Student

The production of bioethanol, biohydrogen and biogas from wheat straw was investigated within a biorefinery framework. Initially, wheat straw was hydrothermally liberated to a cellulose rich fiber fraction and a hemicellulose rich liquid fraction (hydrolysate). Enzymatic hydrolysis and subsequent fermentation of cellulose yielded 0.41 g-ethanol/g-glucose, while dark fermentation of hydrolysate produced 178.0 ml-H 2 /g-sugars. The effluents from both bioethanol and biohydrogen processes were further used to produce methane with the yields of 0.324 and 0.381 m 3 /kg volatile solids (VS) added , respectively. Additionally, evaluation of six different wheat straw-to-biofuel production scenaria showed that either use of wheat straw for biogas production or multi-fuel production were the energetically most efficient processes compared to production of mono-fuel such as bioethanol when fermenting C6 sugars alone. Thus, multiple biofuels production from wheat straw can increase the efficiency for material and energy and can presumably be more economical process for biomass utilization.

The development of entrepreneurship, as both concept and activity, has been growing in importance in Malaysia. The perceived importance of entrepreneurship to the growth of Malaysia's economy is evidenced by the sheer amount and variety of supporting mechanisms and policies that exist for entrepreneurs, including funding, physical infrastructure and business advisory services. The establishment of a special ministry for entrepreneurs-the Ministry of Entrepreneur Development-in 1995, clearly showcases the importance the government places upon the issue of entrepreneurship and entrepreneur development. The Ministry is supposed to act as the lead agency for the development of Bumiputera 3 entrepreneurs as well as to co-ordinate entrepreneurship activities in general.