By Monika Mittal Richa Chaudhry Isha Kaushik Nitin Batra Nikhil Pahwa

GEOGRAPHICAL structure ECONOMICAL structure TECHNOLOGICAL structure POLITICAL structure SOCIAL structure

PROVINCES OF CANADA
World's second-largest country by area. There are ten provinces and three territories. The major difference between a Canadian province and a territory is that provinces are jurisdictions that receive their power and authority directly from the Constitution Act, 1867, whereas territories derive their powers from the federal government. CANADA IS DIVIDED INTO 10 PROVINCES: The ten provinces are Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, and Saskatchewan. The three territories are Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and Yukon.

A MAP OF CANADA EXHIBITING ITS TEN PROVINCES AND THREE TERRITORIES, AND THEIR CAPITALS

Canada is a country situated in northern part of North America. Covering a total area of 3,854,085 square miles. Its bounded by the United States in the south and north west (Alaska). Canada is the second-largest country in the world. It extends from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and the Arctic Ocean. According to the 2011 estimate, Canada has a population of 34,672,000.

Ottawa is the national capital of Canada. It is located on the south bank of the Ottawa River, with a population of 812,129.

Appalachian Mountains, Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Lowlands are some of the geographical features of the country. Dawson City, Cape parry, Bemard Harbour, Bathurst Ilet, Cambridge Bay, Fort Collison, etc are some important locations of the country.

Located in Southern Ontario, Toronto is the largest city in Canada. It has an estimated population of 2,503,281. The other major cities of Canada are: Edmonton Grande Prairie St. Albert Wetaskiwin Brampton Kingston Peterborough Ottawa Windsor Waterloo

TOURIST ATTRACTIONS IN CANADA

Butchart Gardens in Victoria and Vancouver's Stanley Park have marvelous displays of flowers and greenery. Vancouver also boasts of cultural sites and buildings that display architectural marvel. Qu'Appelle, with its innumerous freshwater lakes and a plethora of recreational opportunities like sport fishing and wilderness canoeing, is also a famous name among tourists. Alberta is a province that offers you glimpses of Western country life, along with the revelry of cultural festivals. jasper and Banff are renowned for famous festivals, as also for their natural scenery. Big Valley Jamboree, Dream speakers Festival and Edmonton's Heritage Festival are the famous cultural festivals of this province.

Home to one of the greatest natural wonders on Earth the Niagara Falls - Ontario also tops the list of regions that have managed to keep wilderness untouched.

While Algonquin Provincial Park and Pukaskwa National Park are famous for natural scenery, Ottawa is renowned for its historic buildings and political import.

CANADIAN FLAG
The current Canadian Flag was adopted officially in the year 1965. The red and white colors on the Canada flagpicture depict the national colors of Canada. The maple leaf at its heart is 11-pointed and represents the national tree of Canada. The presence of this leaf has also given another name to the Canada National Flag which is the "Maple Leaf". Flag Ratio: 1:2 National Anthem: O Canada (1980).

Economic structure
Canada is one of the richest countries in the world with a very high percapita income. In 2011, the gross domestic product (nominal) of the country was $1.758 trillion, while the per capita stood at $51,147 The country has rich offshore reserves of natural gas, and is one the largest net exporters of energy.

The country leads the world in the production of zinc and uranium, and is a leading exporter of gold, nickel, aluminum, and lead. Manufacturing, automobiles, aeronautics, aquaculture, and transportation equipments are the major industries.
The principal trading partners of Canada include the United States, United Kingdom, Mexico, and China.

 CHIEF EXPORTS: Motor vehicles and parts, newsprint, wood pulp, timber, crude petroleum, machinery, natural gas, aluminum, telecommunications equipment, electricity. CHIEF IMPORTS: Machinery and equipment, crude oil, chemicals, motor vehicles and parts, durable consumer goods, electricity. GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT: US$722.3 billion (purchasing power parity, 1999 est.).

OFFICIAL CURRENCY OF CANADA

The Canadian dollar denoted by the ISO 4217 code CAD is the official currency of Canada. There are coins of 1, 5, 10, and 25 cents as well as 1 and 2 dollar coins. Paper currency comes in denominations of $1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100. The Canadian dollar is the world's seventh-most traded currency. It is divided into 100 cents and is issued by the central bank of the country, Bank of Canada.

THE EPASSPORT-THE LATEST TECHNOLOGY

Passport Canada is preparing to begin issuing all new passports as electronic passports, or ePassports. Issuance of ePassports will begin before the end of 2012. This higher-security passport will have an electronic chip embedded in the book. The chip is an extra security feature that will enhance the Canadian passports current security features, which include holographic images and a hidden photo of the bearer that can only be viewed under ultraviolet light.

GOVERNMENT
The Government of Canada, is the system whereby the federation of Canada is administered by a common authority (means either the collective set of institutions or specifically the Queen-in-Council). There is federation of ten provinces and three territories in Canada. Canada is governed by its own House of Commons, considered a constitutional monarchy. The governor-general is officially the representative of Queen Elizabeth II. The governor-general acts only on the advice of the Canadian prime minister.

Federal Elections
The national day of Canada is celebrated every year on July 1st. It is celebrated to commemorate the anniversary of the enactment of the British North America Act, 1867; it is now called the Constitution Act, 1867. The celebrations take place in the national capital, Ottawa, where large concerts and cultural events are held on the Parliament Hill.

Major Political Parties In Canada

Conservative Party Liberal Party New Democratic Party Bloc Quebecois Green Party

Party Leaders
Stephen Harper Micheal Ignatieff

Jack Layton Gilles Duceppe

Elizabeth May

NATIONAL DAY OF CANADA

The national day of Canada is celebrated every year on July 1st. It is celebrated to commemorate the anniversary of the enactment of the British North America Act, 1867; it is now called the Constitution Act, 1867. The celebrations take place in the national capital, Ottawa, where large concerts and cultural events are held on the Parliament Hill.

Culture
Canada's culture draws influences from its broad range of constituent nationalities, and policies that promote multiculturalism are constitutionally protected. Canada is in theory a cultural mosaic a collection of several regional, aboriginal, and ethnic subcultures.

Government policies such as publicly-funded health care, higher taxation to distribute wealth, outlawing capital punishment, strong efforts to eliminate poverty, an emphasis on multiculturalism, stricter gun control, and legalization of same-sex marriage are social indicators of Canada's political and cultural values.

 Canada has been influenced by British, French, and aboriginal cultures and traditions. Through their language, art and music, aboriginal peoples continue to influence the Canadian identity. Canadian visual art has been dominated by figures such as Tom Thomson the country's most famous painter and by the Group of Seven.

 The Canadian music industry has produced internationally renowned composers, musicians and ensembles.
Music broadcasting in the country is regulated by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC).

The Canadian Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences presents Canada's music industry awards, the Juno Awards, which were first awarded in 1970.

RELIGIOUS PRACTICE IN CANADA

Canada is a multi-religious society: the government is secular, running independently of any religious institution, and follows an official policy of religious tolerance. Many colleges and universities in Canada allow students of different faiths to take days off to observe religious holidays and celebrations

Sports in Canada
Canada's official national sports are ice hockey and lacrosse. Ice hockey, referred to as simply "hockey", is Canada's most prevalent winter sport, its most popular spectator sport, and its most successful sport in international competition. It is Canada's official national winter sport.

 Canadian football is Canada's second most popular spectator sport, and the Canadian Football League s annual championship, the Grey Cup, is the country's largest annual sports event. Other popular team sports include curling, street hockey, cricket, rugby and softball.

 As a country with a generally cool climate, Canada has enjoyed greater success at the Winter Olympics than at the Summer Olympics, although significant regional variations in climate allow for a wide variety of both team and individual sports. Major multisport events in Canada include the 2010 Winter Olympics.

Languages in Canada
English and French are the mother tongues of 58.8% and 23.2% of Canadians.