Fitoterapicos Na Nutrição PDF
Fitoterapicos Na Nutrição PDF
Fitoterapicos Na Nutrição PDF
Lucyanna Kalluf
Nutricionista
Farmacutica e Bioqumica
Mestre em Medicina Interna
www.lucyannakalluf.com.br
CONSIDERANDO:
RESOLVE:
Macerao com gua: contato da droga vegetal com gua temperatura ambiente,
por tempo determinado para cada droga vegetal. Mtodo indicado para drogas
vegetais que possuam substncias que se degradam com o aquecimento;
Extratos: preparaes lquidas, slidas, semi-slidas obtidas pela extrao de drogas vegetasis
frescas ou secas, por meio lquido, seguida por evaporao total ou parcial e ajuste do concentrado
a padro previemente estabelecido.
Tintura: preparao com extrao hidroalcolica a partir da planta seca na proporo de 20%
Alcoolatura: preparao com extrao hidroalcolica a partir da planta fresca na proporo de 50
-Maytenus ilicifolia dry extract protects normal cells, induces apoptosis and regulates Bcl-2 in human cancer cells.
Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2013 Jul 4. [Epub ahead of print] Jnior RF, et al.
-Antiulcerogenic activity of fractions and 3,15-dioxo-21alpha-hydroxy friedelane isolated from Maytenus robusta
(Celastraceae). de Andrade SF, et al. Arch Pharm Res. 2008 Jan;31(1):41-6.
-Evaluation of antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antiulcerogenic activities of Maytenus ilicifolia. Jorge RM, Leite
JP, Oliveira AB, Tagliati CA. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004 Sep;94(1):93-100.
-Antiulcerogenic and analgesic effects of Maytenus aquifolium, Sorocea bomplandii and Zolernia ilicifolia. J
Ethnopharmacol. 2001 Sep;77(1):41-7.
Gonzalez FG, et al.
Indicaes:
- Obstipao intestinal como regularizador
intestinal.
MICROBIOTA INTESTINAL
O desequilbrio da microbiota
intestinal alm de estar
associado a um maior risco de
infeces e desordens do
sistema de defesa, tambm tem
sido relacionada com resistncia
insulina e obesidade.
Distinct composition of gut microbiota during pregnancy in
overweight and normal-weight women. Collado MC, et al. Am J Clin
Nutr. 2008 Oct;88(4):894-9.
Gastroenterology. 2009 Jan;136(1):65-80. Epub 2008 Nov 19.
Microbes in gastrointestinal health and disease. Neish AS.
Insights into the roles of gut microbes in obesity. Sanz Y, et al.
Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis. 2008;2008:829101. Epub 2008 Dec
3.
Dente de leo
(Taraxacum
officinale), razes.
INULINA
Prbioticos
Banana verde
-Separation and quantification of inulin in selected artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) cultivars
and dandelion (Taraxacum officinale WEB. ex WIGG.) roots by high-performance anion
exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. Schtz K, Muks E, Carle R,
Schieber A.Biomed Chromatogr. 2006. Dec;20(12):1295-303.
-Fructofuranosidases from roots of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber). Rutherford PP,
Deacon AC.Biochem J. 1972 Feb;126(3):569-73.
Camomila
(Matricaria chamomilla)
Melhora gases,
distenso abdominal,
clica, digesto lenta
e falta de apetite.
Utilizada para tratar
inflamaes na
mucosa do TGI e atua
como gastroprotetora
ADQUIRIU
POLARIDADE (MAIS
HIDROSSOLVEL)
XENOBITICO
(estvel)
Fase I (CIT-P450)
XENOBITICO
(ativado)
Adio de OH-
Fase 2
(Glutationa Stransferase)
+ GSH
Molcula grande
polar
Bioinativao
MOLCULA
HIDROSSOLVEL
urina
fezes
Kalluf, 2008
Regeneradora de
clulas hepticas
Estimulante do
fluxo biliar
Espasmoltica.
Silimarina
Cardus marianus
Colertica
Colagoga
Anti-hepatotxica
Alcachofra
(Cynara scolymus),
folhas e raiz
Boldo
(Peumus boldus),
folhas
Estimulante da
digesto
Nome
Botnico
Nome
comum
Parte
utilizada
Princpio
ativo
Dosagem
Indicaes
Mentha
piperita
Hortelpimenta
Folha e
sumidade
Mentol
Infuso: 3g da
planta/100ml de
gua, 3x/d
Lippia
citriodora
Erva cidreira
Folha
Neral e
geranial
Infuso: 2 col de ch
de folha/ xc de gua
Antiespamdica, anti-inflamatria,
melhora clica e flatulncia
Zingiber
officinale
Gengibre
Rizoma
Zingibereno,
gingerol e
shagaol
Decoco: 1 col de
ch de raiz triturada/
xic de gua, 4 xc / d
P: 500mg, dose
mxima 4g/d, 1x ao
dia
Pimpinella
anisum
Erva-doce
Fruto
Trans-anetol
Infuso: 0,5-1g de
frutos/xic, depois das
refeies
Kalluf, 2008
Fitoterapia nas
Doenas Crnicas
Excesso de peso
Sedentarismo
Tabagismo
M alimentao
Aumento do
risco de morte
Doenas crnicas:
Sndrome Metablica
Obesidade
Sobrepeso
M alimentao
Doenas
Cardiovasculares
Cncer
Desafio para o nutricionista
ENTENDENDO O PROCESSO
DESEQUILBRIO FUNCIONAL NA OBESIDADE:
UMA DONEA NUTRI-NEURO-IMUNO-ENDCRINO-METABLICA
Disfuno
mitocondrial
Neuroendocrinologia
Inflamao Crnica
do tecido adiposo
Resistncia
Insulnica
Acmulo de Gordura
e
Obesidade
Sono
Estresse &
Cortisol
Intestino
GASTO DE
ENERGIA
CONSUMO
CALRICO
Doenas crnicas:
Obesidade, DM, SM, DCV
CONSEQUNCIAS DA INFLAMAO:
Disfuno endotelial
Mobilizao de gorduras
Hiperglicemia
Resistncia Insulnica
Estresse Oxidativo
CONTROLE DA INFLAMAO
Capsaicina da Pimenta
(Capsicum annum)
Gengibre
(Zingiber officinalis)
Crcuma
(Curcuma longa)
Fitoqumicos anti-inflamatrios
FITOTERPICOS ANTI-INFLAMATRIOS
Ervas medicinais
Nome popular
Princpios
ativos
Mecanismos de ao antiinflamatria
Curcuma longa
Crcuma
Curcumina
Capsicum annum
Pimenta, pprica
e pprica-doce
Capsaina
Capsicum baccatum L.
Pimenta Cambuci e
chapu de frade
Capsaicinide
Curcuma zedoria
Zedoria
Curcuminides,
polissacardeos,
leos essenciais
e curcumenol.
Arnica Montana
Arnica
Lactonas
sesquiterpnicas,
flavonides
e
leo essencial.
Analgsico e antiinflamatrio.
Echinacea purpurea
Equincea
Polissacardeos
e derivados do
cido cafico e
das alquilamidas.
PrImula spp
Prmula
cido
4metoxisaliclico
Inibio da COX-2 .
Kalluf, 2008
FITOTERPICOS ANTI-INFLAMATRIOS
Ervas medicinais
Nome popular
Princpios
ativos
Mecanismos de ao antiinflamatria
Syzygium
aromaticum
Cravo-da-ndia
Eugenol
Inibio da COX-2.
Thymus vulgaris
Tomilho
Timol
Inibio da COX-2.
Boswellia serrata
Boswllia
bosvlia
cido
boswllico
Dodonea viscosa
Vassoura
vermelha
Saponinas
Chrysanthemum
parthenium
Artemigem dos
jardins,
artemsia
romana,
margaridinha,
matricria e
macela da serra
Vrios
compostos
Solidago
chilensis
Arnica brasileira
cido
butanlico
Camellia sinensis
Ch verde
Catequinas
Theobroma
cacao
Cacau
Teobromina
Inibio da COX-2.
Kalluf, 2008
Acmulo de gordura
(principalmente
gordura abdominal)
Relacionada com
dislipidemia, DM e SM
Gao H; et al. Can body fat distribution, adiponectin levels and inflammation explain differences in
insulin resistance between ethnic Chinese, Malays and Asian Indians? Int J Obes (Lond);36(8):1086-93, 2012 Aug.
Shah A; et al. Adipokines and body fat composition in South Asians: results of the Metabolic Syndrome and Atherosclerosis in
South Asians Living in America (MASALA) study. Int J Obes (Lond);36(6):810-6, 2012 Jun.
Moors CC; et al. Impaired insulin sensitivity is accompanied by disturbances in skeletal muscle fatty acid handling in subjects
with impaired glucose metabolism. Int J Obes (Lond);36(5):709-17, 2012 May.
Lafortuna CL; et al. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its components among obese men and women in Italy. Obes
Facts;5(1):127-37, 2012.
CEREAIS INTEGRAIS
Barba G; et al. Glycaemic index and body fat distribution in children: the results
of the ARCA project. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis;22(1):28-34, 2012.
Rubio-Aliaga I; et al. Mechanisms of weight maintenance under high- and lowprotein, low-glycaemic index diets. Mol Nutr Food Res;55(11):1603-12, 2011.
Collinson A; et al. An evaluation of an Internet-based approach to weight loss
with low glycaemic load principles. J Hum Nutr Diet;24(2):192-5, 2011
Batata yacon
(Smallanthus sonchifolius)
Ch verde
(Camellia sinensis)
Effect of the yellow passion fruit peel flour (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa deg.) in insulin sensitivity in type 2
diabetes mellitus patients. Nutr J. 2012 Oct 22;11:89. e Queiroz Mdo S, et al.
Yacon syrup: beneficial effects on obesity and insulin resistance in humans. Genta S, et al. Clin Nutr. 2009
Apr;28(2):182-7
Yacon diet (Smallanthus sonchifolius, Asteraceae) improves hepatic insulin resistance via reducing Trb3
expression in Zucker fa/fa rats. Satoh H, et al. Nutr Diabetes. 2013 May 27;3:e70.
Effect of cocoa and green tea on biomarkers of glucose regulation, oxidative stress, inflammation and hemostasis
in obese adults at risk for insulin resistance. Stote KS, et al. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2012.
Polissacardeo
saponinas
mucilagem, leos
Semente
de Trigonela
volteis,
(Fenugreek)
alcalides (colina
e trigonelina).
Muraki E, et al. Fenugreek with reduced bitterness prevents diet-induced metabolic disorders in rats. Lipids
Health Dis;11:58, 2012.
Ranasinghe P, et al. Efficacy and safety of 'true' cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) as a pharmaceutical
agent in diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabet Med. 2012 Jun 4.
Khatun H, et al. Water-soluble Fraction of Abelmoschus esculentus L Interacts with Glucose and Metformin
Hydrochloride and Alters Their Absorption Kinetics after Coadministration in Rats. ISRN Pharm.
2011;2011:260537. Epub 2011 Sep 11.
Exposio
crnica aos
estressores
ambientais:
dieta, estilo de
vida,
personalidade
Hiperativao
do eixo HHA
hipotlamohipfiseadrenal
Acmulo de gordura
(obesidade central)
Cortisol
RI
Inflamao
Beta-sitosterol
L-Theanine
NEUMANN, K.; MONTAG, A. Quantitative determination of theanine in tea extracts. Deut Leben-Runds; 78: 172-174, 1982.
EKBORG-OTT, K.H.; A. TAYLOR.; ARMSTRONG, D.W. Varietal differences in the total and enantiomeric composition of
theanhe in tea. J Agric Food Chem; 45:353-363, 1997.
WEIHRAUCH, J.L.; GARDNER, J.M. Sterol content of foods of plant origin. J Am Dietetic Assoc; 73,39-47, 1978.
Miodownik C, et al. Serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and cortisol to sulfate of dehydroepiandrosterone molar
ratio associated with clinical response to L-theanine as augmentation of antipsychotic therapy in schizophrenia and
schizoaffective disorder patients. Clin Neuropharmacol. 34(4):155-60, 2011.
BOUIC, P.J.D.; CLARK, A.; LAMPRECHT, J. et al. The effects of b-sitosterol (BSS) and b-sitosterol glycoside (BSSG) mixture
on selected immune parameters of marathon runners: inhibition of post marathon immune suppression and inflammation. Int J
Sports Med; 1999.
Panax ginseng
(Ginseng coreano)
Extrato de maracuj
(Passiflora incarnata)
BLOCK, K.I. Immune System Effects of Echinacea, Ginseng, and Astragalus: A Review. Integ Cancer Ther; 2(3),247267,
2003.
BUCCI, L.R. Selected herbals and human exercise performance. Am J Clin Nutr; 72(suppl):624S36S, 2000.
BUFFI, O. et al. Morphological analysis on the adrenal zona fasciculata of ginseng, ginsenoside Rb1 and ginsenoside Rg1 treated
mice. Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper; 69:791-797, 1993.
LUO, Y.M.; et al. Effects of ginseng root saponins and ginsenoside Rb1 on immunity in cold water swim stress mice and rats.
Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao; 14:401-404, 1993.
SAITO, H.; et al.. Effect of Panax ginseng root on exhaustive exercise in mice. Jpn J Pharmacol; 24:119-127, 1974.
TAKAHASHI, M.; et al. Anti-stress effect of ginseng on the inhibition of the development of morphine tolerance in stressed mice.
Jpn J Pharmacol; 59:399-404, 1992.
CASO MARASCO, A . et al., C. Double-blind study of a multivitamin complex supplemented with ginseng extract. Drugs Exp Clin
Resistina; 22:323-329, 1996.
Aslanargun P, et al. Passiflora incarnata Linneaus as an anxiolytic before spinal anesthesia. J Anesth; 26(1):39-44, 2012.
As clulas
musculares de
pacientes obesos
tem uma
incapacidade nas
enzimas do
processo de
oxidao de
gordura
Capsaicina da Pimenta
(Capsicum annum)
Laranja amarga
(Citrus aurantium)
Ludy et al. The effects of capsaicin and capsiate on energy balance: critical review and metaanalyses of studies in humans. Chem Senses. 2012 Feb;37(2):103-21. Epub 2011 Oct 29.
Saito M, Yoneshiro T. Capsinoids and related food ingredients activating brown fat thermogenesis
and reducing body fat in humans. Curr Opin Lipidol; 24(1):71-7, 2013.
Preuss et al. Citrus aurantium as a thermogenic, weight-reduction replacement for ephedra: an
overview. J Med. 2002;33(1-4):247-64.
Grelina
Neuropeptdeo Y
AgRP
MCH
Sistema endocanabinoide
Vias Anorexgenas
(Diminuem sensao de fome)
Leptina
CART
POMC
CNTF
Insulina
PYY
Serotonina e dopamina
Krause, 2005
Fibras
(Dilatam o estmago e
levam mensagem de
saciedade)
Krause, 2005
L-triptofano
Carboidratos
integrais
Valeriana
(Valeriana officinalis)
Alterao hormonal
Acmulo de
gordura
QUALIDADE DO SONO
Camomila
(Matricaria recutita)
Howatson G, et al. Effect of tart cherry juice (Prunus cerasus) on melatonin levels and
enhanced sleep quality. Eur J Nutr. 2011 Oct 30.
Sarris J, et al. Herbal medicine for depression, anxiety and insomnia: a review of
psychopharmacology and clinical evidence. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol.; 21(12):84160, 2011.
Nome cientfico
Asparagus officinalis
Pragaria magna
Actinidia chinensis
Curcumis sativus
Allium cepa
Lycopersicon esculentum
Anans comosus
Basella alba
Malus domestica
Paucus carota
Allium fistulosum
Brassica oleraceae
Raphamus sativas
Hordeum vulagare
Zinigiber officinale
Brassica campestris
Oryza sativa japnica
Zea mays
Abena sativa
Quantidade (pg/g)
10
12
24
25
32
32
36
39
48
55
86
107
113
378
584
657
1,006
1,366
1,796
REITER, R.J.; TAN, D-X.; MANCHESTER, L.C. et al. Melatonin in edible plants (Phytomelatonin): Identification,
concentrations, bioavailability and proposed functions. World Rev Nutr Diet; 97:211-230, 2007.
Garcinia cambogia
- Direciona o carboidrato para sntese de glicognio,
diminuindo a formao de gordura a partir do carboidrato,
inibe a formao de novas clulas de gordura
Mrquez F, Babio N, Bull M, et al. 2012
Astell KJ, et al. Plant extracts with appetite suppressing properties for body weight control: A systematic review
of double blind randomized controlled clinical trials. Complement Ther Med. Aug;21(4):407-16, 2013.
Astell KJ, et al. A review on botanical species and chemical compounds with appetite suppressing properties
for body weight control. Plant Foods Hum Nutr; 68(3):213-21, 2013.
Mrquez F, et al. Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of hydroxycitric acid or Garcinia cambogia extracts in
humans. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2012;52(7):585-94
Pimentel GD et al. Yerba mate extract (Ilex paraguariensis) attenuates both central and
peripheral inflammatory effects of diet-induced obesity in rats. J Nutr Biochem. 2012.
Lima ND, et al. Ilex paraguariensis (yerba mate) improves endocrine and metabolic
disorders in obese rats primed by early weaning.Eur J Nutr. 2013
Obiro WC, et al. The nutraceutical role of the Phaseolus vulgaris alpha-amylase
inhibitor.Br J Nutr; 100(1):1-12, 2008.
Spadafranca A, et al. Phaseolus vulgaris extract affects glycometabolic and appetite
control in healthy human subjects. Br J Nutr;109(10):1789-95, 2013.
Fitoterapia
&
Hormnios
AUCHUS, RJ. Overview of dehydroepiandrosterone biosynthesis. Semin. Reprod. Med; 22(4):281-8, 2004.
GILEP, A.A.; SUSHKO, T.A.; USANOV, S.A. At the crossroads of steroid hormone biosynthesis: The role, substrate
specificity and evolutionary development of CYP17. Biochim Biophys Acta; 2010
Mulher
Pituitria
anterior
Homem
Pituitria
anterior
Testosterona
Ovrio
Testculos
Testosterona
LABRIE, F. DHEA, important source of sex steroids in men and even more in women.
Prog Brain Res; 182:97-148, 2010.
HALL, D.C. Nutritional Influences on Estrogen Metabolism. Applied Nutritional Science Reports; 451:1, 2001.
KIM, N.D.; MEHTA, R.; YU, W.; et al. Chemopreventive and adjuvant therapeutic potential of pomegranate
(Punica granatum) for human breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat; 71(3): 203-17, 2002.
ADAMS, L.S.; ZHANG, Y.; SEERAM, N.P.; et al. Pomegranate ellagitannin-derived compounds exhibit
antiproliferative and antiaromatase activity in breast cancer cells in vitro. Cancer Prev Res; 3(1):108-13, 2010.
JEONG, H.J.; SHIN, Y.G.; KIM, I.H.; et al. Inhibition of aromatase activity by flavonoids. Arch Pharm Res;
22(3):309-12, 1999.
MONTEIRO, R.; AZEVEDO, I.; CALHAU, C. Modulation of aromatase activity by diet polyphenolic compounds. J
Agric Food Chem; 54(10):3535-40, 2006.
WANG, C.; MKEL, T.; HASE, T.; et al. Lignans and flavonoids inhibit aromatase enzyme in human
preadipocytes. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol; 50(3-4):205-12, 1994.
GAUTHAMAN, K.; GANESAN, A.P. The hormonal effects of Tribulus terrestris and
its role in the management of male erectile dysfunction--an evaluation using
primates, rabbit and rat. Phytomedicine; 15(1-2):44-54, 2008.
MILASIUS, K.; DADELIENE, R.; SKERNEVICIUS, J. The influence of the Tribulus
terrestris extract on the parameters of the functional preparedness and athletes'
organism homeostasis. Fiziol Zh; 55(5):89-96, 2009.
-Tratamento da
hiperplasia prosttica
benigna
- Inibe a atividade da 5redutase, reduzindo a
aromatizao da
testosterona e
melhorando as disfunes
do trato urinrio
decorrente da doena
SUZUKI, M.; ITO, Y.; FUJINO, T.; et al. Pharmacological effects of saw palmetto extract in the lower
urinary tract. Acta Pharmacol Sin; 30(3): 227-81, 2009.
PAIS P. Potency of a novel saw palmetto ethanol extract, SPET-085, for inhibition of 5alphareductase II. Adv Ther; 27(8):555-63, 2010.
Menopausa
Estudos controversos
Black Cohosh
(Cimicifuga racemosa L.)
Dong quai
(Angelica sinensis)
Chasteberry
(Vitex agnus castus)
WUTTKE, W.; SEIDLOV-WUTTKE, D.; GORKOW, C. The Cimicifuga preparation BNO 1055 vs. conjugated estrogens in a doubleblind placebo-controlled study: effects on menopause symptoms and bone markers. Maturitas; 44 Suppl 1:S67-S77, 2003.
NISSLEIN, T.; FREUDENSTEIN, J. Concomitant administration of an isopropanolic extract of black cohosh and tamoxifen in the in vivo
tumor model of implanted RUCA-I rat endometrical adenocarcinoma cells. Toxicol Lett; 150(3):271-275, 2004.
MAHADY, G.B. Is black cohosh estrogenic? Nutr Rev.; 61(pt 1): 183186, 2003.
HIRATA, J.D.; SWIERSZ, L.M.; ZELL, B.; et al. Does dong quai have estrogenic effects in postmenopaual women? A double-blind,
placebo-controlled trial. Fertil Steril; 68:981986m, 1997.
GELLER, S.E.; STUDEE, L. Contemporary alternatives to plant estrogens for menopause. Maturitas; 55 Suppl 1:S3-13, 2006.
ZHOU, Y.; LIU, Y.E.; CAO, J.; et al. Vitexins, nature-derived lignan compounds, induce apoptosis and suppress tumor growth. Clin
Cancer Res; 15(16):5161-9, 2009.
FREEMAN, E.W. Therapeutic management of premenstrual syndrome. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2010, [article in press].
MEIER, B.; BERGER, D.; HOBERG, E.; et al. Pharmacological activities of Vitex agnus-castus extracts in vitro. Phytomedicine;
7(5):373-81, 2000.
Adaptgenos no Esporte
Fitoterapia no Esporte
Fitoterpicos com cafena
Termognicos
Aumento da TMB e oxidao de gorduras
Adaptgenos
Imunidade
Chen CK, Muhamad AS, Ooi FK. Herbs in exercise and sports.J Physiol Anthropol; 8;31:4, 2012.
Cafena no Esporte
Nome Botnico
Nome
comum
Compostos Bioativos
Ao
Toxicidade
Echinacea
purpurea;
Echinacea
angustifolia;
Echinacea pallida
Echinacea
Echinacosdeos,
polissacardeos,
clicoprotenas, aminas, cido
chicrico
Possvel reao
alrgica
Panax ginseng
Ginseng
Ginsenosdeos, leos
essenciais e fitoesterol
Diurtico, reduo da
glicemia e da
coagulao
Tribulus terrestris
Tribulus
Protodioscina (saponina
esteroidal)
Aumento da testosterona,
dehidroepiandrosterona e
LH
Citrus aurantium
Citrus
Sinefrina, hordenina,
octopamina, tiramina e Nmetiltiramina
Aumento TMB
Pinus pinaster
grape seed
Pycnogen
ol
Protoantocianidinas,
catequinas e cido fenolcarbnico
AO, diminuio da
degradao de NO, reduo
de cimbras e dores
Curcuma longa
Curcuma zedoaria
Crcuma
Alcalides, curcumina,
curcuminides, terpenides e
flavonides
Hepatoprotetor, analgsico,
AI, AO e regenerador
muscular
Capsicum annuum
Pimenta
Sesquiterpenides e
carotenides
Atividade citotxica, AO e
termognico
Citotxico e refluxo
gastroesofgico
OBRIGADO!
www.lucyannakalluf.com.br