Malaria in Koraput district of Orissa

National Journal of Community Medicine, 2014

Introduction: Malaria has been a major public health problem in India especially in the areas rich in forests and water resources e.g. Chhattisgarh. The study was carried out to determine the pattern of malaria and to assess the prevalence of malaria in a district of the region. Methodology: A longitudinal study on malaria was carried out from 2004 to 2013 in the Bilaspur district which has been an area of unstable malaria in central India for long duration. Results: Out of total 2380570 examined persons only 42320 (1.9%) were positive i.e. Total Positive Cases (TPC) for malaria parasite (C.G.) and out these only 24849 (59.1%) were Plasmodium falciparum (PF).Thus the Plasmodium falciparum was highly prevalent in the study area; however, the risk of P. falciparum malaria was 59.1 % (average often years i.e. from 2004 to 2013 was taken), (95% confidence interval [CI] = 58.4–62.6%), An increasing trend was recorded in malaria prevalence from 48.0% in 2004 to 63.1% in 2013 (odds ratio [OR] = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.6–3.5) that increased to 57.3% in 2005 (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.2–2.1). Conclusions: Because no declining trends were observed during the whole study duration of 10 years therefore malaria especially falciparum malaria is a matter of concern for the authorities responsible for management of Malaria at various levels of public health sector i.e. primary, secondary and tertiary level in the study area.

International Journal of Mosquito Research, 2016

Malaria is one of the top most public health problem in tribal dominated district of India. Epidemiology and transmission of Malaria vary from region to region of tribal areas with ecotypes, types of forest cover and variation in topography. This study was carried out in two tribal dominated district of India viz Sundargarh (Odisha) and Papum Parre (Itanagar) in Arunachal Pradesh North East India to understand the epidemiology and case load of Malaria and an ecological study including breeding sites was carried out to identify the vector mosquitoes. In both the district the case load are in decreasing trend. In Sundargarh (Odisha) Plasmodium falciparum is the dominate species where as Plasmodium vivax is in Papum pare (Arunachal Pradesh).

Abstract- The present study reveals the prevalence of malaria in different agency villages of five mandals of East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh from 2009 to 2011. These mandals are Rampachodavaram, Maredumilli, Gangavaram,Devipatnam and Y. Ramavaram. The results were obtained through cross-sectional record based study. The Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infection was identified individually by ONE STEP Malaria Anti - P. f. / P. v. Test and infection was confirmed by examining blood smear microscopically. Amongst the five mandals Rampachodavaram is highly populated consisting of about 150 small villages. The malaria cases were recorded for all the five mandals. In the year 2009, out of total 3363 cases, 2560 were P. f. and 803 were P. v. cases; in the year 2010, out of total 1623 cases, 1496 were P. f. and 127 were P. v. cases and in the year 2011, out of total 2741 cases, 2477 were P. f. and 264 were P. v. cases. Some epidemiological parameters were also calculated to support the data. The Annual Blood Examination Rate (ABER) was observed to be high in Rampachodavaram followed by Maredumilli, Devipatnam, Y. Ramavaram and Ganagvaram mandal. Other parameters like Annual Parasite Incidence (API), Slide Falciparum Rate (SFR) and Slide Positive Rate (SPR) were calculated for the five mandals and found that Y. Ramavaram has shown highest values compared to the rest of the villages. It was observed that incidence of malaria was high during the year 2009, but decreased in 2010 and again increased in 2011. Finally, it is concluded that falciparum cases recorded were four times more than the vivax cases. Thus according to our study, P. falciparum malaria was more prevalent than P. vivax malaria in agency villages of East Godavari district

PubMed, 2012

A focal outbreak of malaria at Sialimal sub-centre of Balasore district of Orissa was reported during the month of March, 2010. Three villages of the above block were affected. Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar has conducted an entomological survey and a central clinic simultaneously, with door to door household survey to identify the fever cases. Within a span of 18 days around 172 fever cases were reported with Slide Positivity Rate (SPR) of 24.4% and Pf % of 81%. The malaria epidemiological data of the sub-centre area for last three years indicates that the area is non endemic for malaria (API was 0.81). Entomological survey revealed the presence of three known vectors of malaria i.e. Anopheles culicifacies, Anopheles annularis and Anopheles subpictus (local vector). Per Man Hour Density (PMHD) of these three species were 4.2, 2.8 and 10.8 respectively. Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites were detected in two An. culicifacies, in one An. annularis and in one An. subpictus. Larval density of Anopheline mosquitoes per dip ranged between 12 to 20. The vectors were found to be resistant to DDT but susceptible to synthetic pyrethroid. With this finding necessary remedial measures were taken by the government to curtail the transmission.

2013

The present study was conducted to find out the instances of malaria in different ecological zones in district Hardwar during the year of 2009. A survey was conducted to find out the instances of malaria in selected two different zones i.e. (i) Industrial area (IA) of BHEL township (ii) Rural area (RA) of Bahadarabad village of district Hardwar. During the present study, maximum (80) and minimum (32) instances of malaria were from RA and IA, respectively. It was also observed that males of between 21-30 years of age range showed higher infection of malaria as compared to females from the same areas. [Pankaj Saini, Bishambhar D. Joshi and T. Sharma. Malaria infection in district Hardwar of Uttarakhand state (India). Rep Opinion 2013;5(11):45-47]. (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 5

infections (P. falciparum and P. vivax) in 5% of the samples. Among the P. falciparum positive cases, 61.84% were symptomatic and remained 38.16% of the cases were asymptomatic. The incidence of P. falciparum positive cases was higher among the children age groups (mostly <10 years). Both male and female sexes were vulnerable for malarial infection. In our study, a total of 128 asymptomatic cases participated. However, among asymptomatic cases, 45.31% were P. falciparum positive. Asymptomatic P. falciparum positive cases were reported from Karbi Anglong, North Cachar Hills and Chirang district of Assam and Lohit and Changlang district of Arunachal Pradesh.

Malaria journal, 2017

Malaria remains an important health problem in India with approximately 1 million cases in 2014. Of these, 7% occurred in the Jharkhand state mainly in the tribal population. This study was conducted in Dumargarhi, a tribal village about 42 km east of Ranchi city, Jharkhand, from May 2014 to September 2016. Four point prevalence surveys were carried out during consecutive high (October-December) and low (June-August) transmission seasons. Malaria cases were recorded from April 2015 to April 2016 through fortnightly visits to the village. Adult mosquito densities were monitored fortnightly by manual catching using suction tube method. The study area consists of five hamlets inhabited by 945 individuals living in 164 households as recorded through a house-to-house census survey performed at enrollment. The study population consisted predominantly of the Munda (n = 425, 45%) and Oraon (n = 217, 23%) ethnic groups. Study participants were categorized as per their age 0-5, 6-10, 11-15 an...

Le infezioni in medicina : rivista periodica di eziologia, epidemiologia, diagnostica, clinica e terapia delle patologie infettive, 2018

A retrospective analysis of malaria incidence, patterns and trends in Bargarh, a western district of Odisha, India, over five consecutive years (2012 to 2016) among various socio-demographic components was established from the National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP), Bargarh, as well as from district survey reports. The increasing trend in malariometric indices such as the Annual Blood Examination Rate (ABER), the Annual Parasite index (API) as well as the Total Positive Rate (TPR) reveals a better surveillance activity but an alarming situation for malaria. The trend for P. falciparum and P. vivax infection is found to be zigzagging or fluctuating for the five years in question, with the preponderance of P. falciparum infection. Malaria in Bargarh district is age-specific where there is a strong positive correlation between the age factor and malaria morbidity, but it is gender-blind. The incidence of malaria is increasing among deprived communities as well as preg...

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 2021

Background: Pakur district of Jharkhand state is highly malaria-endemic areas in eastern India, mainly inhabited by Sauria Paharia, a primitive and vulnerable tribal group. Methods: An epidemiological, entomological and malaria-related community-based education; and evaluation of the operational strategies for malaria interventions were performed in eight vulnerable forests-fringed tribal villages in the Pakur district of Jharkhand, India. Results: Of the 217 confirmed malaria infections, P. falciparum (92.2%), P. vivax (7.8%), and mixed-species infections (6.9%) were found. The SPR, SFR and Pf% ranged from 23.8 to 68.2, 23.8-64.8 and 84.2-100.0, respectively. An. culicifacies, An. annularis, An. fluviatilis and An. minimus became the primary vectors of malaria. Insecticidal susceptibility status indicates An. culicifacies and An. annularis resistance to DDT (4%); and An. culicifacies, An. annularis and An. fluviatilis susceptible to malathion (5%) and deltamethrin (0.05%). Most residents, including health staff, had excellent knowledge of malaria but did not adopt appropriate prevention steps. Many accredited social health activist workers have not trained to diagnose and treat malaria cases, nor have rapid diagnostic test kits and antimalarial drugs been available, resulting in the tribal community adopting traditional treatments and native remedies. Conclusion: High vector abundance, presence of parasite load, deficiency of prevention practices; and lack of early detection and prompt treatment and vector control strategies indicate that the population living in these provinces is more vulnerable to malaria. Therefore, periodic surveillance, monitoring, and evaluation are also needed to enhance the implementation of malaria interventions in this region.

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 2021

Background: The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of malaria and its association with seasonality of malaria and socio-demographic variables in a tribal dominated district Anuppur (Madhya Pradesh). Methods: This cross-sectional study was based on blood films for malaria parasites (BFMP) data obtained from primary health centers, sub-health centers, community health centers and district hospital. This study was also based on household survey for information on malaria awareness and type of treatment preferred for malaria. From 2014-2016, a household survey was conducted regarding the type of treatment available, assessment of the influence of demographic factors, knowledge, awareness and education on malaria occurrence. Odds ratio were used to analyse the association between the gender, age group, season and types of malaria infection. Results: Annual blood examination rate (11.81%) and slide vivax rate (0.66%) was highest in 2016. There was decrease in slide falciparum...