Para citar este artigo 462 brought to you by CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk

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This paper aims to provide a method in mapping the vegetation cover of Acacia mangium plantation using the advanced survey technology of satellite remote sensing. This method would serve as an alternative to the conventional field sampling which is laborious and time consuming. Satellite images obtained from Landsat 8, provide the current view on vegetation cover of the whole plantation area. Two areas were targeted for the study which was area with A. mangium stands aged below 5 years old and another aged above 5 years old. Image analyses performed on Landsat 8 satellite image showed that vegetation coverage in area over 5 years old stands were significantly denser compared to within 5 years old stands. Low solar radiation (reflectance) was detected on area with high vegetation cover while higher radiation was detected on lesser vegetation cover. Overall findings of the study shows that the older A. mangium stand age greatly decreased the transmittance and reflectance of solar radi...

Resumo: A capacidade produtiva da agricultura tradicional de corte e queima pode ser melhorada por meio do plantio de árvores de crescimento rápido durante o período de pousio, com o objetivo de acumular biomassa e nutrientes para uso na fase agrícola subsequente. Para isso, são desejados alguns atributos das espécies florestais a serem usadas no enriquecimento da capoeira. O plantio das espécies florestais leguminosas Acacia mangium (acácia), Inga edulis (ingá), Acacia angustissima (ligeirinha) e Sclerolobium paniculatum (taxi-branco), a partir da fase agrícola (milho e mandioca), no espaçamento 2 m x 2 m, apresentou bons resultados para a porcentagem de sobrevivência, acúmulo de biomassa e volume de madeira. O acúmulo de biomassa seca proporcionado pelas árvores plantadas variou de 35-40 t ha-1 (acácia) a 10-15 t ha-1 (taxi-branco). A análise do impacto do enriquecimento na redução do tempo de pousio mostrou que o sistema de enriquecimento formado com A. mangium proporcionou, em três anos (um ano de cultivo agrícola + dois anos de pousio enriquecido), um acúmulo de biomassa equivalente a cinco anos de pousio tradicional.

SummaryInfection of heartwood by decay fungi (heartrot) is a concern for growers of Acacia mangium for solid‐wood products as the incidence can be high in some regions of Indonesia. Variation of heartrot incidence for different provenances of A. mangium was determined using two field trials in Sumatra, Indonesia. In a Riau Province trial of 21 provenances, the effect of provenance was statistically significant for natural heartrot incidence, which ranged from 1.6% to 27.2%. In a smaller trial using artificial inoculation in South Sumatra, heartwood infection incidence ranged from 39.4% to 70.8% across six provenances and both wound type and provenance were statistically significant factors. There was also significant variation in sapwood infection length related to provenance. Wood extractives (yield, total phenols, protein‐precipitable tannin and 2,3‐trans‐3,4′,7,8‐tetrahydroxyflavanone) were quantified from a subsample of trees for each trial. However, no significant differences i...

Ceratocystis wilt and canker disease has devastated Acacia mangium plantations in south-east Asia. Current screening methodologies to identify resistant or tolerant germplasm use potted plants in a greenhouse as a preliminary screening to select material for field trials, but these tests are time-consuming, motivating a search for rapid screening protocols. In this study, inoculation procedures were tested on three species of Acacia, viz. A. mangium, A. crassicarpa and a hybrid of A. auriculiformis and A. mangium, using three isolates of Ceratocystis manginecans. Mycelial plugs were compared with spore suspensions as inoculum to infect artificial wounds on the stems of A. mangium potted plants. The rapid screening protocols involved inoculation of stem segments with mycelial plugs and detached phyllodes with a spore suspension, with susceptibility measured by lesion length on the stems or necrosis length on the phyllodes. Both mycelial plugs and spore suspensions produced a similar ...

In Vietnam, the productivity of Acacia hybrid (Acacia mangium x A. auriculiformis) 14 plantations is being threatened by an aggressive canker pathogen, Ceratocystis manginecans 15 and selection for tolerance is the main control strategy. A pot trial was established in Binh 16 Duong province to screen for the host response of nine Acacia genotypes (six Acacia hybrid 17 clones, two A. auriculiformis clones and mixed provenance seedlings of A. mangium) to 18 artificial inoculation with three isolates of C. manginecans. Lesion lengths as measured on 19 the inner bark suggested that the two A. auriculiformis clones were relatively more tolerant to 20 C. manginecans than the A. mangium genotype. In contrast, the lesion lengths of all six 21 Acacia hybrid clones fell between the A. auriculiformis and A. mangium genotypes. The 22 results of this study indicate that among the Acacia hybrid clones, BV10 showed the most 23 tolerance to C. manginecans. Chemical analysis of crude sapwood extracts sampled from the 24 lesion provided some evidence that induced phenolic compounds, particularly 25 Page 1 of 32 Forest Pathology Manuscript Proof tetrahydroxyflavanone and condensed tannins may have a defensive role in the Acacia-C. 26 manginecans pathosystem. However, results were not consistent across individual Acacia 27 hybrid clones and A. mangium genotypes.

Corrosion is a decrease in the quality of a metal material caused by a reaction with the environment. Corrosion cannot be eliminated, but corrosion can be slowed down in several ways by adding corrosion inhibitors and synergistic effects. Acacia bark extract (Acacia mangium Willd) with the addition of 0.02 M KI has the potential as a corrosion inhibitor for steel because it contains secondary metabolites, so it can provide a synergistic effect and increase the value of inhibition efficiency on steel. This research aimed to analyze the effect of a mixture of acacia bark extracts (Acacia mangium Willd) with the addition of KI on inhibition efficiency corrosion of mild steel in sulfuric acid media. The method used in this study is the method of weight loss, adsorption isotherms, and thermodynamic parameters, which were carried out by varying the concentration of acacia bark extract and the immersion temperature of the steel. To strengthen the research results, characterization was carried out using FTIR and SEM. The results showed that the corrosion rate of mild steel immersed in 0.75 M H2SO4 corrosive medium with the addition of 0.02 M KI increased with increasing immersion temperature. These results are reinforced by the results of FTIR and SEM analysis which show that there is an interaction between mild steel and acacia bark extract (Acacia mangium Willd) and KI 0.02 M. Based on the thermodynamic parameters, the resulting values of ∆Hads, ∆Gads, and ∆Sads show that the adsorption process of acacia bark extract (Acacia mangium Willd) in corrosive medium H2SO4 0.75 M with the addition of 0.02 M KI took place spontaneously, showing the type of physical adsorption, adsorbed stable, the adsorption process was exothermic and the degree of irregularity in the adsorption process. The inhibition efficiency of acacia bark extract (Acacia mangium Willd) with the addition of 0.02 M KI was highest at 60 °C with an extract concentration of 2.5 g/L of 81%. The higher the immersion temperature, the greater the resulting synergistic effect.

An alarming incidence of wilt disease has been reported in an Acacia mangium plantation in Ulu Kukut, Kota Belud District, Sabah, Malaysia. Infected trees exhibited symptoms such as severe wilting, sapwood discoloration or black lesion, and a fruity-sweet odor emanating from the fermentation exudate at the wound lesion. This is the first investigation of the causal wilt pathogen in a commercial A. mangium plantation in Ulu Kukut, located in the western region of Sabah. This study aimed to identify the causal fungal pathogen from infected A. mangium trees using morphological characterization and DNA sequence comparisons for the regions of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS), beta-tubulin 1 (bt1), transcription elongation factor-1 alpha (tef1), guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-like protein (ms204), and second largest subunits of RNA polymerase II (rpb2). The fungal isolates shared morphological characteristics with the wilt pathogen Ceratocystis sp., including a globose base with a long neck-ended tip with ostiolar hyphae. Sequence-based phylogenetic analysis confirmed the identity of Ceratocystis manginecans, distinguishing them from all other Ceratocystis species. Bioassays inoculating phyllodes and twigs of 1-year-old A. mangium trees confirmed that C. manginecans was the cause of wilt disease. Confirming the identity of the causal agent of the increasingly destructive and severe wilt disease aids in developing effective disease management strategies for Acacia-based plantations.

Three screening trials of clonally replicated Acacia mangium seedlings were evaluated for survival and lesion length following inoculation with locally collected strains of Ceratocystis in Indonesia. Tolerance in the population was low with 6.7% of the 1033 clones represented by more than 4 ramets surviving repeated inoculations. Differences in tolerance among populations were slight; however, populations with consistently higher survival and shorter lesion lengths were from Papua New Guinea rather than Queensland. Estimates of the proportion of the experimental variation attributable to differences among parents (heritability) were low to moderate for both survival and lesion length. Estimates of the proportion of the experimental variation that was attributable to differences among clones (repeatability) were greater but typically similar to the heritability estimates, indicating that initial improvements from selection will primarily be derived from identifying tolerant parents. ...

Pruning (singling) is a common silvicultural practice in commercial Acacia plantations because these trees tend to have multiple stems. The wounds resulting from pruning are susceptible to infection by pathogens. Ceratocystis acaciivora and Lasiodiplodia theobromae have recently been shown to be important pathogens of A. mangium in Indonesia, where they are commonly associated with wounds on trees. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of different wound types on infection of A. mangium and A. crassicarpa by these two pathogens. Isolates of C. acaciivora and L. theobromae, found to be the most pathogenic in a prior study, were used to inoculate pruning wounds. Results showed that pruning conducted in a manner to reduce stem damage, resulted in lower levels of fungal infection. Where pruning resulted in tearing of the bark, there were greater levels of infection and disease occurred even without artificial inoculation. Inoculation of pruning wounds on A. mangium and A. crassicarpa showed that both fungi have the potential to cause disease. However, C. acaciivora was most pathogenic. Results of this study showed conclusively that careful pruning will result in lower levels of disease in young A. mangium and A. crassicarpa plantations in Indonesia.

The genus Ceratocystis includes many important tree pathogens and agents of sap stain. These fungi have a global distribution and commonly infect wounds on trees. During a survey of wound-infecting pathogens in the genus Ceratocystis on plantation-grown Acacia mangium trees in Indonesia, several isolates resembling Ceratocystis moniliformis sensu lato (s.l.) were obtained. The aim of this study was to identify these isolates and to test their pathogenicity on commercially grown Acacia spp. in the country. Use was made of morphology and comparisons of DNA sequence data for the ITS, b-tubulin, and transcription elongation factor 1-a gene regions to identify the isolates. Three previously undescribed species in the C. moniliformis s.l. species complex were identified and are described here as C. inquinans sp. nov., C. sumatrana sp. nov., and C. microbasis sp. nov. Pathogenicity trials on Acacia mangium and A. crassicarpa in the greenhouse and in the field indicated that all three species have the potential to infect A. mangium and A. crassicarpa, although they are not considered important pathogens.

SummaryInfection of heartwood by decay fungi (heartrot) is a concern for growers of Acacia mangium for solid‐wood products as the incidence can be high in some regions of Indonesia. Variation of heartrot incidence for different provenances of A. mangium was determined using two field trials in Sumatra, Indonesia. In a Riau Province trial of 21 provenances, the effect of provenance was statistically significant for natural heartrot incidence, which ranged from 1.6% to 27.2%. In a smaller trial using artificial inoculation in South Sumatra, heartwood infection incidence ranged from 39.4% to 70.8% across six provenances and both wound type and provenance were statistically significant factors. There was also significant variation in sapwood infection length related to provenance. Wood extractives (yield, total phenols, protein‐precipitable tannin and 2,3‐trans‐3,4′,7,8‐tetrahydroxyflavanone) were quantified from a subsample of trees for each trial. However, no significant differences i...

Mitigation effort to reduce methane emissions using plant bioactive compounds has been extensively studied and applied as feed additives. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of three leaves mixtures of tannin source (Acacia mangium Willd, Swietenia mahagoni, and Artocarpus heterophyllus) in pellet feed on in vitro methane and volatile fatty acids (VFA) production. Three experimental diets (grass: concentrate, 60:40) with substitution of pellet in concentrate equal to tannin level 0%, 1%, and 2% based on dry matter (DM) were used as substrate for in vitro fermentation by Menke and Steingass gas production method for 48 h of incubation. The addition of three leaves mixtures of tannin source did not affect (P>0.05) methane and VFAs production. It could be concluded that substitution of pellets containing three leaves mixtures of tannin source to concentrate up to 2% was not enough to reduce methane emissions.

Acacia mangium Willd é uma árvore exótica de rápido crescimento, que quando inserida em um ambiente diferente pode apresentar potencial invasor em florestas secundárias. Este estudo visou analisar o efeito da abundância, das estratégias funcionais de A. mangium Willd e de fatores edáficos na riqueza de espécies nativas em fragmento de floresta secundária localizada atrás do Instituto Federal do Amapá campus Laranjal do Jari, sul do Amapá. Para isto, foram identificados todos os indivíduos arbóreos com diâmetro a altura do peito (DAP) ≥ 10 cm ocorrentes em 10 parcelas de 200 m² distribuídas no fragmento. Amostras de solo foram coletadas nas parcelas e enviadas para análise da fertilidade e granulometria. Foram mensurados três atributos funcionais foliares de indivíduos de A. mangium Willd ocorrentes nas parcelas: área foliar (LA), espessura foliar (LT) e área foliar específica (SLA). Foram amostrados 145 indivíduos arbóreos e 14 espécies, sendo a espécie A. mangium Willd a mais abundante com 95 indivíduos. A abundância relativa de A. mangium Willd foi negativamente relacionada à riqueza de espécies nativas no fragmento. A espécie também exibiu atributos foliares e abundâncias distintas de acordo com a variação da acidez e fertilidade do solo no fragmento, o que influenciou no número de espécies nativas. Destaca-se a necessidade em desenvolver monitoramento e manejo de espécies exóticas invasoras como A. mangium Willd em fragmentos de florestas secundárias, já que a espécie é invasora e oportunista, e pode inibir a regeneração de espécies nativas após perturbações locais.

A novel C20 natural product, acacienone (1), was isolated from the leaves of Acacia mangium collected in Bangladesh. The structure of compound 1 was elucidated by spectral studies and X-ray crystallographic analysis. Acacienone (1) possesses a terpenoid-related tetracyclic framework containing 20 carbons with biogenetically unusual structural features: (i) vicinal C1-branches at the C-3 and C-4 positions in the A ring, and (ii) a cyclopentenone D ring in an androsterone-like assembly, lacking a methyl group at the C-13 position.

Background: Medicinal plants have been demonstrated to possess various pharmacological effects including anti-hepatitis C virus. Acacia mangium is one of the Acacia genus that contain various metabolites. The metaboilites play an important role for antiviral activities. The current study examined the anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) activities of Acacia mangium extracts in solvents with various polarities and further evaluated the mechanism of action of the extracts on the protein virus and combination treatment models. Methods: Anti-hepatitis C virus activities was conducted with in vitro cells culture of Huh 7it both in a single or combination treatment. Its NS3 protein inhibition was evaluated with western blotting assay. Results: The results revealed the strong anti-HCV activities of the extracts. The 50% inhibition concentrations (IC 50 s) of the ethanol, nhexane, dichloromethane and methanol extracts were of 4.6 ± 0.3, 2.9 ± 0.2, 0.2 ± 0.3, and 2.8 ± 0.2 μg/mL, respectively, and no cytotoxic effect was detected. These extracts displayed stronger effects than the positive control ribavirin. The mode of action of the ethanol extract was evaluated at 30 µg/mL, revealing that the inhibitory effect was stronger on the post-entry step than on the entry step. Western blotting revealed that the extracts decreased NS3 protein expression, indicating that virus replication was suppressed. Further evaluation illustrated that combined treatment with the ethanol extract enhanced the anti-viral activity of simeprevir. Conclusions: These results indicated that A. mangium leaves could represent sources of anti-HCV agents.

Successive years of gold mining in French Guiana has resulted in soil degradation and deforestation leading to the pollution and erosion of mining plots. Due to erosion and topography, gold panning sites are submitted to hydromorphy during rainfall and groundwater increases. This original study focused on characterizing the impact of hydromorphic anaerobic periods on bio-geochemical cycles. We sampled soil from five rehabilitated sites in French Guiana, including sites with herbaceous vegetation and sites restored with fabaceous plants, Clitoria racemosa (Cli) mon-oculture, Acacia mangium (Aca) monoculture, Clitoria racemosa and Acacia mangium (Mix) bi-culture. We conducted mesocosm experiments where soil samples were incubated in anaerobic conditions for 35 days. To evaluate the effect of anaerobic conditions on biogeochemical cycles, we measured the following parameters related to iron-reducing bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria metabolism throughout the experiment: CO2 releas...

Corrosion is a decrease in the quality of a metal material caused by a reaction with the environment. Corrosion cannot be eliminated, but corrosion can be slowed down in several ways by adding corrosion inhibitors and synergistic effects. Acacia bark extract (Acacia mangium Willd) with the addition of 0.02 M KI has the potential as a corrosion inhibitor for steel because it contains secondary metabolites, so it can provide a synergistic effect and increase the value of inhibition efficiency on steel. This research aimed to analyze the effect of a mixture of acacia bark extracts (Acacia mangium Willd) with the addition of KI on inhibition efficiency corrosion of mild steel in sulfuric acid media. The method used in this study is the method of weight loss, adsorption isotherms, and thermodynamic parameters, which were carried out by varying the concentration of acacia bark extract and the immersion temperature of the steel. To strengthen the research results, characterization was carried out using FTIR and SEM. The results showed that the corrosion rate of mild steel immersed in 0.75 M H2SO4 corrosive medium with the addition of 0.02 M KI increased with increasing immersion temperature. These results are reinforced by the results of FTIR and SEM analysis which show that there is an interaction between mild steel and acacia bark extract (Acacia mangium Willd) and KI 0.02 M. Based on the thermodynamic parameters, the resulting values of ∆Hads, ∆Gads, and ∆Sads show that the adsorption process of acacia bark extract (Acacia mangium Willd) in corrosive medium H2SO4 0.75 M with the addition of 0.02 M KI took place spontaneously, showing the type of physical adsorption, adsorbed stable, the adsorption process was exothermic and the degree of irregularity in the adsorption process. The inhibition efficiency of acacia bark extract (Acacia mangium Willd) with the addition of 0.02 M KI was highest at 60 °C with an extract concentration of 2.5 g/L of 81%. The higher the immersion temperature, the greater the resulting synergistic effect.

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o crescimento de Acacia mangium em solo degradado por mineração no Sudoeste do estado de Goiás. As sementes de A. mangium foram germinadas em câmara de germinação a 26 ºC, por três dias. As mudas foram inoculadas com fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs) isolados da rizosfera de milho e/ou rizóbio no momento do plantio. Os tratamentos rizóbio, FMAs, FMAs+rizóbio e controle foram avaliados em casa de vegetação por 120 dias. Foi observado aumento no peso seco de caules e folhas entre os tratamentos inoculados com FMAs e/ou rizóbio, sendo o tratamento com rizóbio superior aos demais. O maior peso seco de raiz foi observado no tratamento FMAs/rizóbio, devido à densa formação de raízes laterais. Não houve diferença significativa de comprimento de raiz entre os tratamentos rizóbio, FMAs e FMAs/rizóbio. A colonização micorrízica influenciou a formação de nódulos por rizóbio nativo no solo no tratamento com FMAs, não havendo diferença significativa entre os tratamentos FMAs e rizóbio. A inoculação com FMAs e rizóbio pode ser uma alternativa viável para o desenvolvimento de programas de recuperação de áreas degradadas por mineração, devido ao melhor desenvolvimento do sistema radicular e foliar. Palavras-chave: inoculação, recuperação de áreas degradadas, espécie arbórea.

Resumo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o crescimento de Acacia mangium Willd. em solo degradado por mineração no Sudoeste do Estado de Goiás. As sementes de A. mangium foram germinadas em câmara de germinação a 26 ºC, por cinco dias. As mudas foram inoculadas com fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA's) isolados da rizosfera de milho e/ou com rizóbio no momento do plantio. Os tratamentos rizóbio, FMA's, FMA's + rizóbio e controle foram avaliados em casa de vegetação por 120 dias. Foi observado aumento no peso seco de caules e folhas entre os tratamentos inoculados com FMA's e/ou rizóbio, sendo o tratamento com rizóbio superior aos demais. O maior peso seco de raiz foi observado no tratamento FMA's + rizóbio devido à densa formação de raízes laterais. Não houve diferença significativa de comprimento de raiz entre os tratamentos rizóbio, FMA's e FMA's + rizóbio. A colonização micorrízica influenciou a formação de nódulos por rizóbio nativo no solo no tratamento com FMA's, não havendo diferença significativa entre os tratamentos FMA's e rizóbio. A inoculação com FMA's e rizóbio pode ser uma alternativa viável para o desenvolvimento de programas de recuperação de áreas degradadas por mineração devido ao melhor desenvolvimento do sistema radicular e foliar. Palavras-chave: inoculação, recuperação de áreas degradadas, espécie arbórea.

Objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar o comportamento silvicultural de sete espécies florestais introduzidas em arranjo inicial para sistema de integração pecuária-floresta sobre pastagem degradada em Lavras, Minas Gerais. O trabalho foi instalado em delineamento de blocos casualizados em quatro repetições, 48 plantas úteis por parcela, em arranjo de (3(3x2)+7x2) m. Avaliaram-se as espécies florestais Acacia mangium Willd, Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess, Dipteryx alata Vogel, Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis (1528 e GG100), Khaya senegalensis A. Juss, Tectona grandis L. e dois materiais de Toona ciliata M. Roemer, propagados por meio vegetativo e via semente. As espécies foram selecionadas, principalmente, pelo valor econômico da madeira, taxa de crescimento em áreas degradadas e múltiplos usos. O comportamento silvicultural foi realizado aos 52 meses pela mensuração da sobrevivência, diâmetro à altura do peito, altura total, volume de madeira e área de projeção de copa, sendo...

Brazil stands out for its coffee plantations for which the 2015 harvest yielded a revenue of over 600 million dollars. Its production is closely related to biotic and abiotic factors, and insect pests are noted for reducing this production. However, those insects are highly influenced by biological control agents such as predator wasps. This study aimed to survey the wasps visiting intercropping coffee cultivation with different tree species. Four plots of coffee intercropped with different tree species and coffee in full sun (control) were sampled for comparison. Tree species were: Teak (Tectona grandis L.f), Australian redcedar (Toona ciliata M. Roem.), Mangium (Acacia mangium Willd.) and Avocado (Persea americana Mill.). Six hundred and thirty-nine individuals of social wasps were collected, with 20 species and 7 genera, and an overall diversity index of 1.14. The plot with Avocado had the highest Shannon diversity index (H ‘) 1.23 and the lowest dominance according to the Index ...