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2020, Universitas Gadjah Mada
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12 pages
1 file
Laporan Praktikum Sistem Refrensi dan Penentuan Posisi - S2 Teknik Geomatika UGM
Alhamdulillah, puji syukur kami panjatkan ke hadirat Allah SWT. Berkat hidayah dan rahmat-Nya, kami dapat menyelesaikan laporan penelitian ini. Shalawat salam tercurah kepada junjunan kita nabi Muhammad SAW, panutan dan blueprint seorang mukmin sejati. Semoga kita dapat menjadi ummat beliau yang sebenarnya.
This papers give an explanation about the sequential GNSS data processing using GAMIT/GLOBK 10.5 scientific software. This paper is the part one of four parts. In this paper, loose-constraint processing using GAMIT modules was presented. Details of each part of sequence step in using GAMIT modules to estimate three-dimensional relative positions of ground stations and satellite orbits, atmospheric zenith delays and earth orientation parameters. The primary output from this processing is lossely-constraint solution (h-files) of parameter estimates and variance-covariance information. Interpretation and evaluation of output also give briefly.
, which is technically quite good. The refrigerant also has low toxicity and low flammable. But, in the mid 1970's known that chlorine has contained in the refrigerant were released into the environment could damage of ozone in the stratosphere and caused greenhouse effect. Because of that, it using has stopped. An alternative refrigerant is hydrocarbon refrigerant (HCR) and one of it is hydrocarbon-12 ). HCR-12 have several advantages, besides friendly environmental because have low global warming effect and low destruction of ozone, this type of refrigerator can be used as direct changer on the refrigerant machine so no needed compressor replacement and more efficient electric energy than R-12. In this research, did a study experimental to compared R-12 with HCR-12 with used vapor compression cooler machine. The result of measurement have been get performance of vapor compression cooler machine COP R (Coefficient of Performance Refrigeration) and COP HP (Coefficient of Performance Heat Pump) for R-12 and HCR-12 relatively are 2.4 -9.8 (COP R ) and 3.4 -10.8 (COP HP ) and 6.4 -14.1(COP R ) and 7.4 -15.1 (COP HP ). Performance of vapor compression cooler machine COP R and COP HP have tendency increase with increase rate of flow of refrigerant until 0.035 for R-12 and 0.014 for HCR-12. Performance vapor compression cooler machine of COP R increase if absorbed of heat (Q e ) by evaporator increase and COP HP increase if released of heat (Q k ) by condenser increase. According of the results concluded that performance of vapor compression cooler machine with hydrocarbon-12 (HCR-12) better than R-12.
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