Edited volumes by Raffaella Da Vela
When and how did networking become a resource for ancient communities? Were
these networks percei... more When and how did networking become a resource for ancient communities? Were
these networks perceived by ancient societies and actors as a means to perform and
assert social, personal and group identities?
Covering various periods and geo-cultural areas from Iran to the western Mediterranean,
with a strong focus on classical antiquity, the papers collected here approach the
topic of network as resources in three different but interrelated thematic domains:
the interaction between societies and the natural environment (socio-natural
networks), the transmission of knowledge and habitus (networks of knowledge
and power) and religious interactions (sacred landscape). The social values that
communities attribute to the networks they are embedded in are opened up to new
interpretative layers, dynamics and scales. Looking at networks as resources changes
our perspective on both terms of the equation. On the one hand, ancient networks are
reframed in their relational and social contexts and linked to their actors’ intentions
and perceptions. On the other hand, the properties of specifi c networks, such as
fl uidity, redundancy and the strength and fragility of relationships, shed new light on
resources and resource-related socio-cultural dynamics.
Wiener Beiträge zur Alten Geschichte online (WBAGon) 4, 2022
Dieser Band enthält die Beiträge des 18. Treffens der Arbeitsgemeinschaft ‚Etrusker & Italiker‘ d... more Dieser Band enthält die Beiträge des 18. Treffens der Arbeitsgemeinschaft ‚Etrusker & Italiker‘ des Deutschen Archäologenverbands (DarV), das am 6. und 7. März 2020 am Institut für Alte Geschichte und Altertumskunde, Papyrologie und Epigraphik der Universität Wien stattgefunden hat. Die Arbeitsgemeinschaft versteht sich als Gruppe von Wissenschaftler*innen der deutschsprachigen Länder, die sich in regelmäßigen Workshops und Tagungen austauschen, miteinander diskutieren und aktuelle Projekte vorstellen (https://www.darv.de/arbeitsgemeinschaften/etrusker-und-italiker/). Unter den mittler-weile mehr als 100 Mitgliedern ist die gesamte akademische Bandbreite von Studierenden bis zu Professor*innen mit den unterschiedlichsten Erfahrungen, Perspektiven und Forschungen vertreten. Anlässlich des zehnjährigen Jubiläums war es ein besonders glücklicher Umstand, das Treffen der Arbeitsgemeinschaft am Gründungsort Wien durchführen zu können. Erst im Nachhinein wurde schließlich deutlich, dass diese Jubiläumstagung zu Beginn der Pandemie für zwei Jahre das letzte Treffen der Arbeitsgemeinschaft in Präsenz sein würde.
Das Thema lautete ‚Gesellschaft und Familie bei Etruskern und Italikern‘, der Fokus lag dabei auf den familiären Strukturen und ihrer engen Verflechtung mit der sie umgebenden Gesellschaft im gesamten italischen Raum des 1. Jahrtausends v. Chr., und zwar in den unterschiedlichsten Kontexten (etwa im Grabbereich, im religiösen Feld oder in Wohn- und Siedlungskontexten). Sozialstrukturen und -dynamiken sind generell immer noch ein stark unterrepräsentiertes Themenfeld der etruskisch-italischen Forschung. Es ist deshalb umso erfreulicher, dass soziale Fragestellungen im ‚vorrömischen‘ Italien in letzter Zeit deutlich mehr Aufmerksamkeit erlangen und verstärkt diskutiert werden.
Archaeology and Economy in the Ancient World 2, Session 1. The Human Factor, Panel 1.3, 2022
Archaeological studies on migrants usually focus on their role in
production activities, either a... more Archaeological studies on migrants usually focus on their role in
production activities, either as part of the labour force, or as specialized
craftsmen dependent on local entrepreneurs, families or
public institutions. This book aims to overcome this unidirectional
discourse on dependency and to propose an alternative approach,
examining migrants as actors in the economic life of ancient societies.
The economic dimension of migration is thus analysed as
part of the complex dynamics of integration and segregation in
local communities. Migrants are considered as consumers, cultural
mediators, social climbers, promoters of different lifestyles,
and as ‘triggers’ for innovation. The papers in this volume suggest
new methodologies and interpretative paths, dealing with a wide
spectrum of case studies from the Middle Kingdom Egypt to the
Bronze and Iron Age of the western Mediterranean, from Classical
Greece to Hellenistic Etruria, concluding with the Przeworsk Culture
of Pannonia. Overcoming the binary oppositions usually set
up between colonists and indigenous peoples, locals and incomers,
this book points out how economic mentalities are part of a
greater entanglement of personal, social and economic identities.
Papers by Raffaella Da Vela
L.C. Schmidt-A. Rutter-L. Käppel-O. Nakoinz (eds.), Mediterranean Connections. How the sea links people and transform identities, 2023
Calapà 2019: A. Calapà, Sacred Caves and 'Fertility Cults'. Some Considerations about Cave Sanctu... more Calapà 2019: A. Calapà, Sacred Caves and 'Fertility Cults'. Some Considerations about Cave Sanctuaries in Etruria. In: M. Bassani/M. Bolder-Boos/U. Fusco (eds.), Rethinking the Concept of 'Healing Settlements'. Waters, Cult, Construction and Contexts in the Ancient World (Oxford 2019) 121-132. de Cazanove 2003: O. de Cazanove, Le lieu de culte de Méfi tis dans les Ampsancti valles. Des sources documentaires hétérogènes. In: O. de Cazanove/J. Scheid (eds.), Sanctuaires et sources. Les sources documentaires et leurs limites dans la description des lieux de culte, Publication du Centre Jean Bérard (Naples 2003) 145-181, <https://books.openedition.org/pcjb/889> (last access: 08.03.2021).
Ocnus. Quaderni della Scuola di Specializzazione in Beni Archeologici, 2022
Small things are easy to carry and consequently a useful proxy for determining human mobility. In... more Small things are easy to carry and consequently a useful proxy for determining human mobility. In particular, small votive offerings such as miniature pottery and bronze figurines can be seen as constitutive elements in the construction and preservation of memories of human mobility in the northern Apennines. Between the 6 th and the 4 th century BCE, these objects were deposited in huge numbers in rural cult places across the region, such as groves, caves, and lakes, and they display great typological variety. Miniaturising elements of daily life, such as pots and animals, the votive objects were not only a means of religious communication, but also a medium for preserving the memory of mobility across the Apennines. Material signs of the sacralisation of tangible and intangible resources, these small objects established a link between paths, travel experience, social representation, and collective cultural memories, creating shared memoryscapes in the mountains and the surrounding areas. The rural sanctuaries, due to their significant reserves of water and other raw materials, and their proximity to the regional routes through the Apennines, were thus not only markers of memory in the landscape, but also places of encounters and repositories of collective cultural memories.
Soziale Eliten der Etrusker und Latiner repräsentierten sich in Mittelitalien im 7.–6. Jh. v. Chr... more Soziale Eliten der Etrusker und Latiner repräsentierten sich in Mittelitalien im 7.–6. Jh. v. Chr. nicht nur durch Prestigegüter, aufwendige Bestattungen und exotische Objekte, sondern auch mit monumentalen Hofgebäuden und Residenzen. Bisher sind diese Anlagen jedoch fast ausschließlich für Südetrurien und Latium vetus überliefert. In einem neuen deutsch-italienischen Projekt wird ein Gebäudekomplex bei Camucia, Fossa del Lupo untersucht, der darauf hindeutet, dass solche Residenzen auch in Cortona und Nordetrurien verbreitet gewesen sein könnten.
P. Amann - R. Da Vela - R. P. Krämer (eds.), Gesellschaft und Familie bei Etruskern und Italikern. Akten des 18. Treffens der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Etrusker & Italiker (Wien 6.–7. März 2020), Wiener Beiträge zur Alten Geschichte online (WBAGon) 4, Wien 2022. DOI: 10.25365/wbagon-2022-4-11
The present contribution approaches the structures and social values of family and families in an... more The present contribution approaches the structures and social values of family and families in ancient Hirpinia, a region in Inland Campania. This topic has not been addressed in the studies of the region so far, because of the lacunary state of publications. An accurate revie of past publications, of the recent surveys and emergency excavations offers a wider dataset, covering large parts of the first millennium BC, from the so called Iron Age Oliveto-Cairano facies to the late Hellenistic period. During the Hellenism the construction of the consular road via Appia across the region, the deduction of Roman coloniae (Beneventum and
Abellinum) and of municipia (Compsa, Aeclanum, Frigentum), as well as the foundation of new settlements (fora gracchana) and farms significantly changed the asset of the region and consequently transformed social structures. This analysis presented takes into account the social use of space, symbols and assemblages within three different kinds of communicative contexts: cemeteries, sanctuaries and households. The analysis interlocks the data on the
social value of the nuclear family and of families intended as clans or kinship groups, to reconstruct how the attribution of roles and functions to family members, as well as family strategies has made them fundamental resources for the construction and the definition of
social identities in ancient Hirpinia. Additionally, the adopted heuristic frame considers family and families as social resources, and invites to question our view of ancient families. Some of the roles and functions, such as education and socialization of young people or transmission of knowledge, on which our modern definition of the family as a social unit is based, were possibly taken over by other social institutions and groups. The agency of these social groups in ‘family matters’ is challenging our modern interpretative frames of the social function of family and families. It is therefore necessary to put our interpretative categories under discussion in order to better understand the social dynamics in Hirpinian communities of the First millennium BC.
N. Burkhardt - R. P. Kraemer (eds.), Organization of Production and Crafts in Pre-Roman Italy (Heidelberg 2022) 31-45
Band 11 Archaeology and Economy in the Ancient World
in: L. Cappuccini – A. Gaucci (Hrsg.), Officine e artigianato ceramico nei siti dell’Appennino Tosco-Emiliano tra VII e IV secolo a.C. , (Rom 2022) 281–299. Atti del I Convegno Internazionale di studi sulla cultura materiale etrusca dell’Appennino. Biblioteca di Studi Etruschi 66, 2022
in: R. Da Vela (ed.), The Economic Contribution of Migrants to Ancient Societies. Technological Transfer, Integration, Exploitation and Interaction of Economic Mentalities, Archaeology and Economy in the Ancient World 2 (Heidelberg 2022)
Consumption is a frequently neglected aspect of the economic role of migrants.1 However,
the soci... more Consumption is a frequently neglected aspect of the economic role of migrants.1 However,
the socio-economic personal and familial statement resulting from consumption
behaviors plays a relevant role in the integration and self-positioning of migrants in
ancient societies.2 The general model of social integration of migrants in ancient communities,
the so called “two worlds of migrants”, suggests two opposite trends: the
conservation of the traditional economic mentalities of the homeland on one hand, and
the achievement of social status through integration in the new economic space on the
other.3 The balance between these two possible trends constitutes the main research
question addressed in this paper, which is dedicated to two case studies from Hellenistic
Northern Etruria.
Metalla Sonderheft 10, 2020, 135–139, 2020
A. Peignard-Giros (ed.), Daily Life in a Cosmopolitan World. Pottery and Culture During the Hellenistic Period, Proceedings of the 2nd IARPotHP International Congress, Lyon 5th–8th November 2015 (Wien 2019) 43–56, 2019
Open Archaeology 5,1, 2019
La publication des actes du colloque international Archéologie des espaces artisanaux. Fouiller e... more La publication des actes du colloque international Archéologie des espaces artisanaux. Fouiller et comprendre les gestes des potiers (Rennes, 27 -28 novembre 2014) a pour objectif de réunir une série de contributions scientifiques portant sur les problématiques et les méthodologies de la fouille des espaces de production de le céramique. Elle s'inscrit en continuité des colloques organisés par le laboratoire LAHM (Université Rennes 2, UMR 6566) dans un cadre épistémologique abordant les méthodologies de la recherche archéologique : La céramique dans les contextes rituels. Fouiller et comprendre les gestes des Anciens (dir. M. Denti et M. Tuffreau-Libre, PUR 2013) et La céramique dans les espaces archéologiques « mixtes » autour de la Méditerranée antique (dir. M. Denti et C.
Questo contributo riesamina un vano sotterraneo indagato da Anna Talocchini nel 1972, nell'area s... more Questo contributo riesamina un vano sotterraneo indagato da Anna Talocchini nel 1972, nell'area sacra etrusca di Costa Murata a Vetulonia 1 . Al momento dell'indagine archeologica, i cui dati di scavo e materiali sono rimasti fino ad oggi in larga parte inediti, il contesto venne interpretato come un bothros o un vano sotterraneo legato ad attività sacrificali 2 . Questo tipo di interpretazione, presente nei diari di scavo del 1972 e pubblicata in via ipotetica l'anno seguente, è rimasta ad oggi in attesa di verifica attraverso lo studio delle dinamiche di obliterazione e dei materiali contenuti nel riempimento.
Festgabe des Instituts für Klassische Archäologie der Universität Leipzig zur Erinnerung an Johann Joachim Winckelmann, 2017
in: M.-L. Haack - M. Miller (Eds.). l'Etruscologie dans l'Europe d'après-guerre, Actes des journées d'études internationales des 14 au 16 septembre 2015 (Amiens et Saint-Vaéry-sur-Somme), Ausonius Scripta Receptoria 10 (Bordeaux 2017) 263–318.
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Edited volumes by Raffaella Da Vela
these networks perceived by ancient societies and actors as a means to perform and
assert social, personal and group identities?
Covering various periods and geo-cultural areas from Iran to the western Mediterranean,
with a strong focus on classical antiquity, the papers collected here approach the
topic of network as resources in three different but interrelated thematic domains:
the interaction between societies and the natural environment (socio-natural
networks), the transmission of knowledge and habitus (networks of knowledge
and power) and religious interactions (sacred landscape). The social values that
communities attribute to the networks they are embedded in are opened up to new
interpretative layers, dynamics and scales. Looking at networks as resources changes
our perspective on both terms of the equation. On the one hand, ancient networks are
reframed in their relational and social contexts and linked to their actors’ intentions
and perceptions. On the other hand, the properties of specifi c networks, such as
fl uidity, redundancy and the strength and fragility of relationships, shed new light on
resources and resource-related socio-cultural dynamics.
Das Thema lautete ‚Gesellschaft und Familie bei Etruskern und Italikern‘, der Fokus lag dabei auf den familiären Strukturen und ihrer engen Verflechtung mit der sie umgebenden Gesellschaft im gesamten italischen Raum des 1. Jahrtausends v. Chr., und zwar in den unterschiedlichsten Kontexten (etwa im Grabbereich, im religiösen Feld oder in Wohn- und Siedlungskontexten). Sozialstrukturen und -dynamiken sind generell immer noch ein stark unterrepräsentiertes Themenfeld der etruskisch-italischen Forschung. Es ist deshalb umso erfreulicher, dass soziale Fragestellungen im ‚vorrömischen‘ Italien in letzter Zeit deutlich mehr Aufmerksamkeit erlangen und verstärkt diskutiert werden.
production activities, either as part of the labour force, or as specialized
craftsmen dependent on local entrepreneurs, families or
public institutions. This book aims to overcome this unidirectional
discourse on dependency and to propose an alternative approach,
examining migrants as actors in the economic life of ancient societies.
The economic dimension of migration is thus analysed as
part of the complex dynamics of integration and segregation in
local communities. Migrants are considered as consumers, cultural
mediators, social climbers, promoters of different lifestyles,
and as ‘triggers’ for innovation. The papers in this volume suggest
new methodologies and interpretative paths, dealing with a wide
spectrum of case studies from the Middle Kingdom Egypt to the
Bronze and Iron Age of the western Mediterranean, from Classical
Greece to Hellenistic Etruria, concluding with the Przeworsk Culture
of Pannonia. Overcoming the binary oppositions usually set
up between colonists and indigenous peoples, locals and incomers,
this book points out how economic mentalities are part of a
greater entanglement of personal, social and economic identities.
Papers by Raffaella Da Vela
Abellinum) and of municipia (Compsa, Aeclanum, Frigentum), as well as the foundation of new settlements (fora gracchana) and farms significantly changed the asset of the region and consequently transformed social structures. This analysis presented takes into account the social use of space, symbols and assemblages within three different kinds of communicative contexts: cemeteries, sanctuaries and households. The analysis interlocks the data on the
social value of the nuclear family and of families intended as clans or kinship groups, to reconstruct how the attribution of roles and functions to family members, as well as family strategies has made them fundamental resources for the construction and the definition of
social identities in ancient Hirpinia. Additionally, the adopted heuristic frame considers family and families as social resources, and invites to question our view of ancient families. Some of the roles and functions, such as education and socialization of young people or transmission of knowledge, on which our modern definition of the family as a social unit is based, were possibly taken over by other social institutions and groups. The agency of these social groups in ‘family matters’ is challenging our modern interpretative frames of the social function of family and families. It is therefore necessary to put our interpretative categories under discussion in order to better understand the social dynamics in Hirpinian communities of the First millennium BC.
the socio-economic personal and familial statement resulting from consumption
behaviors plays a relevant role in the integration and self-positioning of migrants in
ancient societies.2 The general model of social integration of migrants in ancient communities,
the so called “two worlds of migrants”, suggests two opposite trends: the
conservation of the traditional economic mentalities of the homeland on one hand, and
the achievement of social status through integration in the new economic space on the
other.3 The balance between these two possible trends constitutes the main research
question addressed in this paper, which is dedicated to two case studies from Hellenistic
Northern Etruria.
these networks perceived by ancient societies and actors as a means to perform and
assert social, personal and group identities?
Covering various periods and geo-cultural areas from Iran to the western Mediterranean,
with a strong focus on classical antiquity, the papers collected here approach the
topic of network as resources in three different but interrelated thematic domains:
the interaction between societies and the natural environment (socio-natural
networks), the transmission of knowledge and habitus (networks of knowledge
and power) and religious interactions (sacred landscape). The social values that
communities attribute to the networks they are embedded in are opened up to new
interpretative layers, dynamics and scales. Looking at networks as resources changes
our perspective on both terms of the equation. On the one hand, ancient networks are
reframed in their relational and social contexts and linked to their actors’ intentions
and perceptions. On the other hand, the properties of specifi c networks, such as
fl uidity, redundancy and the strength and fragility of relationships, shed new light on
resources and resource-related socio-cultural dynamics.
Das Thema lautete ‚Gesellschaft und Familie bei Etruskern und Italikern‘, der Fokus lag dabei auf den familiären Strukturen und ihrer engen Verflechtung mit der sie umgebenden Gesellschaft im gesamten italischen Raum des 1. Jahrtausends v. Chr., und zwar in den unterschiedlichsten Kontexten (etwa im Grabbereich, im religiösen Feld oder in Wohn- und Siedlungskontexten). Sozialstrukturen und -dynamiken sind generell immer noch ein stark unterrepräsentiertes Themenfeld der etruskisch-italischen Forschung. Es ist deshalb umso erfreulicher, dass soziale Fragestellungen im ‚vorrömischen‘ Italien in letzter Zeit deutlich mehr Aufmerksamkeit erlangen und verstärkt diskutiert werden.
production activities, either as part of the labour force, or as specialized
craftsmen dependent on local entrepreneurs, families or
public institutions. This book aims to overcome this unidirectional
discourse on dependency and to propose an alternative approach,
examining migrants as actors in the economic life of ancient societies.
The economic dimension of migration is thus analysed as
part of the complex dynamics of integration and segregation in
local communities. Migrants are considered as consumers, cultural
mediators, social climbers, promoters of different lifestyles,
and as ‘triggers’ for innovation. The papers in this volume suggest
new methodologies and interpretative paths, dealing with a wide
spectrum of case studies from the Middle Kingdom Egypt to the
Bronze and Iron Age of the western Mediterranean, from Classical
Greece to Hellenistic Etruria, concluding with the Przeworsk Culture
of Pannonia. Overcoming the binary oppositions usually set
up between colonists and indigenous peoples, locals and incomers,
this book points out how economic mentalities are part of a
greater entanglement of personal, social and economic identities.
Abellinum) and of municipia (Compsa, Aeclanum, Frigentum), as well as the foundation of new settlements (fora gracchana) and farms significantly changed the asset of the region and consequently transformed social structures. This analysis presented takes into account the social use of space, symbols and assemblages within three different kinds of communicative contexts: cemeteries, sanctuaries and households. The analysis interlocks the data on the
social value of the nuclear family and of families intended as clans or kinship groups, to reconstruct how the attribution of roles and functions to family members, as well as family strategies has made them fundamental resources for the construction and the definition of
social identities in ancient Hirpinia. Additionally, the adopted heuristic frame considers family and families as social resources, and invites to question our view of ancient families. Some of the roles and functions, such as education and socialization of young people or transmission of knowledge, on which our modern definition of the family as a social unit is based, were possibly taken over by other social institutions and groups. The agency of these social groups in ‘family matters’ is challenging our modern interpretative frames of the social function of family and families. It is therefore necessary to put our interpretative categories under discussion in order to better understand the social dynamics in Hirpinian communities of the First millennium BC.
the socio-economic personal and familial statement resulting from consumption
behaviors plays a relevant role in the integration and self-positioning of migrants in
ancient societies.2 The general model of social integration of migrants in ancient communities,
the so called “two worlds of migrants”, suggests two opposite trends: the
conservation of the traditional economic mentalities of the homeland on one hand, and
the achievement of social status through integration in the new economic space on the
other.3 The balance between these two possible trends constitutes the main research
question addressed in this paper, which is dedicated to two case studies from Hellenistic
Northern Etruria.
14., 21., 28. novembre e 5. dicembre 2019
Organizzato dalla Arbeitsgemeinschaft Etrusker&Italiker des Deutschen Archäologen-Verbandes e.V. e dalla sede di Roma dell'Istituto Archeologico Germanico
This paper proposes to analyse the organization of the work within italic and etruscan ceramic workshops
(7th-2nd c. B.C.).
The ergonomic approach takes in consideration the efficiency of a workshop, as the whole of structural
conditions, which allow to produce more and better with lower energy costs. The research question focuses
on the relationship between production and organisation of the work, in particular if the workshops
are focussed on the products, on the producers or on the satisfaction of the demand.
The following three parameters are taken in account for the quantitative and qualitative analysis: integration
of the workshop in the commodity system (proximity to sources and roads, destination of the
products); structural organisation within the workshop and workflows (working times, steps, paths and
proceeding); dimensions of the production. For each parameter I will present some concrete case-study
in different regions. The elaboration of ergonomic diagramm of production and the observation of the
value given to producers and products will be related to the political and economic system in which the
workshops were embedded. Through the longitudinal analysis of the archaeological data, the paper
aims to detct analogy and differences in the concept of ergonomics within different political and economic
systems and mentalities of pre-roman Itlay.
AIAC2018_abstract-book.pdf
The paper aims to analyze the contribution of migrants to the economy of local communities in late
Hellenistic northern Etruria. The main research question focuses on the consumption behaviors of migrants
and on how their representation in funerary context could be affected, on a hand, by homelandtraditions
and trade-networks and, on another hand, by the attempt to get integrated or accepted in
the new country.
Some case study from different geographical regions will be taken in account, in particular the necropoleis
of Castiglioncello and Populonia on the coast, these around the Trasimene Lake and these in the
inland of Volterra.
Through the combination of network analysis and analysis of the identity markers within the gravegoods
of the late Hellenistic necropoleis one will first individuate graves of migrants within the Etruscan
communities. Following, one will compare the position of the consumption behaviors of migrants in the
clusterization of grave-goods of the necropoleis. The choices related to the purchase of goods and their
exhibition will be reviewed as an expression of cultural and social identities of migrants. The coexistence
of different economic mentalities will be discuss as factors of innovation and conflict in local
21
communities. Finally, consumerism will be taken in consideration to understand dynamics of interaction,
integration and segregation
http://www.aiac2018.de/_media/AIAC2018_abstract-book.pdf
Um diese Fragen zu beantworten werden die Konzepte von Territorialität, Sprache, Festen, Kultpraxis und Grabsitten als identitätsstiftenden Aspekten theoretisch präsentiert und anhand von archäologischen Fallbeispielen untersucht.
Besondere Aufmerksamkeit wird der Intentionalität der Identitätskommunikation bei den lokalen Akteuren gewidmet. Es wird auch diskutiert, ob und wie die Identitätswahrnehmung und -Ausdruck anhand der archäologischen Quellen nachvollziehbar ist und wie die betreffende interpretative Ebene konditioniert (biased) sein können. Schließlich werden einige Ansatzpunkte für die Bestimmung der etruskischen kulturellen Identität durch die kombinierte Analyse von archäologischen, epigraphischen und literarischen Quellen präsentiert.
I have selected 39 graves of these two necropolis: Castiglioncello and Populonia, le Grotte. The communities, who buried in these necropoleis are considered in literature to have a different relationship with the roman economic and political power. I particular, Castiglioncello is considered an harbor under the control of Pisa, a city allied with Rome and the composition of the grave-goods in the city seems to attest a presence of migrated elements of the population, with Ligurian cultural background (mercenary?). Populonia, on the other side, would be an independent city, with strong economic relationships with Rome, probably ruled through an economic agreement, where a strong presence of businessmen from Volterra would be indicated by the grave-goods of the Grotte-Necropolis. Both necropoleis have a big range of variation in the grave-good assemblages and present at the same time many common elements, due to the artistic and cultural koinè.
I have elaborated first an asymmetrical matrix, with the grave on the rows and the funerary goods (50 different objects) on the coloumn and I have build a two mode-network, which allow to visualize the different choices in the two necropoleis related to the material culture.
I converted then the matrix in a symmetrical matrix, with the graves on coloumns and rows, applying a similarity-coefficient of Jaccard. I elaborated an one-mode network from this matrix and I let clustered the graves, individuating some groups of similar composition in both necropolis. The configuration of the clusterization could indicate a presence of families with homogeneous cultural background in both cities, as well as group of isolated elements of the population (segregation). These results need to be verified coming back to the detailed analysis of each specific anomaly in the cluster graph.
I would like to present some reflections on the differences between the two kind of networks to approach the data-set, in particular which kind of information are possible to analyse and describe with both of them and how these differences can suggest one-mode and two-mode network as more or less appropriate to answer to specific research questions.
To present my experiment would be a great occasion for me to confront methods and results with experienced colleagues and network scientists, especially to discuss the opportunity to use the similarity coefficient of Jaccard to convert the matrices and the opportunity to use the Markov algorithm (in the Software Visone) to map the clustering of grave-goods assemblages.
Based on the definition of refugees in the 1951 UN-Refugee Convention, my paper deals with refugees in Central Italy during the Hellenistic Period. The aim is to detect refugees in the archaeological record and to understand how their cultural identities interacted with those of local communities. Hellenistic Central Italy offers a case study with a rich archaeological and epigraphic record. Therefore, the movement of people as well as perception and expression of cultural identities are well documented in local contexts. Two historical events were responsible for refugee-seekers in Etruria and the adjacent areas: First were military attacks of Celtic populations northern of the Apennine, and second, Roman military campaigns in South and Central Italy. The consequences of these events (depopulation, famine, insecurity, and political instability) became the main cause of migration in Hellenistic Italy.
In the present contribution, archaeological, literary and epigraphic sources are taken into consideration to detect identities of the refugees, who fled under Celtic pressure from Liguria and the Po-Valley to the northern Etruscan centers.
The analysis is conducted diachronically. Data are elaborated and interpreted through two complementary methodological tools: the Social Network Analysis and the Analysis of the Identity-Markers. The first one offers a relational perspective, exploring the clusterization of distinct cultural groups between several necropoleis. The second methodology detects the cultural identities of refugees and their adaptability or resilience into the new context. The union of the two methodologies captures the dual phenomena of integration and segregation within local communities. Finally, a comparison between the necropoleis of the coastal settlements and those of the agricultural settlements of the Inland will suggests differences between the social identities of refugees and those of other groups of migrants.
In the Late Hellenistic period, the Region of my case study presents a complexity of patterns, as result of the interaction of local needs and backgrounds with the global process of institutional and economic unification of the Mediterranean following to the Punic Wars. The increase in personal mobility enhanced the possibilities of cultural contacts. New multicultural local communities adopted new customs and lifestyles without giving up their Etruscan cultural background. These multicultural societies switch slowly, at the end of the 2nd C. BCE, to societies of partial identities, were the Etruscan language and traditions became confined to the private sphere, while Latin and the roman institution ruled the public life.
The Social Network Analysis (SNA) has been chosen as methodology to analyse the evolution of the identities under the pressure of global events and phenomena. This methodology allows the analysis of complex systems, without loosing the details concerning their individual components. I will present first how the construction of a multilevel network could be useful to analyse different level of communication between settlements, then some applications of the SNA on archaeological datasets of late Hellenistic Northern Etruria and some trends of the evolution of the social networks in this context. Finally I will propose a methodology to integrate the analysis of the relationship between settlements with the changes, which is possible to detect in their cultural identities.
Questa città etrusca fu infatti, tra il III ed il II sec. a.C., un vivace centro ricettore di modelli e di artigiani provenienti da Roma e dal Mediterraneo orientale, in particolare dalle isole greche, alcuni dei quali mediati dall’Italia meridionale, in particolare da Taranto.
I modelli, per lo più riferibili ad originali pittorici o scultorei in grande scala, subirono una riduzione nelle loro riproduzioni volterrane, in particolare all’interno delle botteghe che produssero ceramiche a rilievo di tipo cosiddetto caleno, entro la prima metà del III sec. a.C. e nelle botteghe di urne cinerarie in tufo ed alabastro, nelle quali simili temi iconografici fecero la loro comparsa a partire dal II sec. a.C.
Nel mio intervento desidero soffermarmi su alcune caratteristiche principali del processo di miniaturizzazione degli elementi iconografici, soffermandomi in particolare su alcuni gruppi composti da più figure: il gruppo del cavaliere che calpesta il nemico caduto, il gruppo di due combattenti, uno dei quali in atto di affondo ed il gruppo di Achille e Troilo.
In primo luogo cercherò di rispondere ad alcune questioni relative al rapporto tra trasmissione iconografica e miniaturizzazione. In particolare vorrei suggerire ipotesi di lavoro e possibili risposte alle seguenti domande: i modelli arrivarono a Volterra nella scala nella quale furono riprodotti o subirono una miniaturizzazione all’interno delle botteghe cittadine? La miniaturizzazione del modello avvenne in Grecia o a Roma, oppure questi modelli furono ridotti in un passaggio intermedio della trasmissione? Esiste un rapporto tra scene simili rappresentate sulle coppe del III sec. a.C. in scala ridottissima e le loro redazioni più tarde, sulle urne, in scala meno ridotta? In base al trattamento dei particolari si può ipotizzare una circolazione dei modelli interna agli atelier cittadini o si deve pensare ad una reimportazione dei modelli greci e romani per ogni diversa scala di riduzione? Le caratteristiche morfologiche della riproduzione, in particolare delle varianti possono fornire indicazioni sul supporto utilizzato per la trasmissione dei modelli? Si possono attribuire alcune delle realizzazioni etrusche ad artigiani immigrati che ebbero conoscenza diretta dei modelli greci? Qual è il rapporto tra la circolazione degli artigiani e dei committenti nel Mediterraneo e la richiesta di questi schemi iconografici miniaturizzati?
In seconda istanza vorrei proporre alcuni spunti di riflessione relativi alla risemantizzazione che questi gruppi subiscono una volta miniaturizzati. Con la riduzione delle dimensioni ed il ricorso ad un supporto diverso dall’originale, il livello di fruizione di questi gruppi passa spesso dall’ambito pubblico ad un ambito privato o semi-privato. Alcune questioni relative a questo aspetto sono le seguenti: come cambia il valore semantico dei gruppi rappresentati tra la destinazione pubblica dei monumenti greci e romani e la destinazione privata della versione miniaturizzata su suppellettile mobile? Quali esigenze ideologiche e di mercato spinsero gli artigiani volterrani ad operare una selezione di questi modelli da miniaturizzare?
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Ma contribution concerne la production d’artisanat artistique de la ville étrusque de Volterra à l’époque hellénistique. Je vais présenter des exemples tirés par deux classes de production de l’artisanat artistique de la ville : les patères à relief à vernis noir du début du 3ème siècle av. J.-C. et les urnes cinéraires en alabastre du siècle suivant, qui ont été toutes les deux intéressées par nombreuses phénomènes de transmission culturelle dès la Grèce, dès la Grand-Grèce et dès Rome. Pendant ce procès de transmission, les motives iconographiques furent très souvent retravaillés et contaminés. La miniaturisation des sujets est un des résultats le plus fréquent dans cette procès et il est souvent associé avec une resémantisation de l’image à grand échelle ou à son collocation sur un support à dimension réduite. Je vais enfin me concentrer sur deux points problématique : la circulation des modèles et leur resémantisation, avec quelque suggestion sur l’évolution du rôle sociale de la miniaturisation pendant la romanisation.
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Quels sont les défis pour l'Etruscologie dans un monde globalisé? Sur la base de la présence durable des Etrusques depuis 1967 à l’Institut de Culture italienne à Tokyo et les récentes expositions itinérantes organisées par la Surintendance pour le patrimoine archéologique de la Toscane en Chine (2013-2015), on propose une lecture de l'impact et de la réception de la culture étrusque en Asie. D’abord on prend en considération les objectifs et les moyens que la communauté scientifique européenne adopte pour communiquer les Étrusques dans des domaines culturels si différents. Ensuite on examine, à travers une série d'exemples pratiques, la perception de la culture étrusque aux niveaux scientifique et populaire en Inde, en Chine et au Japon, par rapport à la représentation générale de la culture européenne. On prend également en compte les liens entre le marketing du tourisme culturel des Étrusques, les expositions en Asie et l’industrie touristique en Italie. On présente enfin le potentiel et les limites de ce dialogue interculturel, avec un accent particulier sur les avantages qui dérivent à l’Etruscologie, en termes de travail interdisciplinaire et l'autoréflexion, en adaptant ses contenues spécifiques afin qu'ils puissent être communiquées à une audience avec un milieu culturel si différent.
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Quali sono le sfide per l’Etruscologia in un mondo globalizzato? Sulla scorta della duratura presenza del tema Etruschi all’Istituto di cultura italiana di Tokio a partire almeno dal 1967 e della recente mostra itinerante organizzata dalla Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici della Toscana in Cina (2013–2015), si propone una lettura dell’impatto e della ricezione della cultura etrusca in Asia. In particolare si affrontano le finalità ed i modi che la comunità scientifica europea sceglie per comunicare gli Etruschi in ambiti culturali così diversi. Si propongono quindi le ripercussioni a livello scientifico e divulgativo in India, Cina e Giappone, analizzando, a traverso una serie di esempi pratici, la percezione della cultura etrusca in questi paesi in rapporto alla rappresentazione generale della cultura europea. In questa sezione si prendono anche in considerazione i condizionamenti legati al marketing culturale e alla comunicazione turistica degli Etruschi in Italia per persone provenienti dal continente asiatico. Come terzo punto si presentano le potenzialità ed i limiti di questo dialogo interculturale, soffermandosi in particolare sui vantaggi che derivano all’Etruscologia, in termini di lavoro interdisciplinare ed auto-riflessione, nel dover preparare i propri contenuti in modo che possano essere comunicati ad un pubblico con un background culturale molto distante.
Thema des Treffens sind kulturelle und soziale Dimensionen von Ressourcen und Ressourcennutzungen. Es geht um die Bedeutung von Ressourcen für die Bildung, Verhandlung und Aufrechterhaltung von Identitäten und Kulturellen Gedächtnissen sozialer Gruppen, von Familien über politische und religiöse Gemeinschaften bis zu gesamtgesellschaftlichen Einheiten. Im Mittelpunkt der Beiträge sollen die Fragen nach der sozialen Einbettung von Ressourcen, dem Zusammenhang spezifischer kultureller Praktiken um Ressourcen und der Bedeutung öffentlicher oder sakraler Räume und Landschaften für die Verbindung von Ressourcen und Identitäten stehen. Als Ressourcen können dabei Rohstoffe und physische Umwelten gesehen werden, aber auch Objekte und Objektgruppen, Bilder sowie soziale Praktiken, Ordnungen und Räume. Im Sinne des Ressourcenkonzepts des SFB 1070 stehen dabei Netzwerke oder Gefüge um Ressourcen im Fokus, die materielle und immaterielle Elemente auf sinnhafte oder kontingente Weise verknüpfen.
NEW ANTHROPOLOGICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES ON MINIATURIZATION
Miniaturization is a cognitive and manufacturing process widespread among human societies. However, only in recent years has attention been paid to the significance of smaller objects within the field of archaeology and anthropology. Previous studies have underestimated miniaturization, considering their products only as mere simplifications, as means of ritual and cultic practice, or as cheap reproductions of normal-sized objects.
Objects in a reduced scale are however tangible products of social activities; cognitive and physical experiments conducted by active and conscious agents.
We encourage papers covering different periods, from late prehistory to present-day societies. We are interested in advancing the theoretical and practical study of miniaturization, both in anthropology and in archaeology, beyond the boundaries of disciplines.
Keywords: Cultural Contacts, Dynamic, Environment, Landscape, Resources, Sacred Landscapes
Session format: Regular session
In the field of the production, we are going to analyse technological developments and economic growth in host communities following the cultural interaction and the transmission of technological knowledge due to human mobility. Furthermore, we will analyse the social position of the migrants in the work market of their new communities and in the new settled territories. A key aspect will be the contribution of migrants to the production and their networking role for the exchange. The ports of trade will be taken in consideration as a meeting-point of different economic systems. In the field of consumption, we are going to present the coexistence of different economic mentalities, as factors of innovation and conflict in local communities. Consumerism will be taken in consideration to understand dynamics of interaction, integration and segregation. The consumption behavior will be considered as proxy to understand the social identities of migrants and their expressions.
The speakers are asked to compare their case studies to build a common platform of discussion, overtaking chronological and geographical specificities, in the way to discuss more general methodological and theoretical questions: Which archaeological data are suitable to detect the relationships between economic behavior and cultural identities? How did different economic and political systems affect the position of migrants in the local communities and their participation to local and global economies? Which are the effects of different strategies of economic integration of migrants in the host societies on the economic development and on the social stability of local markets and communities? Is our interpretation biased by our modern perspectives or is it possible to contextualize an agent based perception of the economic role of ancient migrants?
I would like to open a discussion on our coming session at the AIAC/ICCA Convention. In the present session you will find the abstracts of our contributors, which are also online on the AIAC-Homepage:
http://www.aiac2018.de/programme/sessions/
if you cannot visit us in Bonn on 24th mai, please feel free to write here your feedback about the proposals. We will try to take you comments and suggestions in account during our common panel discussion and to send you a feedback after the convention.
Best wishes
Raffaella Da Vela