Linguistics

In this paper 1 I analyse grammatical gender and I examine Moroccan Arabic (henceforth MA) to English code-switching occurring between a modifier and a noun and how the gendered MA vs ungendered English dynamic allows accommodation for a form of convergent flexibility. Here, in MA and English bilingual utterances, if an English noun ends in an /a/ the speaker will assign an MA feminine marker /a/ in the adjoining adjective (Adj) as in kaemera kbīra 'big camera'. The same can be said if the English noun is devoid of an /a/ final sound as in 'coffee' which will then be marked for masculine in its adjectival gender in the MA as in coffee zwīn 'nice coffee'. Here then, phonological shape accounts for grammatical concord and this is generally agreed upon by speakers in natural conversation. However, sometimes such phonological gender assignment is not always as transparently defined and MA speakers instead select a semantic frame application to nouns, irrespective of phonological shape and such semanticisation is transferred across from the MA L1. Such assignment rules force the speakers in bilingual conversation to somehow 'agree' on noun assignment giving rise to either phonologically or semantically attributed MA adjectives and at times, there is feminine-masculine-feminine alternation until the end result is 'levelled' and agreed upon by both speakers. The main criterion here is absolute grammatical agreement which is essential in MA discourse and it is found that code switchers have strong grammatical intuitions of male or female-specific lexicality.

Using Myers-Scotton's (1993a) Matrix Language Frame Model (MLF), this abstract concerns itself with the analysis of grammatical gender in examining switching between a modifier and a noun in both Moroccan Arabic (henceforth MA) and English codeswitching and how the gendered MA vs ungendered English dynamic allows accommodation for a form of convergent flexibility. Using a corpus of 15 migrant and

Bu çalışmada PIC mikrodenetleyici denetimli yeni bir döner manyetik karıştırıcı sistem tasarlanmıştır. Tasarım, eksenel akılı sürekli mıknatıslı senkron motor yapısındaki bir döner manyetik alan kaynağı(stator), ısıtıcı, karıştırılacak sıvının konduğu kap ve karıştırma işlemini sağlayan manyetik balık olarak adlandırılan farklı büyüklüklerdeki mıknatıs çubuklardan(rotor) oluşmaktadır. Döner manyetik alan kaynağı, yıldız bağlanmış üç sargı grubundan oluşmaktadır. Döner manyetik alanın sağlanması için bu sargılar, aralarında 120 0 derece faz farkı olan kare dalga biçimindeki gerilimlerle beslenmiştir. Bu sargıların besleme geriliminin farklı karıştırma devirleri için gerekli olan frekansının ayarlanması işlemi de geliştirilen PIC mikrodenetleyici denetimli yeni bir besleme devresi ile sağlanmaktadır. Bu makale kapsamında, döner manyetik karıştırıcıyla ulaşılabilecek dönü hızı büyüklüğünün hangi parametrelere bağlı olduğu, karıştırıcının besleme ünitesinin çalışma ilkeleri ve bu sistemle yapılan deneylerin sonuçları ayrıntılı olarak tartışılmıştır.

Legal discourse has various linguistic features that form its distinctive nature. Generally, conferring rights, creating obligations, prohibiting, authorizing or permitting actions are the aims of legal documents. This dissertation project is divided into three main sections. The first is a general introduction that explores the background of the source and and target text understudy and detects its most important linguistic features. The second section is a translation of a 6000-word extract from the British ''Family Law Act 1996'' from English into Arabic. The final section is a translation commentary that analyses the source and target text using the Austin's Speech Act Taxonomy, with an emphasis on performative utterances, and uses the Ontological Model of Legal Norms, so as to prove or refute the hypothesis that states that legal discourse is performative and normative. This study has two main findings: first, the legislative source text is primarily performative in nature as it contains many performative utterances such as verdictives, exercitives, commissives and expositives; second, the source text is normative because the general context of the text, modality and conditional sentences it uses indicate it was drafted using eight legal norms, namely: entitling, obligatory, prohibitive, conditional, unconditional, provisional, competence and conduct.

Word order deals with the distribution of the Subject, Verb and Object (SVO) and the possible or impossible variants in which these three elements occur in a particular sentence. In English, for example, one can say Sami eats an apple or an apple Sami eats, and in the first example this variant occurs very often, so it is considered as the standard word order in English. Arabic, as English, has a

Polysemous words are the ones that have two or more meanings that are related. Arabic is a language of polysemous words, and that can be obviously seen reading any comprehensive dictionary of the language. Browsing the al-Qamus al-Muhit dictionary, any user can see the word Ayn is the most polysemous word in the Arabic language.

Stuart Gietel-Basten is currently chair of the Asian Population Association Scientific Committee, convener for fertility of the European Population Conference, strand organiser for fertility and reproductive health for the British Society for Population Studies and editor of the series Studies in European Population published by Springer under the auspices of the European Association for Population Studies. Along with Professor Francesco Billari, he co-founded and is the editor of openpop.org, one of the world's leading collaborative blogs on population issues.

Jeffrey Wickersham is an Associate Research Scientist in Infectious Diseases at Yale School of Medicine. Dr. Wickersham's research focuses on secondary HIV prevention among persons with substance use disorders in criminal justice settings. Specifically, his work seeks to understand the effect of gender differences in substance use etiology, drug and sex risk taking behavior, and to develop interventions sensitive to gender-specific needs to improve HIV and substance dependence outcomes. Dr. Wickersham has published a number of original research articles in this area and has delivered several lectures on the topic. In addition to his research, he has provided extended mentorship and direction to Yale University students working on Summer Research Fellowships at sites in Southeast Asia and Eastern Europe.

When referring to this thesis, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", name of the School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination. Declaration for SOAS PhD thesis I have read and understood regulation 17.9 of the Regulations for students of the SOAS, University of London concerning plagiarism. I undertake that all the material presented for examination is my own work and has not been written for me, in whole or in part, by any other person. I also undertake that any quotation or paraphrase from the published or unpublished work of another person has been duly acknowledged in the work which I present for examination.

Considering word minimality and assuming prosodic structure maximalisation, Hayes’ (1995) metrical stress theory predicts that if a syllabic trochee language that does not necessarily distinguish segmental length phonologically shows some evidence of heavy syllables, then a heavy syllable at one edge of the parse constitutes a proper syllabic trochee. At the same time, the author points out that the prediction is difficult to check due to lack of available data. This paper provides supporting evidence from Blanga, a recently documented Austronesian language of the Solomon Islands with no contrastive segmental length and no underlying heavy syllables, in which underlying stress is always penultimate and thus uses the syllabic trochee, a nonquantity-sensitive type of foot, as the minimal metric constituent. However, surface processes generate heavy syllables in all positions and stress on the last syllable if heavy, suggesting that the language counts moras, rather than syllables, for...

This paper will discuss whether Tibetan language, intended as the central or "standard" Tibetan variety spoken in Lhasa and in the province of Ü-Tsang, is endangered in the Tibet Autonomous Region and whether the language policy introduced in Tibet by the Chinese Government is an effective strategy to improve education and build a Chinese national identity in the region. An overview of the historical and political context of the education policy introduced in the Tibetan Autonomous Region, will include the conflicts in the Sino-Tibetan relationships in 2008 and their social and cultural background.