GLOSSRIO REA: ARQUEOLOGIA SUB-REA: ARQUEOLOGIA BRASILEIRA (TERMOS BSICOS)

Curso de Especializao em Traduo Ingls-Portugus Departamento de Letras PUC-Rio Maria Eleonora Coelho Correia Orientadora: Adriana Ceschin Rieche

Termo L1

Definio L1

Contexto

Termo L2

Contexto

Observaes

Determination of age on a specific timescale, as in years before present (b.f.) or according to a fixed calendrical system (compare with relative dating). (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:559) 2. Acquisition A stage in archaeological (n.) research design wherein data are gathered, normally by three basic proceduresreconnaissance, surface survey and excavation. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:559) 1 Absolute dating (np)

Absolute dating by Datao notations on Roman coins and absoluta Maya stelae (sn) (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:358)

No caso presente, em todas as prospeces realizadas, foram feitas tentativas visando o estabelecimento de dataes absolutas. (Reis, 2007:179) Por cadeias operatrias dos artefatos cermicos entendemos como uma srie de processos que se inicia na busca, aquisio e transporte da matria-prima [...]. (Vergne, et al. 2006:155) Na L2, tambm utiliza-se coleta (s.f.).

The collection and recording Aquisio of remains of the past (s.f.) constitutes the acquisition of archaeological data. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:70)

3. Alluvium (n.)

Soil deposited by running water. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:559)

4. Analysis (n.)

A stage in archaeological research design wherein data are isolated, described and structured, usually via

[] all evidence of previous human activity has been buried by forces of deposition such as wind-blown sand or volcanic ash or water laid alluvium. ( Sharer; Ashmore, 1979: 75) Analysis of form allows the archaeologist to outline the distribution of the remains of past societies both in time and

Aluvio (s.m.)

A idade mais antiga foi obtida de um nico fragmento de carvo depositado na superfcie do depsito de aluvio contendo o crnio. (Bird et al, 2004:37) Pelo menos 50% dos lticos obtidos apresentavam alterao fsico-qumica considervel, limitando,

Anlise (s.f.)

typological classification, along with chronometric, functional, technological and constituent determinations. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:559) The comprehensive study of the 5. Anthropology human species from biological, (n.) social and cultural perspectives using both synchronic and diachronic views; []. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:559) 6. Arbitrary levels (np) Excavation units defined metrically, as in the excavation of 5, 10 or 20cm levels (compare with natural levels). (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:559) 7. Maximum grouping of all Archaeologica assemblages assumed to l culture represent the sum of human (np) activities carried out within an ancient culture. (Sharer; Ashmore,1979: 559) 8. Archaeology (n.) The study of the social and cultural past through material remains with the aim of ordering and describing the

space. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:12)

evidentemente, a anlise. (Reis, 2007:155)

The foregoing description of Antropologia (s.m.) anthropology is a very simplified view of a very complex field. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:23)

There are essentially two ways to remove the matrix in the course of an excavation: one approach is to remove the matrix in arbitrary levels [...]. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:240) "At the highest level, patterned sets of assemblages are used by achaeologits to define archaeological cultures. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:288) First of all, the term archaeology is sometimes used to refer to a specific body of techniques used to recover evidence of the past,

Nveis artificiais (sn)

Cultura arqueolgica (sn)

No h como negar, porm, as fundamentais vinculaes da Arqueologia com a Antropologia, o que, alis, h anos vem sendo defendida por muitos arquelogos []. (Fossari, 2004:51) A escavao de Caldern desenvolveu-se por nveis artificiais (Quadro II), setorizada em quadrculas de 1,0 x 1,0m, numeradas pelo sistema alfanumrico [...]. (Silva, 2003:233) [...] considerando essas similaridades como tendo sido produzidas por uma nica e mesma cultura arqueolgica. (Lima, 2006:128) [....] convm afirmar que a unidade emprica bsica da Arqueologia o stio arqueolgico[...]. (Meneses, 1984:34)

Na L2, podese dizer tambm nveis arbitrrios (sn).

Arqueologia (s.f.)

Na L1, tambm correto dizer Archeology (n.).

events of the past and as in doing archaeology. explaining the meaning of those (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:12) events. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:559) 9. A professional scholar who Archaeologist studies the human past through (n.) its physical remains. But whether or not a document can be read, archaeologists study it as an artifact-what its made of, (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:559) where it was found and so on. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:18) Area excavations usually A type of clearing excavation composed of large squares used consist of squares often 5 or 10 m on a side which to reveal the horizontal extent resemble large test pits, but of data while preserving a stratigraphic record in the balks their information yield is much different. left between excavations []. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:231) (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:559) A discrete and portable object whose characteristics result wholly or in part from human activity; individually assignable to ceramic, lithic, metal, organic or other categories []. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:560) Arquelogo (s.m.) O arquelogo Pe. Joo Alfredo Rohr, durante os anos de 1962 a 1966, realizou as escavaes na Jazida pleo-etnogrfica da Praia da Tapera.[...]. (Fossari, 2004:188) Escavao em Apenas atravs da escavao em rea nestes rea (sn) stios se pode entender a real articulao das vrias reas funcionais do povoado, [...]. (Gonalves, 2002: 173)

10. Area excavation (np)

11. Artifact (n.)

Some artifact categories Artefato contain so few items that (s.m.) examination all pieces is both desirable and easily feasible. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:326)

[...] mas constituindo ele prprio um artefato e no somente o depsito de 'achados' arqueolgicos. ( Meneses, 1984:34)

Na L1, tambm pode se usar artefact (n.).

12. Assemblage (n.)

Gross grouping of all subassemblages assumed to represent the sum of human activities carried out within an ancient community. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:560)

"Assemblage patterning Conjunto reflects societal behavior (s.m.) patterns." (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:288)

[] estas sociedades aparecem subitamente, e so caracterizadas por conjuntos de artefatos distintos daqueles de fases anteriores. (Schaan, 2007:78) "[...] se processa atravs da associao de dois ou mais 'modos'." (Reis, 2007:156)

13. Association (n.)

Occurrence of an item of archaeological data adjacent to another and in or on the same matrix. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:560)

The use or function of an artifact cannot be inferred directly from associations in transposed primary context. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:90)

Associao (s.f.)

14. Attribute (n.)

Minimal characteristic used as criterion for grouping artifacts into classes; includes stylistic, form and technological attributes []. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:560) A small, egalitarian society subsisting by hunting and gathering, with no status distinctions other than those based upon age and sex; simplest multilinear cultural evolutionary stage (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:560)

"Formal attributes include, Atributo for example, size and (s.m.) content." (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:351)

15. Band (n.)

Bands are small egalitarian Bando societies that meet their (s.m.) subsistence needs by hunting and gathering. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:527)

[...] Quanto ao material cermico, os atributos considerados referem-se s caractersticas de pasta, tais como textura, tempero, cor do ncleo, queima e dureza. (Reis, 2007:164) [....]no deslocamento destas sociedades de bando, cada indivduo carregava seus prprios pertences. (Ucha, 2007:189)

16. B.P. (years Years before present; as a

However, it is very likely

A.P (Antes do Foi encontrado carvo a 7,30

Before Present) (np)

convention, 1950 is the year from which B.P. dates are calculated. (West Virginia, 2008)

17. Carrying capacity (n.)

Size and density of ancient populations that a given site or region can support under a specified subsistence technology. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:560)

that domesticated cattle as well as sheep and goats were herded in the Western Desert (eastern Sahara) during the eighth millennium B.P. (Bard; Shubert, 1999:16) Carrying capacity calculations can include a number of considerations. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:416)

Presente) (sn)

m de profundidade cuja datao resultou em 8.640 anos A.P. (Fossari, 2004:79)

Capacidade de suporte (sn)

A rea [....] surge como amostra analgica para o padro de assentamento e capacidade de suporte de toda a Floresta Amaznica.
(Noelli; Ferreira, 2007:1252.)

18. Ceramic artifacts (np)

Artifacts of fired clay, Pottery, like other ceramic Artefatos belonging to pottery, figurine or artifacts, may be made from cermicos other ceramic industries. a wide variety of clays. (sn) (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:306) (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:560)

19. Chiefdom (n.)

A large and complex society with differential social status, full-time occupational specializations and developed economic and political institutions headed by a hereditary authority, the chief; a multilinear cultural evolutionary stage.

Chiefdoms mark the Chefatura appearance within age and (s. f.) sex groups of social rankings in which differential social status is conferred at birth. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:529)

A fabricao de artefatos cermicos entre os indgenas do Brasil conforme Lima (1987: 173) ... est ligada rea domstica, constituindose em domnio quase que exclusivamente feminino. (Fossari, 2004:143) No caso da chefatura dos Camutins, os aterros mais prximos estavam a 2 km do ltimo aterro da elite. (Schann, 2007:85)

Na L2, tambm pode-se utilizar chefia (s.f.) ou cacicado (s.m.).

20. Complex (n.)

(Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:560) A chronological subdivision of different artifact types like stone tools, pottery, etc. used in the development of culture. histories. (Moss, 2008)

At issue was the culture Complexo history of hammered-copper (s.m.) technology in the Upper Great Lakes archaeological manifestation known as the Old Copper complex. (Bettinger, 1992:52)

The ordering of phenomena 21. Classification into groups (classes), based (n.) upon the sharing of attributes []. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:560)

22. Clusters (n.)

Groups of spatially proximate sample units whose internal variability is believed to be similar to that of the overall population. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:560)

23. Context (n.)

The relationship of artifacts and other cultural remains to each other and the situation in which they are found. (West Virginia, 2008)

Apoiados em comparaes que estabeleceram entre a cermica do complexo Valdvia (a da produo cermica mais antiga da costa equatoriana) [...]. (Fossari, 2004:73) As with artifacts, the first Classificao Estas limitaes todas, e, em step with ecofacts is (s.f.) especial, a descontinuidade e classification. quantidade desprezvel de (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:330) artefatos no recomendam uma classificao tipolgica. (Reis, 2007:155) Depending upon such Agrupamento Uma anlise de criteria, these clusters may s (s.m.) agrupamentos (clusters) feita reflect civic activities, a partir dos dados de ceremonialism, markets and presena-ausncia nos cinco so forth. estratos verticais nos forfitos (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:95) [...]. (Bittencourt; Corte; Sanquetta, 2004:251) Context is the interpretation Contexto Foi levado em conta tambm (s.m.) que as evidncias da cultura of the significance of an material da populao prartifacts deposition in terms colonial J - concentradas nos of its matrix, provenience and espaos que utilizaram como association - that is, what it is and how it got there. reas (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:84) de residncia e/ou de outras

24. Contract archaeology (np)

Archaeological research conducted under legal agreement with a governmental or private agency; in the U.S. usually carried out under authority of legislation designed to protect the nation's cultural resources []. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:561)

The growth of contract Arqueologia archaeology in the context of de contrato protecting the heritage of the (sn) past raises the possibility that nonsalvage investigations (pure research) may be controlled or even dictated by the government agencies granting contracts. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:555) Forms of human remains Coprlitos include mummies, (s.m.) fragmentary bones and teeth, and coprolites. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:339)

atividades cotidianas, integram um interessante contexto arqueolgico. (Fossari, 2004:15) A intimidade com o trabalho de campo vai acontecer somente quando o arquelogo obrigado a lanar-se no mercado de trabalho (atualmente, a arqueologia de contrato) [...]. (Fogaa, 2000:7)

25. Coprolites Preserved ancient feces that (n.) provide food residues used to reconstruct ancient diet and subsistence activities. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:561)

[] ossos de dinossauros e outros rpteis em um poo a nordeste de Marlia, bem como a presena de moluscos fsseis e coprlitos (fezes fsseis). (Ueda; Paleari, 2004:32) Os resduos de lascamento, as lascas e os ncleos so pouco elaborados e parecem ter sido obtidos ao acaso e no previamente preparados." (Beck, 1970:13) [...] o grau de integrao

26. Core (n.)

A lithic artifact from which humans strike off flakes. It can serve as a tool itself or as raw material from which other tools are made. (Moss, 2008)

[] fragments of spearthrowers and darts; cloth containing obsidian core and flakes, llama metatarsal bones, haft, []. (Kroeber; Collier, 1998:80)

Ncleo (s.m.)

27. Cultural

The sum of the adjustments of a The point of these

Adaptao

adaptation (np)

human society to its environment []. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:561)

illustrations is that cultural cultural adaptation to a given (sn) environment results from both availability of resources and the ways people exploit those resources. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:416) It must be stressed that cultural ecology does not imply that the environment determines the nature of culture. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:61) Ecologia cultural (sn)

alcanado pelos grupos de horticultores na rea deveu-se ao desenvolvimento de um processo de adaptao cultural s condies de semi-aridez (Oliveira, 2001:15) Entretanto, preciso esclarecer que a ecologia cultural no implica que o ambiente determine a natureza da cultura. (Fossari, 2004:96)

28. Cultural ecology (np)

The study of the dynamic interaction between human society and its environment, viewing culture as the primary adaptive in the relationship. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:561)

29. Cultural evolution (np)

30. Cultural resource management (np)

Change-and, ultimately, cultural evolution-stems from changes within this adaptive relationship between culture and the environment. (Sharer; Ashmore,1979:61) The conservation and selective As far as federal law is investigation of prehistoric and concerned, cultural resource management is the historic remains; specifically, responsibility of the Heritage the development of way and Conservation and Recreation means, including legislation, to safeguard the past (see contract Services (HCRS), established by the Secretary of the archaeology). Interior in January, 1978, with (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:561) control over the natural, The theory that human societies change via a process analogous to the evolution of biological species []. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:561)

Evoluo cultural (sn)

[] a diferena entre essa perspectiva e a da evoluo cultural, unilinear, de Spencer, Tylor e Morgan. (Lima, 2006:127) [...] numa perspectiva de preservao versus acesso pblico no perdendo de vista toda a realidade socioeconmica ligada gesto de recursos culturais. (Fernandes, 2003:5)

Gesto de recursos culturais (sn)

recreational and cultural resources under federal jurisdiction. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:556) 31. Culture (n.) [] A definition suited to archeology sees culture as the cumulative resource of human society that provides the means for non-genetic adaptation to the environment by regulating behavior in three areas technology, social systems and ideology. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:561) 32. Culture area (np) A spatial unit defined by ethnographically observed cultural similarities within a given geographical area; used archaeologically to define spatial limits to archaeological cultures []. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:561) Since that time, other rea cultural prehistoric culture areas (sn) have been worked out , both in the New World and in the old (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:487488) [...] ao enfocar as populaes indgenas chaquenhas, no se acrescenta explicitamente o Pantanal Mato-grossense na rea cultural do Gran Chaco[...]. (Oliveira, 1995:68) The term culture has both a general and specific connotation. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:23) Cultura (s. f.) Entretanto, o fato de se reconhecer o preponderante papel que a cultura exerce sobre o comportamento humano - e que ela tambm modificada por este (Fossari, 2004:103).

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33. Cuneiform Literally "wedge-shaped;" (n.) referring to the earliest known writing system, which developed in the ancient Near East (Mesopotamia). (Sharer ;Ashmore, 1979:562)

34. Data Universe (np)

Denned area of archaeological investigation, often a region or a site, bounded both in time and geographical space. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:562)

Clay tablets marked in cuneiform writing, Egyptian hieroglyphic texts on papyrus, and inscriptions carved on Maya stone stelae are just as much documents as are the books and records of Renaissance Europe. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:17) [...] a bounded area of investigation maybe referred to as a data universe. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:95)

Cuneiforme (s.m.)

[...] um tijolo cuneiforme babilnico, que, embora esteja h mais de vinte anos no Brasil, somente agora teve seu contedo revelado [...]. (Silva, 2006: 40)

Universo de dados (sn)

35. Dating (n.)

The process by which an archaeologist determines dates for objects, deposits, buildings, etc., in an attempt to situate a given phenomenon in time []. (Kipfer, 2008)

Today the most common Datao dating techniques are (s.f.) chronometric those, such as radiocarbon, K-A, and archaeomagnetism, that place the death of an organism or another physical event within a specific range of dates on a calendrical time scale. (Rathje; Schiffer, 1983:262) Significantly, the workshop Debitagem debris-nontool by products of (s.f.) chipping, called debitage-was usually ignored by traditional

As evidncias da Tapera e do Rio do Meio foram totalmente escavadas, dispondo-se de um universo de dados com referncias de um todo [...]. (Fossari, 2004:254-255) A certeza de que algumas dessas pressuposies esto equivocadas, significa que diferentes tcnicas de datao podem inferir diferentes idades para um mesmo evento arqueolgico. (Bird et al., 2004:28)

36. Debitage (n.)

The lithic debris, resulting from the manufacture of chippedstone tools that provides evidence for the reconstruction

Observemos inicialmente como foram aproveitadas as lascas de debitagem, descorticagem e talha [...].

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of ancient manufacturing behavior []. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:562) 37. Dendrochron ology (n.) The study of tree ring patterns which are linked to develop a continuous chronological sequence. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:562) 38.Diachronic Pertaining to phenomena as (n.) they occur or change over a period of time; a chronological perspective []. (Sharer;Ashmore,1979:562) 39. Diffusion (n.)

classifications that focused (Fogaa et al., 1997:19) only on the forms of finished tools. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:301) The modern method of Dendrocronol Do estudo do crescimento dendrochronology involves a ogia dos anis, desenvolveu-se refinement of such tree-ring (s.f.) uma cincia, denominada counts. Dendrocronologia, que tem (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:374) colaborado enormemente com a Arqueologia. (Botosso; Pvoa, 2002:16) Finally, from this Para a Arqueologia Diacrnico perspective, prehistoric (s.m.) Darwiniana o estudo archaeology studies culture diacrnico dos artefatos from a diachronic mostra mais que uma viewpoint. seqncia temporal ou uma (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:23) convergncia, [...]. (Lima, 2006:129) [] entendendo que as mudanas culturais estariam vinculadas a movimentos migratrios e atravs da difuso. (Fossari, 2004:101)

40.Ecofact (n.)

Difuso Transmission of ideas from one Diffusion occurs under a variety of circumstances: any (s.f.) culture to another. contact between individuals (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:562) of different societies involves the potential diffusion of new ideas from one culture to another. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:497) Ecofato Non-artifactual evidence from [] ecofacts are archaeological data that do (s.m.) the past that has cultural not owe their form to human relevance; []. behavior. (Sharer;Ashmore,1979:562) (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:240)

[...] contextualizados por evidncias de atividades de produo e consumo manifestadas atravs das categorias de artefatos e

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41. Excavation (n.)

Removal of matrix in order to discover and retrieve archaeological data from beneath the ground, thereby revealing three-dimensional structure of the data and matrix, both vertically [] (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:562)

Using appropriate Escavao (s.f.) excavation tools, the archaeologist proceeds to isolate archaeological materials and clear away their encasing matrix. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:240)

ecofatos [...]. (Fossari, 2004:66) A escavao do primeiro setor atingiu 1m onde foi registrada a presena de arenito em decomposio [...]. (Reis, 2007:46)

42. Exchange systems (np)

Systems for trade or transfer of goods, services and ideas between individuals and societies []. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:562)

Human societies establish Sistemas de exchange systems in order to troca acquire goods and services (sn) not normally available to them locally. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:434)

[...] aquisio de ornamentos e matriasprimas, difuso de rituais, sistemas de troca de tcnicas e itens de cultura material etc. (Gordon, 2005,p.18) Quanto aos restos faunsticos, embora a anlise de laboratrio no tenha sido concluda, podemos observar que as fontes de suprimento alimentar dos grupos que habitaram o Sambaqui de Enseada 1 eram bastante variadas.

43. Faunal remains (np)

Some of the best known of Restos A type of ecofact derived from these studies deal with faunal faunsticos non-human animals, including (sn) bones, shells, teeth, antlers, etc. remains bones. (Bettinger, 1992:73) whose study provides information on subsistence, husbandry, and dietary practices. (Moss, 2008)

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44. Feature (n.)

A nonportable artifact, not recoverable from its matrix without destroying its integrity []. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:563)

"Features, like artifacts, owe Feature their form to human (s.m.) intervention, so it is not surprising that analysis of features is similar to that for artifacts." (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:345) It should be noted, however, Lasca (s.f.) that the majority of the obsidian flakes and other waste bone and stone material was not included in these collections []. (Phillips, 2001:119)

(Beck, 1970:36) [...] e ainda seus arranjos espaciais na rea de ocupao, sugeridos pelos features. (Fossari, 2004:66)

45. Flake (n.)

Lithic (stone) artifact detached from a core, either as a tool, material for making tools, or as debitage. (Moss, 2008)

46. Flotation (n.)

Placing excavated matrix in water to separate and recover small ecofacts and artifacts. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:563)

Flotation or water Flotao separation is another method (s.f.) of bulk processing that has been of special benefit for recovery of organic materials. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:247) The determination of function ultimately leads to the reconstruction of ancient Funo (s.f.)

...o arquelogo Joo Alfredo Rohr discriminou em seu dirio de escavao o material ltico que descartou em campo, como seixos, lascas e os fragmentos de diabsio diaclasado, quartzo e rochas granitides. (Fossari, 2004:210-211) As amostras para a flotao foram coletadas junto s estruturas de fogueiras, onde havia uma maior concentrao de restos de alimentao. (Fossari, 2004:238) [...] possvel inferir a funo do stio no passado, ou seja, se de rea de

47. Function (n.)

The purpose or use of a component of a culture or of a cultural system. The second

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goal of archaeological research customs, behaviors, and beliefs. involves the analysis of data (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:12) and their relationships to determine function and thereby reconstruct ancient behavior []. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:563) 48. Historical archaeology (np) That area of archaeology concerned with literate societies, in contrast to prehistoric archaeology, although the distinction is not always clear-cut []. For obvious reasons historical archaeology is often allied to the discipline of history. (Sharer; Ashmore,1979:564) The study of the past through written records which are compared, judged for veracity, placed in chronological sequence and interpreted in the light of preceding, contemporary and subsequent events. (Sharer;Ashmore,1979:564) Humans who lived prior to written history and depended Historical archaeology refers to archaeological investigations carried out in conjunction with analyses of written records. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:98) Arqueologia Histrica (sn)

moradia, rea de atividades de trabalho ou de atividade cerimonial. (Fossari, 2004:54)

H hoje,duas grandes reas de atuao dos arquelogos no Brasil,a a arqueologia PrHistrica e a arqueologia histrica, cada uma delas com diversos campos, e temas especficos de pesquisa. (Funari, 2003:27)

49. History (n.)

Archaeology is obviously related to the field of history in that both disciplines seek knowledge of human past. (Sharer;Ashmore:18)

Histria (s.f)

Estes eventos s se tornam parte da Histria quando interpretados por um historiador, imbudo da viso do seu tempo e de sua cultura. (Fossari,2004:21)

50. HunterGatherers (np)

Subsequent attempts to Caadoresunderstand hunter-gatherers coletores lifeways have directly (sn)

Dos caadores-coletores da Ilha de Santa Catarina, digno de nota o

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upon the hunting of wild animals and the gathering of natural plant foods for their livelihood. (SEAC, 2008) 51. Industry (n.)

Gross artifact category defined by shared material and technology, such as a chippedstone industry or a pottery industry. (Sharer; Ashmore ,1979:564)

contributed to the development of many powerful anthropological theories of adaptation and evolution in other disciplines. (Bettinger, 1992:2) Inventory consists simply of Indstria counting and recording the (s.f.) quantity of artifacts within each industry (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:274)

trabalho que desenvolveram com a matria-prima ltica, com a qual produziam artefatos em grande quantidade. (Fossari, 2004:83) [...] Ou a variabilidade destas indstrias resulta de funcionalidade diferenciada de stio, de trocas de ambientes, ou ainda por outras razes? (Hilbert, 2005:2) O expressivo nmero de artefatos lticos registrado no sambaqui de Piaagera corresponde a 96,74% de lascas de quartzo ou quartzito e umas poucas de diabsio [...]. (Ucha, 2007:95) Os enfoques arqueolgicos em termos da distribuio e da localizao dos antigos assentamentos em contexto arqueolgico amplo, por exemplo, vm sendo incrementados pela aplicao das anlises espacial e

52. Lithic artifacts (np)

Artifacts made from stone, including chipped-stone and ground-stone industries. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:565)

Traditionally, most analysis Artefatos of lithic artifacts involved a lticos classification based upon (sn) form, often using direct or implied functional labels such as scrapers spokeshaves and so on. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:300) Other locational and spatial Anlise analyses have been or are locacional being developed to describe, (sn) compare and understand settlement distributions. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:432)

53. Locational Techniques from geography analysis used to study locations of (np) human settlement and to infer the determinants of these locations []. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:565)

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54. Matrix (n.)

The physical medium that surrounds, holds or supports archaeological data. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:565)

The manner in which a Matriz matrix is removed is (s.f.) extremely important. ( Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:240) Analysis by Clark and his Mesoltico co-workers of pollen samples from Star Carr, a 10.000 years (s.m.) old Mesolithic site in northern England, []. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:330)

locacional [...]. (Fossari, 2004:98) [] destacando-se numa matriz de areia solta, de 30 at 50 cm de dimetro, por uns 15 cm de espessura, [...]. (Fossari, 2004:202) [...] so considerados como pertencendo a este perodo s porque apresentam dataes posteriores ao momento que a autora define como marcando o incio da transio do Mesoltico para o Neoltico na regio. (Zilho, 1998:31) [] poucos objetos do equipamento domstico que continua insubstituvel pela tecnologia de artefatos de metal. (Neto, 2006:6)

55. Mesolithic Old World chronological (n.) period referring to the transition between the paleolithic and neolithic. [] (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:565)

56. Metal artifacts (np)

Artifacts made from metal, including copper, bronze and iron industries. (Sharer Ashmore, 1979:565)

57. Migration Movement of human (n.) populations from one area to another, usually resulting in cultural contact. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:565)

For example, in Near-eastern metal artifacts, copper alloys may be distinguished by their constituents, such as brass (copper and zinc) or or bronze (copper and arsenic or copper and tin). (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:287) Of course, large scale human events such as war, conquest and mass migration have destructive consequences for archaeological preservation (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:8182)

Artefatos de metal (sn)

Migrao (s.f.)

[]e os Xokleng, habitantes do estado de Santa Catarina foram os primeiros a se separarem,cuja migrao em direo ao sul[...]. (Fossari, 2004:32)

17

58. MNI Minimum Number of Individuals (np)

The Minimum Number of Individuals represented in a given faunal or human bone collection; determined from the number in the largest category of skeletal elements recovered. (Sharer;Ashmore,1979:565) An attribute with special significance because it distinguishes one type from another. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:565)

One very basic manipulation in the analysis of animal remains is the calculation of minimum number of individuals (MNI) represented. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:338)

NMI (Nmero mnimo de indivduos) (sn)

Para a quantificao foram adotadas duas unidades bsicas de estimativa[..].e o NMI (nmero mnimo de indivduos). (Rosa, 1999:31) "[...] atributos, os quais de conformidade com sua freqncia possam ser considerados 'modos'." (Reis, 2007:156)

59. Mode (n.)

"The classes may be of single Modo attributes (modes) or clusters (s.m.) of attributes (types)." (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:290)

60. Natural levels (np)

Excavation units defined by stratigraphy, as opposed to arbitrary levels. Natural secondary context: Secondary context resulting from natural transformational processes such as erosion, animal and plant activity []. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:565)

[] the other is to work in Nveis units corresponding to visible naturais strata or natural levels. (sn) (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:240)

[] tcnica de decapagem em nveis naturais, de maneira a expor o plano (na extenso horizontal) por inteiro de cada estrato, [...]. (Fossari, 2004:240)

61. Neolithic (n.)

Old world chronological period characterized by the development of agriculture and the use of ground-stone

And the famous Neolithic Neoltico lake dwellings of Switzerland (s.m.) were discovered when extremely low water levels

A descoberta de diversas estaes do Neoltico antigo no decurso dos trabalhos de salvamento

18

industries. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:565) 62. Obsidian (n.)

Black volcanic glass frequently used in stone tool manufacture. Sources of obsidian can be chemically "finger-printed" to reconstruct ancient patterns of travel and trade. (Moss, 2008) l

during the dry winter of 185354 exposed the preserved remains of wooden pilling...( Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:151) Only six of the 650 artefacts Obsidiana (s.f.) belonged to the categories that are included in the list, the remainder being mainly obsidian, []. (Phillips, 2001:142)

promovidos pelo Gabinete da rea de Sines [...]. (Zilho, 1998:28)

63. Osteodontoke ratic (n.)

Literally "bone-tooth-horn;" referring to the controversial tool ''technology" of some early hominids. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:566)

64. Paleoanthrop ology (n.)

Sometimes used as a synonym for prehistoric archaeology. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:566)

65. Paleolithic (n.)

Old World chronological period characterized by the earliest known lithic artifacts, those of chipped stone, and by a

Numerosos estudos foram realizados[...]sobre diferentes materiais entre os quais as obsidianas (vidros vulcnicos utilizados para a confeco de armas, facas, pontas de seta, ferramentas e objetos cultuais). (Dutine et al., 2007:271) [] he posited that the Queratosseod [] oferecemos aos bones are the remains of an arquelogos um onto (s.m.) GLOSSRIO da indstria osteodontokeratic toolmaking tradition. queratosseodonto[malacolg (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:469) ica], segundo nos apresentada nas publicaes nacionais e estrangeiras. (Rohr, 1976/77:6) In this sense, prehistoric Paleoantropol Cada descobrimento da archaeology is sometimes paleoantropologia ou da ogia referred to as (s.f.) paleobiologia provoca ondas paleoanthropology. de embates entre (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:23) cientistas,[...]. ( Wedderburn, 200:137) Because chipped stone is the Paleoltico A arte rupestre comeou no oldest preserved form of (s.m.) Paleoltico Superior, culture and technology, persistindo em muitas reas archaeologists have used it to at tempos mais tardios, [...].

19

hunting and gathering economy. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:566) 66. Patination Weathering reactions on the (n.) surfaces of minerals, including flint and other lithic artifacts. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:566)

67. Penetrating Excavations designed excavations primarily to reveal the (np) vertical and temporal dimensions within archaeological deposits; the depth, sequence and composition of buried data []. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:566) 68. Prehistoric The area of archaeology concerned with preliterate or archaeology (np) nonliterate societies, in contrast to historical archaeology. In North America prehistoric archaeology is considered a part of the discipline of

name the earliest period of cultural development, the Paleolithic(old stone) period. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:295) Because the amount or degree of patination has been assumed to be a function of time, some archaeologists have used the observed patina as a rough guide to the relative age of stone artifacts. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:370) Penetrating excavations are primarily deep probes of subsurface deposits: their main thrust is vertical and their principal objective is to reveal, in cross-section, the depth, sequencing and composition of archaeological remains. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:226) Prehistoric archaeology studies societies and time periods that lack historical traditions. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:20)

(Fossari, 2004:59)

Ptina (s.f.)

[] a rocha com ptina, ou, o local dos mesmos tem cobertura com espessura fina de rocha intemperizada. (Fossari, 2004:278)

Escavao vertical (sn)

Pouco divaga, empenhado a fundo na escavao vertical, processo que vem tambm se realizando intensamente nos dois rios [...]. (Mezzalira, 1966:130)

Arqueologia pr-histrica (sn)

[...] com a arqueologia prhistrica seja porque muitos arquelogos atuam nas duas reas, seja porque passaram por uma formao comum a ambas. (Funari, 2003: 113)

20

anthropology. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:566) 69. Primary context (np) The condition where provenience, association and matrix have not been disturbed since original deposition of archaeological data (compare with secondary context). (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:567) 70. Processing Stage in archaeological research (n.) design usually involving cleaning, conservation, numbering, inventory, cataloguing, photographing and initial sorting of archaeological data. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:567) 71. Protohistory (n.) Transition between prehistoric and historic eras (see prehistoric and historical archaeology). (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:567) Other archaeological projects bridge the transition between prehistory and history-the period sometimes called protohistory. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:21) Of all the types of archaeological data, artifacts usually undergo the most complex and thorough processing. Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:268) Processament [...] no processamento de derivados de animais o (s.m.) marinhos, resultados estes obtidos atravs de anlises qumicas, confirmando, assim, a utilizao de tais recipientes no cozimento [...]. (Fossari, 2004:242) Protohistrico (adj.) Um outro stio protohistrico [...] o stio, localizado na vila homnima, onde, no perodo colonial, estabeleceu-se uma misso religiosa, na costa leste do Maraj. (Schaan, 2007: 84) [] demarcao dos locais de procedncia de tais Intact archaeological features are always in primary context although later disturbance can remove components of such features from primary context. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:87) Contexto primrio (sn) O contexto primrio o contexto original do achado, sem perturbao de qualquer fator, seja humano ou natural, desde que foi depositado. (Hilbert, 2005:10)

72. Provenience

Three-dimensional location of archaeological data within or

Controlling provenience in excavation, like that in

Procedncia (s.f.)

21

(provenance) (n.)

on the matrix at the time of discovery. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:567)

73. Radiocarbon dating (np)

Radiometric dating technique based upon measuring the decay of the radioactive isotope of carbon ("Q) to stable nitrogen ( I4 N). (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:567)

surface collection begins with the labeling of the excavation operations. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:240) Also, fragmentary in situ Datao deposits yield such organic radiocarbnic material as bone, plant a(sn) remains and charcoal for radiocarbon dating. (Bard; Shubert, 1999:228)

evidncias nas proximidades da antiga ocupao. (Fossari, 2004:108) Foi possvel demonstrar a aplicabilidade de um sistema simples de gerao/absoro de CO2 na datao radiocarbnica de amostras ricas em carbonato. (Mendona; Godoy, 2004:325) [...] troca recproca, distribuio e partilha dos alimentos, solidariedade interna [...]. (Oliveira, 2003:159)

74. Reciprocal Simple and direct trade exchange between two parties, (np) involving the exchange of goods, services or monetary units []. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:567) 75. Refuse (n.) Any materials or remains left behind or discarded by humans. (Kipfer, 2008)

Reciprocal exchange is found in all human societies, []. (Sharer; Ashmore,1979:434)

Troca recproca (sn)

[] if we think of Descarte archaeological assemblages as (s.m.) collections of refuse reflecting the suite of activities carried out over discrete periods of time, it is clear that, as the period of accumulation decreases, the probability of functional association between any two items in that collection

O local de descarte de lixo dos Nambikura ao redor de suas habitaes, sendo amontoados ou no ossos quebrados, favas, sabugos de milho, carvo, restos de alimentao, e artefatos inutilizados . (Roquete-Pinto, apud. Fossari, 2004: 197)

22

increases []. (Bettinger, 1992:67)

76. Relative dating (np)

Determining chronological sequence without reference to a fixed time-scale (compare with absolute dating). (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:567)

77. Rock art (np)

Includes pictographs (designs painted on stone surfaces) and petroglyphs (designs pecked or incised on stone surfaces). (Moss, 2008)

78. Salvage archaeology (np)

Collection of archaeological data from a site or region the face of the impending destruction of past remains. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:568)

79. Sample

A set of units selected from a

But relative dates-those that indicate whether A is older than B-usually have broader and more comprehensive significance, for they lead to definition of chronological sequence. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:358) Preliminary radiocarbon studies of deposited salts in stratigraphic relation to rock art gave determinations of up to 8000 years for a multilayered crust []. (Chippindale; Taon, 1998:104) Second, archaeologists have had to seriously re-examine the ethics and professional standards appropriate for this kind of contract work, in order to avoid the well-known past mistakes of salvage archaeology. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:556) The point here, as in all

Datao relativa (sn)

Tambm a possibilidade de obteno de datao relativa atravs da seriao do material cermico e ltico mostrou-se invivel. (Reis, 2007:180)

Arte rupestre Ressaltando que a arte (sn) rupestre constitui um produto pictogrfico essencialmente distinto da concepo de arte na nossa sociedade contempornea, [...]. (Fossari, 2004:59) Arqueologia A Arqueologia de Salvamento, convm que se de esclarea, s se impe em Salvamento (sn) circunstncias cruciais, ou seja, naqueles casos em que o sito est condenado ao total desaparecimento [...]. (Fossari, 2004:231) Amostra "Foram, ainda, coletadas 5

23

(n.)

population. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:568)

80. Screening (n.)

Passing excavated matrix through a metal mesh to improve the recovery rate of artifacts and larger ecofacts. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:568)

questions of sampling, is to (s.f.) know what the sample is meant to represent, []. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:328) The most common means of Peneirao recovering artifacts and (s.f.) ecofacts under bulk conditions is by screening. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:247) There is little information about the diversity, numbers and seasonality of fish in the Firth of Thames. (Phillips, 2001:23) Sazonalidade (s.f.)

amostras destinadas datao por C14 [...]." (Reis, 2007: 42) Na etapa de laboratrio, aps o material ser pesado, ele encaminhado para lavagem e peneirao em peneiras de malha fina, [...]. (Hatae, 2005: 11) O conhecimento das condies climticas contribui significativamente para estabelecer o perfil do estado de conservao dos stios, a sazonalidade na explorao dos recursos naturais[...]. (Silva, 2003:58) [...] o contexto secundrio se refere a um contexto de um achado, cujo contexto foi perturbado por atividades ou influncias naturais posteriores [...]. (Hilbert, 2005:10)

81. Seasonality The season of occupation of a (n.) site. Seasons are defined differently in different environments and by different societies. (Moss, 2008)

82. Secondary The condition where context provenience, association and (np) matrix have been wholly or partially altered by transformation processes after original deposition of archaeological data (compare with primary context). (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:568) 83. Seriation (n.) Techniques used to carder artifacts in a relative dating

Secondary context refers to Contexto a condition in which both secundrio provenience and matrix have (sn) been wholly or partially altered by processes of transformation. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:87)

Seriation refers to a variety of techniques that seek to

Seriao (s.f.)

Os fragmentos de cermica utilizados na seriao so

24

sequence, in such a way that adjacent items in the series are more similar to each other than to items further apart in the series []. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:568) 84. Settlement A cluster of activity areas used (n.) by a community and forming a camp, village, town, or city. (Rathje; Schiffer, 1983:396)

order the artifacts in a series procedentes da escavao such that adjacent members in realizada na parte externa da the series are more similar to estrutura [...]. each other than to members (Ribeiro, 1991:459) further away in the series. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:361) []made the expedition Assentamento Voltando ao domnio da welcome for two nights and (s.m.) Arqueologia, estudar um led them to a Late Period assentamento significa ancient settlement a few investigar a distribuio kilometers upstream which espacial das moradias e outras was prospected. reas de atividades (Kroeber; Collier, 1998:31) humanas do passado,[...]. (Fossari, 2004:50) [...] do ponto de vista da evidncia arqueolgica, na tentativa de levantar as conexes entre o comportamento e os seus resultados materiais, tais como distribuio e fabricao de artefatos, prticas de caa, padres de assentamento. (Fossari, 2004:116) Porm, at o Sistema de assentamento desenvolvimento desta tese (sn) tais stios no tinham sido vistos em termos de seu conjunto, ou seja, como

85. Settlement The distribution of features and We shall consider Padres de sites across the landscape. settlement patterns and patterns assentamento (np) (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:568) evidence of exchange systems (sn) as examples of frameworks for reconstructing ancient social systems. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:403)

86. Settlement The sites in a particular region during a particular period of time, system (np) and their social, economic, and political relationships. (Moss, 2008)

A settlement system is proposed, based on this evidence and the environmental data. (Phillips, 2001:9 )

25

testemunhos do sistema de assentamento pr-colonial J. (Fossari, 2004:2) 87. Shell midden (np) An archaeological deposit consisting of a refuse mound of discarded shells, offering evidence of early human use of certain mollusks. These often extensive heaps are the result of many years of exploitation of marine resources as a main or supplementary food source. Shell middens provide information on diet, harvesting techniques, subsistence economy, and seasonality. (Kipfer, 2008) The individual pieces of broken pottery vessels. (SEAC, 2008) Yet, in a series of Sambaqui (s.m.) settlements, located on the hills north of the Kirikiri stream, shell midden was found down the slopes, an indication that the common practice by Maori elsewhere in New Zealand, and enshrined in ritual of dumping food refuse away from habitation occurred here too[]. (Phillips, 2001:47) One sherd fitting this incomplete piece was found in grave II (171233). (Kroeber; Collier, 1998:106) Caco (s.m.) O contedo dos sambaquis nos permite observar importantes elementos que manifestam a cultura, ou parte dela, dos grupos prhistricos que os construram. (Beck, 2007:16)

88. Sherd (n.)

89. Site (n.)

A spatial clustering of archaeological data, comprising artifacts, ecofacts, and features in any

The site represents the remains of human foodprocurement behavior some 8500 years ago.

Stio (s.m.)

[...] tais registros tratam de stios arqueolgicos representando locais de habitao, diagnosticados por artefatos (inteiros ou fragmentados - como cacos de cermica...). (Fossari, 2004:46) No caso especfico em questo, os principais vestgios arqueolgicos que constituem os stios so as

26

combination. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979: 568) 90. Site catchment analysis (np) Definition of available resources within a given distance of a site; determines an area within which distance is assumed to be insignificant in differential accessibility to these resources. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:568) 91. Site grid (np) A set of regularly spaced intersecting north-south and east-west lines, usually marked by stakes, providing the basic reference system for recording horizontal provenience (coordinates) within a site. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:568) 92. Sondage (n.) A sounding pit; that is, an initial test pit placed so as to preview what lies beneath the ground. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:568)

(Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:329)

A third approach, developed by Claudio Vita Finzi and Eric S. Higgs is called sitecatchment analysis. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:413)

Anlise de captao de recursos (sn)

estruturas subterrneas e os aterros. (Reis, 2007:53 ) Focalizando-os sob tal perspectiva e aplicando a anlise de captao de recursos, at ento no testada na Ilha, foi possvel verificar-se certas caractersticas deste sistema. (Fossari, 2004:306)

Site maps also indicate the site grid system used to designate archaeological features and other data. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:184)

Quadriculame O quadriculamento dos stios foi feito por meio de nto do stio (sn) piquetes e barbante[...]. (Ucha, 2007:30)

This kind of test pit, often called a sounding pit (sondage) is used to preview what lies beneath the ground, either to reveal the natural strata to better distinguish these from cultural deposits, or to probe the full vertical extent of cultural deposits.

Sondagem (s.f.)

Como foi efetuada apenas uma Sondagem, os sepultamentos no foram identificados quanto a sondagem de origem. (Beck, 2007:165 )

27

(Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:227) 93. Strata (n.) Layers or strata may be slopping or roughly horizontal; they may be thick or thin. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:214) Nos estratos mais antigos que correspondem ao primeiro perodo de ocupao, Caldern coletou material ltico, associado a cinzas e carvo, a uma profundidade de -60 a 90 cm, [...]. (Silva, 2003:233) Archaeological Estratificao No estudo da estratificao stratification refers to the (s.f.) de ambos os stios, e suas observed layering of matrices representaes se fizeram por and features. meio de nmeros [...]. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:214) (Ucha, 2007:29) Estratos (s.m.) Em L2, pode-se dizer tambm camada (s.f.).

The definable layers of archaeological matrix or features revealed by excavation []. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:569)

94. Stratification (n.)

Multiple strata whose order of deposition reflects the law of superposition (lowest stratum having been deposited first, the uppermost last. []. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:569) The archaeological evaluation of the significance of stratification to determine the temporal sequence of data within stratified deposits by using both the law of superposition and context evaluations. (Sharer;Ashmore,1979:569) Attributes defined by the surface characteristics of

95. Stratigraphy (n.)

"We have also seen how archaeological stratigraphy may result from both behavioral and natural transformational processes[...]. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:361)

Estratigrafia (s.f.)

[...] a no ser quando o desbastamento podia ser feito segundo as camadas naturais acompanhando, portanto, sua estratigrafia. (Ucha, 2007:29)

96. Stylistic

This is because stylistic attributes are least affected

Atributos estilsticos

Os atributos estilsticos podem ser vistos como uma

28

attributes (np)

artifactscolor, texture, decoration and: so forth leading to stylistic classifications. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:569)

by functional or technological (sn) requirements. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:358)

estrutura hierrquica organizada por nveis[]. (Rodrigues, 2006:208) os subconjuntos refletem o comportamento da comunidade e os conjuntos, a sociedade. (Silva, 2003:30)

97. Subassemblag e (n.)

Grouping of artifacts classes, based upon form and functional criteria, assumed to represent a single occupational group within an ancient community (see assemblage and archaeological culture). (Sharer; Ashmore,1979:569) Means of supporting life, in particular by obtaining food. [] is that part of economy concerned with acquisition, distribution, and production of food. (Kipfer, 2008)

"Subassemblage reflects community behavior patterns." (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:289)

Subconjunto (s.m.)

98. Subsistence (n.)

99. Subsistence economy (np)

The way in which a society exploits its environment to procure food, including acquisition, distribution, and production. []. (Kipfer, 2008)

The model derived from the deceptively simple proposition that culture develops from less to more advanced forms and that technology and subsistence are basic to this development. (Bettinger, 1992:4) [] premise that material economy more particularly subsistence economy is fundamental to cultural progress and determines its evolutionary trajectory. (Bettinger, 1992:4)

Subsistncia (s.f.)

Esta populao teria na pesca a base de sua subsistncia, complementada pela coleta de vegetais e moluscos[...]. (Fossari, 2004:15)

Economia de subsistncia (s.n.)

[...] jazidas extensas com cermica (e, nalguns casos, com estruturas, em particular lareiras) mas em que a no preservao de materiais orgnicos impede a obteno de dados sobre a economia de subsistncia; [...].

29

100. Survey (n.)

The systematic examination of the ground surface in search of archaeological sites. (West Virginia, 2008)

A roughly measured survey of this structure and its outworks was made to scale, which was published by Kroeber in 1944; []. (Kroeber; Collier, 1998:82)

101. Synchronic (n.)

Pertaining to phenomena at one-point in time; a concurrent perspective (compare with diachronic). (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:569)

The synchronic aspect of cultural anthropology includes two general approaches to the study of living cultures. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:23)

102. Technological attributes (np)

Attributes comprised of the raw-material characteristics (constituents) and those resulting from manufacturing methods; leads to technological classifications. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:569)

Technological types may be based on one or both of the major of technological attributes-constituent attributes or manufacturing attributes. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:287)

(Zilho, 1998:30) Levantamento O stio Rio do Meio foi (s.m.) identificado [...] pela equipe do Setor de Arqueologia do MU/UFSC, durante um levantamento e cadastramento dos stios arqueolgicos na rea. (Fossari, 2004:230) Pois o homem mantm no Sincrnico (s.m.) espao referncias e identificaes com o lugar em que habita ou com o lugar que tem por herana em um processo sincrnico. (Costa, 2004:348) [] utilizando-se Atributos de atributos tecnolgicos da tecnolgicos cermica (tratamento de (sn) superfcie, antiplstico, formas das vasilhas) []. (Peixoto, Bezerra, 2004:5)

30

103. Temper (n.)

Foreign material (sand, plant fibers, grit, shell, crushed rock, broken pottery) added to clay for pottery making to improve its firing qualities and prevent a vessel from cracking during the drying process. Temper reduces plasticity, which would cause shrinkage or cracking upon drying and firing []. (Kipfer, 2008) Penetrating excavation used to probe the depth of archaeological sites w ith in a very restricted area. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:569)

The paste is coarse with a Antiplstico great deal of fine sand (s.m.) temper and mica flecks; paste texture is very similar to the small utilitarian pots from Cahuachi []. (Kroeber; Collier, 1998:239)

Considerando que as razes culturais, alm das estritamente materiais, podem ter influenciado na uniformidade de escolha de certos elementos (matria-prima, antiplstico, acabamentos de superfcie, etc). (Noelli apud. Fossari, 2004:36) No setor B foram feitos vrios poos-testes, mas, as evidncias arqueolgicas registraram simplesmente detritos de alimentao e material perturbado,[...]. (Ucha, 2007:13) [] Christian Jurgensen Thomsen, por volta de 1816, individualizou o sistema das trs idades da Pedra, do Bronze e do Ferro. (Melo, 2000:19)

Na L2, tambm pode se dizer tempero (s.m.).

104. Test pit (np)

For this reason, test pits are Poo-teste often the first excavations (sn) placed within a site. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:227)

105.Three age A traditional diachronic model system describing the sequence of (np) technological periods in the Old World, each period characterized by predominant use of stone, bronze or iron tools. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:570) 106. Trade (n.) Transmission of material objects from one society to another; descriptive cultural

Models developed in the Old Sistema das World such as three age trs idades system, have derived (sn) primarily from history. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:66)

Indirect evidence for trade might lie in measures of wealth, power, and prestige

Troca (s.f.)

[] destacando-se a produo de objetos de obsidiana para uso domstico

31

model used in cultural historical accruing to the leaders of the ancient community. interpretation []. (Sharer; (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:123) Ashmore, 1979:570) 107. Trench (n.) A long and narrow penetrating excavation used to reveal the vertical dimension of archaeological data, and to explore the horizontal dimension along one axis. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:570) A class of data denned by a consistent clustering of attributes []. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:570) Ocasionally the location of trench operations may be guided by probabilistic sampling methods. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:229) Trincheira (s.f.)

e troca. (Fossari, 2004:78) "Posteriormente, foi demarcada uma trincheira de 0,75m de largura, partindo da borda da estrutura em direo a um dos ngulos da quadrcula [...]." (Reis, 2007:43) No caso da cermica, por exemplo, seria impossvel distingir mais que um tipo. (Reis, 2007:155)

108. Type (n.)

109. Varves (n.)

Fine layers of alluvium deposited in glacial lakes by retreating ice-sheets; used for age determination, based upon annual cycles of deposition. (Sharer; Ashmore, 1979:570)

Archaeologists often use types to reconstruct ancient human behavior; they do this by correlating hierarchical classification with various levels of behavior. (Sharer;Ashmore, 1979:288) Such is the case with varves, paired layers of outwash deposited in glacial lakes by retreating ice sheets. (Sharer;Ashmore, 1979:368)

Tipo (s.f.)

Varvas (s.f.)

[] pelos vestgios das glaciaes, capas de lodo (varvas) que ficam depositadas no solo anualmente;[...]. (Cascudo, 1973:53)

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INFORMAES GRAMATICAIS L1 n. = noun np = noun phrase

L2 Adj = adjetivo s.f. = substantivo feminino s.m .= substantivo masculino sn = sintagma nominal

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