ARGO

Turkish language has a military jargon as in every language. This jargon has been shaped for a very long time and virtually being transformed from generation to generation, once reached a certain age it reveals itself as a different language witnessed by men. It includes abbreviations, determinative groups, compound
verbs and duplicated words which provide a characteristic way of communication isolated from the society. This study is composed of three parts. First part is an introduction which gives basic information about the jargon and related words. Second part includes a comparison of words collected at whichever military service and Filiz Bingölçe’s “Asker Argosu Sözlüğü” and a classification of nouns, verbs and commonly used sentences.
Third part is a conclusion in which the collected data is evaluated. The main purpose of this study is to point on the Turkish military jargon and the evaluate the characteristics of it. In this way an example will be set for similar works and a different side of Turkey Turkish will be handled.

Argo, toplumdaki sosyal grupların kendi aralarındaki iletişimini ve grup dinamiğini güçlendirmek amacıyla dilin kendi imkânlarını kullanıp kelimelere yan ve mecaz anlamlar yükleyerek ya da yabancı kökenli kelimelerden istifade etmek suretiyle oluşturdukları, gizlilik esasına dayalı özel bir dildir. Argonun kullanım bulduğu alanlardan biri de okul ortamıdır. Çalışmada okul bağlamında öğrenci kesiminin kullanmış olduğu argo sözler, belli başlı sözlükler taranarak listelenmiş ayrıca Kayseri'de MEB'e bağlı çeşitli ortaöğretim kurumlarında okuyan öğrencilerden görüşme yoluyla elde edilen verilerden de istifade edilmiş ve öğrencilerin kullanmış oldukları argo sözler on iki başlık altında toplanmıştır. Neticede argo kullanımların daha çok erkek öğrencilere özgü olduğu, tembellik ve başarısızlık metaforu etrafında şekillendiği, akademik başarısı yüksek Anadolu liselerinde okuyan öğrencilerce çoğunun bilinmediği, bilinse dahi kullanılmadığı görülmüştür.

Argo, sosyal gruplara bağlı kişiler arasında gizlilik esasına dayalı olarak ortaya çıkan, daha çok eğitim seviyesi düşük insanlar tarafından tercih edilen, konuşma diline özgü, alt kültürü yansıtan söz varlığıdır. Toplum
içerisinde argo daha çok küfür olarak bilinmekte ve biyolojik cinsiyetle ilişkilendirilmektedir. Cinsiyet ile kastedilen; biyolojik cinsiyetten farklı olarak kültür tarafından kişilere yüklenen düşünce ve davranışları şekillendiren toplumsal cinsiyettir.
Standart Türkçe’ den farklı olarak kültürel bir dil öğesi olan argo söylemler Afyonkarahisar’da oldukça zenginlik göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada, Afyonkarahisar’da kadın ve erkek cinsiyetine yönelik argo söylemler anlamsal açıdan betimlenerek bu söylemlerin tasnifi yapılmıştır. Yöntem olarak deskriptif (betimleyici) yöntem benimsenmiş olup, çalışmanın kuramsal kısmında toplumsal cinsiyet ve argo çalışmaları hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Afyonkarahisar ağzında kadın ve erkek cinsiyetine yönelik argo söylemler mevcut çalışmalardan hareketle
tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca kaynak kişilerle görüşmeler yapılarak kadın ve erkek cinsiyetine yönelik argo söylemler tespit edilmiştir.

Şiir, roman, öykü, deneme gibi farklı türlerde eserler kaleme alan Hulki Aktunç'un edebî karakterini oluşturan unsurların başında dil hassasiyeti gelir. Kadıköy sokaklarının çok kültürü ortamında temellerini attığı argo birikimini Büyük Argo Sözlüğü (Tanıklarıyla) ile kamusal düzleme aktaran sanatçı için argo, dillerin kardeşliğidir. Hulki Aktunç argoya hâkimiyetini yalnızca sözlük hazırlayarak değil, bazı eserlerinde dil ve kurgunun odağına argoyu yerleştirerek de gösterir. Çalışmada Hulki Aktunç'un babasıyla tartışıp evden kovulan ve parasız kalan bir gencin yağmurlu bir gecedeki yalnızlığının sokak diliyle anlatıldığı "Madi Hayat In the Dark" adlı öyküsünde argo üzerinden inşa edilen dil üzerinde durulacaktır. Bu çalışmada amaç Hulki Aktunç'un diğer öykülerinde ve romanlarında çok fazla yer bulmayan argonun, "Madi Hayat In the Dark" adlı öyküde "ana unsur" olarak yer aldığını ortaya koymak ve öyküdeki argo sözcükleri incelemektir. Çalışmada öykünün tüm söz varlığı incelenecek, Hulki Aktunç'un leksikograf kimliğinin öykülerine etkisi tespit edilecektir. Çalışmanın sonunda öyküde yer alan argo sözcüklerden hareketle hazırlanan öykünün tanıklı argo lügatçesine yer verilecektir.

Bu çalışmanın giriş bölümünde argonun ne olduğu, edebî eserde argo kelime ve
tabirin neden hoş görülmediği sorularının cevabı aranmıştır. Birinci bölümde argonun
Türk edebiyatındaki serüveni genel hatları ile tanıtılmış ve edebiyatımızdaki zihniyet
dönüşümüne bağlı olarak argonun günümüze yaklaştıkça edebî metinlerde kendisine daha fazla yer bulabildiği tespit edilmiştir. İkinci bölümde ise 1938 yılının Mayıs
ayı boyunca gazetelerde devam eden bir argo tartışması ele alınmıştır. Bu tartışma,
argonun edebî eserdeki konumu hakkında iki farklı görüşü yansıtmaktadır. Tartışmanın bir cephesini teşkil eden Peyami Safa, Yaşar Nabi ve Orhan Seyfi’nin içinde bulunduğu ilk grup edebî metinlerde argonun kullanımına belli şartlar dâhilinde ve sınırlı biçimde cevaz verirken Nurullah Ataç, Vâlâ Nurettin ve Sabiha Zekeriya Sertel dâhil olduğu grup edebî metinlerde kelime sınırlaması yapılmasına karşı çıkmışlardır. Çalışmada, tartışmanın yaşandığı yıllarda yeni yeni parlamaya başlayan Garip Hareketi’nin edebî dilde yapmaya çalıştığı değişimin bu tartışma için nasıl bir zemin teşkil ettiğine de değinilmiştir.

Cet article aborde le mythe de la nef Argo dans ses différents aspects á partir d'une analyse exhaustive des traitements poétiques et des sources mythographiques grecques et latines. On étudie, en effet, la construction et le nom d'Argó; la caractéisation et la qualité magique de ce navire parlant; la considération problématique d'Argó comme pentécontére; le périple argonautique et son épisode plus significatif (le franchissement  des Symplégades); et flnalement, le  théme littéraire d'Argó comme le premier navire, archétype de la navigation et symbole de la domination de la mer par l'homme.

Argo float profiles of temperature, salinity, and pressure are used to derive the mixed-layer depth (MLD) in the Southern Ocean. MLD is determined from individual profiles using both potential density and potential temperature criteria, and a monthly climatology is derived from individual MLDs using an objective mapping method. Quantitative data are available in the auxiliary material. The spatial structures of MLDs are similar in each month, with deep mixed layers within and just north of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) in the Pacific and Indian oceans. The deepest mixed layers are found from June to October and are located just north of the ACC where Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) and Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) are formed. Examination of individual MLDs indicates that deep mixed layers (MLD ! 400 m) from both the density and temperature criteria are concentrated in a narrow surface density band which is within the density range of SAMW. The surface salinity for these deep mixed layers associated with the SAMW formation are slightly fresher compared to historical estimates. Differences in air-sea heat exchanges, wind stress, and wind stress curl in the Pacific and Indian oceans suggest that the mode water formation in each ocean basin may be preconditioned by different processes. Wind mixing and Ekman transport of cold water from the south may assist the SAMW formation in the Indian Ocean. In the eastern Pacific, the formation of mode water is potentially preconditioned by the relative strong cooling and weak stratification from upwelling.

Dissolved oxygen concentration in the oceanic waters plays a vital role in the global carbon cycle. The addition of oxygen sensors in the ongoing Argo programme could revolutionize our understanding of the ocean's role in climate change. Here we present a first analysis of the oxygen profiles obtained from Argo float 2900776, deployed in the oxygen minimum zone of the central Arabian Sea, one of the thickest oxygen minimum zones in the world ocean. Our study shows perennial oxygen minima in the sub-surface waters of the central Arabian Sea with strong inter-annual and intra-seasonal variability. The depth of the oxycline varies from 60 to 120 m but occasionally it may be as shallow as 40 m. It appears from the present data set that in the southeastern Arabian Sea the low oxygen water shoals up during the early winter monsoon and it is largely controlled by remote forcing. Small scale localized high wind events can cause further shoaling of the oxycline.

Dissolved oxygen concentration in the oceanic waters plays a vital role in the global carbon cycle. The addition of oxygen sensors in the ongoing Argo programme could revolutionize our understanding of the ocean's role in climate change. Here we present a first analysis of the oxygen profiles obtained from Argo float 2900776, deployed in the oxygen minimum zone of the central Arabian Sea, one of the thickest oxygen minimum zones in the world ocean. Our study shows perennial oxygen minima in the sub-surface waters of the central Arabian Sea with strong inter-annual and intra-seasonal variability. The depth of the oxycline varies from 60 to 120 m but occasionally it may be as shallow as 40 m. It appears from the present data set that in the southeastern Arabian Sea the low oxygen water shoals up during the early winter monsoon and it is largely controlled by remote forcing. Small scale localized high wind events can cause further shoaling of the oxycline.

The means, variances, and three dimensional spatial covariances of the ocean temperature and salinity anomalies in the upper 1400 m layer have been estimated using data of the Argo profiling floats from 2005 to 2007. The results of data processing suggest the continuation of general warming of the ocean waters noted in a number of papers based on earlier data. A pronounced geographical and vertical nonuniformity characterizes this warming but, as a whole, it is mostly distinct in the upper 100 m layer both in the tropics and midlatitudes. For the first time, the unique characteristics of the Argo observing system allowed us to obtain previously unfeasible estimates of the spatial statistics for salinity field. In particular, it has been dem onstrated that the spatial structure of salinity anomalies is similar to those of temperature, excluding the case of the near surface layer.

Based on independent observations, we estimate the sea level budget and linear trends for individual ocean basins and the world ocean during 2004-2007. Even though it is confirmed that the seasonal variation of global sea level is balanced by the different sea level components (total sea level change from satellite altimetry equals to the sum of the steric height contribution obtained by Argo profiles and any variability in ocean mass observed from GRACE), basin-scale sea level budgets show very different characteristics. Sea level budgets over the South Pacific and Antarctic Ocean maintain a good balance both on seasonal to interannual time scales. Meanwhile, only the satellite altimeter data exhibits a large 4-year trend over the South Indian Ocean. This basin significantly impacts the magnitude of the disagreement for the global sea level budget. Large differences among the 3 different gravity fields related to the hydrologic signals in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean could be one of the major causes of the imbalance in the global sea level budget.

A 26-year record of depth integrated primary productivity (PP) in the Southern California Current System (SCCS) is analyzed with the goal of improving satellite net primary productivity (PP) estimates. Modest improvements in PP model performance are achieved by tuning existing algorithms for the SCCS, particularly by parameterizing carbon fixation rate in the vertically generalized production model as a function of surface chlorophyll concentration and distance from shore. Much larger improvements are enabled by improving the accuracy of subsurface chlorophyll and light profiles. In a simple vertically resolved production model for the SCCS (VRPM-SC), substitution of in situ surface data for remote sensing estimates offers only marginal improvements in model r 2 (from 0.54 to 0.56) and total log 10 root mean squared difference (from 0.22 to 0.21), while inclusion of in situ chlorophyll and light profiles improves these metrics to 0.77 and 0.15, respectively. Autonomous underwater gliders, capable of measuring subsurface properties on long-term, long-range deployments, significantly improve PP model fidelity in the SCCS. We suggest their use (and that of other autonomous profilers such as Argo floats) in conjunction with satellites as a way forward for large-scale improvements in PP estimation.

Dissolved oxygen concentration in the oceanic waters plays a vital role in the global carbon cycle. The addition of oxygen sensors in the ongoing Argo programme could revolutionize our understanding of the ocean's role in climate change. Here we present a first analysis of the oxygen profiles obtained from Argo float 2900776, deployed in the oxygen minimum zone of the central Arabian Sea, one of the thickest oxygen minimum zones in the world ocean. Our study shows perennial oxygen minima in the sub-surface waters of the central Arabian Sea with strong inter-annual and intra-seasonal variability. The depth of the oxycline varies from 60 to 120 m but occasionally it may be as shallow as 40 m. It appears from the present data set that in the southeastern Arabian Sea the low oxygen water shoals up during the early winter monsoon and it is largely controlled by remote forcing. Small scale localized high wind events can cause further shoaling of the oxycline.

Argo is an international project that is deploying profiling drifters in all of the oceans of the world, with the exception of the Arctic Ocean. Though still in its implementation phase the Argo array is now supplying an impressive amount of data which offers new opportunities to assess and monitor the environmental status of many regions of the world oceans. Recently, changes in the Gulf of Alaska have been documented by other means that suggest large changes in the T/S relationships and related changes in nutrient supply and productivity. This paper examines these unusual changes to demonstrate the use of the Argo database to determine the physical status of an ecosystem. While the methods of analysis are general, they are here specifically applied to the N.E. Pacific Ocean. We show how it is possible to monitor the baroclinic geostrophic circulation fields in near real-time and correlate these changes with alterations in the stratification of the upper water column.

A set of Argo profiles collected in the North Atlantic between May 2002 and April 2003 is combined with a low-resolution general circulation model (GCM) using the adjoint method. Fitting the real hydrographic observations leads to vast improvements in the model circulation, including the sea surface height and the meridional heat transport. We find striking differences in basin-scale transports compared with previous assimilation experiments that use the same GCM and a similar spatial resolution. Based on forward modeling studies, it is argued that these differences are due to different assimilation experiment durations. Over 1 year, the hydrography interpolated with the GCM from Argo profiles better represents the contemporary structures than does a long-term averaged climatology. The GCM dynamics are robust enough to distinguish between contemporary hydrography and climatological hydrography.