Tourism

HOSTEUR TM magazine is the only internationally distributed career and self-development magazine for future hospitality and tourism professionals. It aims to prepare students at International CHRIE member schools who are studying for careers in the industry to make the transition to graduate or study-abroad programs, or to professional life with restaurants and foodservice management, hotels and lodging, and travel-related businesses; food & beverage producers; equipment manufacturers; trade and professional associations, and commodity groups.

Özet Bu araştırmada, destinasyon imajı ile destinasyon kişiliği arasındaki ilişkinin ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklem grubu, Antalya'nın Alanya ilçesini 2013 yılı Haziran ile Ağustos ayları arasında ziyaret eden turistlerden oluşmaktadır. Uygulama için veri toplama aracı olarak Aaker'in (1997) geliştirdiği marka kişiliği ölçeği ve destinasyon imajını ölçen anket kullanılmış olup, toplam 395 turistten veri elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen verilerin analizinde yüzde, frekans gibi betimsel analizlerden, faktör analizi (doğrulayıcı ve açıklayıcı), güvenirlik analizi gibi istatistiksel testlerden yararlanılmıştır. Bununla birlikte destinasyon imajı ile destinasyon kişiliği arasındaki ilişki, Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli (YEM) ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, duygusal imaj ile destinasyon kişiliği arasında negatif yönlü ve çok zayıf bir ilişki olduğu, buna karşın bilişsel imaj ile destinasyon kişiliği arasında ise pozitif yönlü ve kuvvetli bir ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte araştırmada, Aaker'in (1997) 5 boyuttan oluşan marka kişiliği ölçeği 4 boyut olarak bulunmuştur. Bu boyutlar; heyecan verici, sert, yeterlilik ve samimiyet olarak belirlenmiştir. Anahtar kelimeler: Destinasyon İmajı, Marka Kişiliği, Destinasyon Kişiliği, Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli, Alanya. Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between destination image and destination personality. The sample group of the study consisted of tourists visiting Alanya district of Antalya province between June and August 2013. A brand personality scale developed by Aaker (1997) and a survey used for grading the destination image were used as tools for collecting data which were obtained from a total of 395 tourists

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors which influence the tipping propensity of customers in a la carte restaurants of hotels. The sample group of the study consists of tourists who were accommodated at 5 star hotels in the center of Antalya province between July and September of 2012. A questionnaire taken from a study carried out by Ineson and Martin (1999) which measured the tipping propensities of restaurant customers was used as a data collection tool for the application and data was obtained from a total of 583 tourists. Descriptive analyses such as arithmetical average and standard deviation and statistical tests such as factor analysis, reliability analysis, t-test and variance analysis were used to analyze the collected data. The study revealed that the most important factors influencing the tipping propensity of the participants dining at a la carte restaurants of 5 star hotels were transactionalisation and product quality. The other results of the study revealed that the element of presentability had a more influential impact on the tipping propensity of individuals with high income levels. Product quality had more impact on the tipping propensity of individuals in young age groups than on the tipping propensities of middle-aged (adult) groups. Value for money has a greater impact on the tipping propensities of Swiss and British customers. In addition, customers in the high level income group are more influenced in their tipping propensities by value for money.

The tourism industry is easily influenced by external events such as global political disputes, diplomatic relations, natural disasters, outbreaks of disease, and economic crisis. This vulnerability negatively affects the economies of underdeveloped countries whose main incomes come from tourism. The purposes of this study were to determine the risk level perceived by the tourists visiting Alanya County, Antalya, during their stay and to determine how their revisit intention is being affected. This study examined the views of 559 tourists visiting Alanya during July 2010 to August 2010. Correlation and regression analyses were applied to evaluate perceived risk levels about Alanya and the effect on revisit intention. As a result of the study, several important risk dimensions were determined and it was shown that some of them were affecting their revisit intention.

The tourism industry is easily influenced by external events such as global political disputes, diplomatic relations, natural disasters, outbreaks of disease, and economic crisis. This vulnerability negatively affects the economies of underdeveloped countries whose main incomes come from tourism. The purposes of this study were to determine the risk level perceived by the tourists visiting Alanya County, Antalya, during their stay and to determine how their revisit intention is being affected. This study examined the views of 559 tourists visiting Alanya during July 2010 to August 2010. Correlation and regression analyses were applied to evaluate perceived risk levels about Alanya
and the effect on revisit intention. As a result of the study, several important risk dimensions were determined and it was shown that some of them were affecting their revisit intention.

The aim of this study was to examine the impact the destination image of Alanya district which is a district of Antalya, one of the main tourism centers in Turkey had on establishing destination loyalty. The sampling group of the study consists of tourists who visited Alanya district of Antalya between the months of June and August in 2012. A survey containing scales pertaining to destination image and destination loyalty was used as a data collection tool for the application and the collected data were analyzed by benefiting from statistical techniques such as factor analysis, reliability analysis, arithmetical average, standard deviation, Pearson correlation analysis and regression analysis. The study concluded that there was a positive and strong affiliation between the destination image which was reported as positive in general by the participants and destination loyalty and that cognitive image had a greater impact on establishing destination loyalty than affective image.

The objective of this study was to determine the e-service quality dimensions of web sites offering touristic services over the internet to domestic tourists and to measure the affiliation of these dimensions with the quality of e-service as well as the affiliation of the perceived value with the e-service quality. The study population consisted of the academic and administrative staff of Mersin University. E-core service quality (E-S-QUAL) and e-recovery service quality (E-RecS-QUAL) scales and a survey measuring perceived value were used as tools to collect data for the application and data was obtained from 360 recipients in total. Percentage, descriptive analysis such frequency were used to analyze the obtained data as well as explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA,CFA), statistical tests such as reliability analysis. Furthermore the affiliation between e-service quality and perceived value was analyzed with structural equation modeling (SEM). At the end of the study it was determined that there was a positive and strong affiliation between e-service quality and perceived value. In addition the E-S-QUAL and E-RecS-QUAL scales of Parasuraman, Zeithaml & Malhotra, (2005) consisting of 7 dimensions were found to be 6 in this study. These dimensions are efficiency, system availability, fulfillment, privacy (E-S-QUAL), responsiveness-compensation and contact (E-RecS-QUAL).

The objective of this study is to determine the e-satisfaction of local tourists in terms of on-line tourism and manifest its impact on overall satisfaction and furthermore, to establish the affiliation between satisfaction, trust and loyalty. The study population is comprised of local tourists accommodated in hotels who have purchased holidays in Antalya over the internet. A survey measuring e-satisfaction, trust and loyalty has been used as a data collection tool and data has been obtained from 348 participants in total. Descriptive analyses such as percentage, frequency were used to analyze the obtained data and statistical tests such as Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and reliability analysis were applied. Furthermore, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the association of e-satisfaction, trust and loyalty. The study results reveal that there is a positive association between e-satisfaction with trust and loyalty while trust and loyalty have a strong and positive association. In addition the e-satisfaction scales developed by Szymanski and Hise (2000), Mohamed and Moradi (2011) and Chung and Shin (2008) were ascertained in 6 dimensions. These dimensions are convenience, site design, service quality, security, product selection and informativeness to total 6 dimensions.

Nowadays, agrotourism, adventure tourism, rural tourism or dark tourism can be considered as alternatives to mass tourism. These alternative tourism formations release mass tourism from negative effects on environment and culture and create new destinations by supporting new tourism models. In this research the aim is to
determine Turkey‘s dark tourism potential and to constitute its sub categories. Dark tourism serves sensual and educational purposes by keeping messages of past. These destinations and environments may have connotations about revenge, sympathy, emphaty, depression, sorrow, fear, and hate on visitors. The research method is the
secondary data. Furthermore, the interviews have been made with ten academic history teachers. Semi-structured interviews are carried out with each participant. The findings have been classified under seven categories served by Stone(2006). By the results of the research is has been uncovered that Turkey has a very rich dark tourism potential. Turkey has Çanakkale and SarıkamıĢ battle fields in battle field category, Yedikule and Sinop Dungeons in Dungeon category, The Ottoman Tombs in tombs category, the Barbarian Museum in Cyprus in dark exhibition category as important findings of the research.

Günümüzde tarım turizmi, macera turizmi, kırsal turizm veya karanlık turizm gibi alternatif turizm oluĢumları,
kitlesel turizme bir baĢka alternatif olarak görülmektedir. Bu alternatif turizm oluĢumları kitlesel turizmin
fiziksel ve kültürel çevreye yarattığı olumsuz etkilerden kurtararak yeni turizm çekim yerleri oluĢturmakta ve
daha sürdürülebilir bir turizm modeli oluĢturulmasına destek olmaktadır. AraĢtırmada Türkiye‘nin tarihe sahne
olmuĢ karanlık turizm potansiyelini belirlemek ve karanlık (dark) turizm bağlamında alt kategorilere ayırmak
amaçlanmaktadır. Karanlık (dark) turizm geçmiĢ olaylar hakkında bilgi edinmek ile ilgili önemli mesajlar
taĢıyarak hem eğitim amaçlı hem de duygusal mesajlar sunmaktadır. Böyle çekim yerleri ve sahalar bazen
ziyaretçiler üzerinde intikam hisleri, sempati, empati, depresyon, üzüntü, korku ve nefret gibi olumsuz
duygularda çağrıĢtırabilmektedirler. AraĢtırma yöntemi olarak ikincil verilerden yararlanılmıĢtır. Ayrıca tarih
branĢından on kiĢi ile yarı yapılandırılmıĢ yüz yüze görüĢme tekniği uygulanmıĢtır. Elde edilen bulgular Stone
(2006)‘un belirlediği yedi temel kategori altında sınıflandırılmıĢtır. AraĢtırma sonuçlarında Türkiye‘nin kitlesel
turizme alternatif olarak Anadolu‘da oldukça zengin bir karanlık turizm potansiyel bulunduğu tespit edilmiĢtir.
Özellikle savaĢ alanları kategorisinde Çanakkale ve SarıkamıĢ savaĢ alanları, zindanlar kategorisinde Yedikule
zindanları ve Sinop ve Ulucanlar Cezaevleri, türbeler kategorisinde Osmanlı dönemi türbeleri, karanlık sergiler
kategorisinde Kıbrıs‘da bulunan Barbarlık müzesi, araĢtırmanın önemli bulguları arasında yer almaktadır.

Aim: The aim of the research is to contribute the sustainability of local culture and cuisine of Gaziantep and constitute an awareness on writings by taking special Gaziantep meals cooked during bayrams.
Method: Among qualitative research techniques unstructured interview technique was used in the research.
Findings: The participants were asked three questions. According to the answers people feel the excitement on not only the first day of the bayrams but also many days before.
That is because the meals (yuvalama, kahke, sütlü, zerde etc.) need a long and difficult cooking process.
Results and Suggestions: It is designated by the information taken from sources that Gaziantep people have an important food culture of feasts. The research results will be a written source by means of the sustainability of the abstract culture in Gaziantep.
Limitation: The research has been limited within religious feasts of Gaziantep and Gaziantep citizens above 40 yeras old.
Social Impacts: The research will contribute the sustainability of Gaziantep cuisine by putting forward the local culture in international tourism.
Originality: The research will be a source for discovering different local cultures in Anatolia. Furthermore it will contribute searching for the other abstract cultural inheritance.