KIEN GIANG UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF LANGUAGE

Welcome to the presentation

Group 4: Topics
CANADA’S CULTURE
Group members: Instructors:
1. Nguyen Thanh Thuy Mrs Tran Nhu Quynh

2. Vu Thi Yen
3. Tran Thi Soi
4. Nguyen Thi Phuong
5. Tran Huynh Le
 CONTENT

1. Canada’s Geography

3. Canada’s Political
2. Canada’s History
system

4. Canada’s Education 5. Canada’s Culture

 OVERVIEW OF CANADA

- Canada is the second largest country in the world after the

Russian Federation
- The capital of Canada is Ottawa.
- Canada has two national languages-English and French
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 1.1 Geographical location

1.3 Capital and City

1.4 Climate and

1. Canada’s
temperature

Geography

1.2 Population and

population distribution
 1.1 Geographical location

- The flag of Canada with two colours red and white.

- The white background represents the country's territory and the
maple leaf in the middle symbolizes the Canadian people. Next to
it are 2 red rectangles on both sides, symbolizes the Pacific and
Atlantic Oceans.
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 1.1 Geographical location

- Canada is the second largest country (acreage: 9,984,670km2)

in the world.

- Canada is bordering with 3 Ocean: the Arctic Ocean to the

north; the Atlantic Ocean in the east, the Pacific Ocean in the
west and to the south, bordering the United States by the longest
undefended border in the world (8.891 km).

=> That's why Canada has the longest coastline in the world

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1.1 Geographical location

- In longitude Canada extends from

approximately 52° to 141° W, a
distance that spans six time zones.

- In latitude it extends from

approximately 42° to 83° N.

- Canada has two official languages:

English and French.

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 1.2 Population and population
distribution

- The current population of Canada is over 39 million (United

Nations, 2024).

- Demographics of Canada; Canadian White (69.8%), South

Asian (7.1%), Indigenous (5%), Chinese (4.7%), Black
(4.3%), Filipino (2.6%), Arab (1.9%), Latin American ...

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 1.2 Population and population
distribution

- Canada is one of the most sparsely populated countries in the

world, ranking 31st in terms of population, Canada's population
density is 3.3 people/km2.

- Much of the northern lands are uninhabited.

- The most populous part of the country is the Quebec City-

Windsor corridor, located in Southern Quebec and Southern
Ontario along the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence.

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 1.2 Population and population
distribution

It could be for the following reasons:

- In the North of Canada, the climate is cold, with many places
freezing.

- In the West, there are very dangerous mountains of the Cooc-di-

e mountain system. Due to the influence of terrain, the plateaus
and basins in the region have very little rainfall, making
agricultural production difficult.

=> In these two areas, the population is sparse.

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 1.3 Capital and City

Winterlude Festival in Ottawa city

- Ottawa is the capital of Canada. The city of Ottawa is the second

largest city after Toronto in Canada.
- It stands on the south bank of the Ottawa River in the eastern
portion of southern Ontario.
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 1.3 Capital and City

- Ottawa borders Gatineau, Quebec, and Dubbed the "emerald

necklace”.
- Canada consists of 10 provinces and 3 territories

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 1.4 Climate and temperature

- The northern part of Canada is extremely cold, with summer

lasting less than two months.

- The southern part of Canada (the southern Ontario, Quebec, the

Atlantic provinces and parts of British Columbia) generally has a
temperate climate with marked seasonal variations.

- The weather in Canada is 25°C to 30°C in summer and it is very

harsh in winter. The temperature sometimes drops to -40°C.

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 2. CANADA’S HISTORY
2.1 Prehistory to early European contact
- North America's first humans migrated from Asia,
presumably over a now-submerged land bridge from
Siberia to Alaska sometime about 12,000 years ago.

- No written records detailing the history of Canada's

Indigenous societies prior to the first contact with
Europeans but there were 12 major language groups
among the peoples: Algonquian, Iroquoian, Siouan,
Athabascan, Kootenaian, Salishan, Wakashan,
Tsimshian, Haidan, Tlinglit, Inuktitut, and Beothukan
 2.2 European contact and early
exploration
- The end of the 10th century the Norse reached
Greenland and ventured to the coast of North
America. At L'Anse aux Meadows on the northern
tip ofNewfoundland are the remains of three Norse
settlements.
- 1497, Italian navigator Giovanni Caboto landed on
the shores of Newfoundland.
- The Europeans exposed many natives to
devastating diseases, such as smallpox
 2.2 European contact and early
exploration
- French interest in the New World and its wealth of
natural resources began in the 16th century, and
explorer Jacques Cartier made his first voyage to the
Atlantic provinces in 1534.
- Samuel de Champlain built the first permanent
settlement at what is now Quebec City in 1608.
2.3 Series of major events
- 9000 BC: Aboriginal Peoples are living at least as far
south as the Eramosa River near what is now Guelph,
Ontario
- AD 986: Thorfinn Karlsefni starts a trading colony in
Labrador, but it is abandoned two years later
- 1497: The first voyage to North America by Giovanni
Caboto
-
 2.3 Series of major events (cont)
- 1808: Samuel de Champlain founds Quebec City,
creating the first permanent European settlement in
Canada
- 1610 Henry Hudson explores Hudson Bay
- 1774: The Quebec Act grants French colonists rights to
their own language and religion
2.3 Series of major events (cont)
- 1841: An Act of Union unites Upper and Lower Canada
as the Province of Canada
- 1855: Queen Victoria designates Ottawa as capital of the
Province of Canada
- 1870: The Province of Manitoba is created following the
Red River Rebellion
- 1897: Steamers from Alaska carry word of the strike to
San Francisco and Seattle, setting off a frenzied gold
rush
- 1900: Quebecois inventor Reginald Aubrey Fessenden
sends the first wireless radio transmission
2.3 Series of major events (cont)
- 1931: The Statute of Westminster grants Canada full
legislative authority
- 1945: Canada joins the UN after World War II ends
- 1965: Canada’s new flag is inaugurated after a bitter
political debate
- 1980: Quebec votes against separation in the Quebec
Referendum
- 1999: The Inuit territory of Nunavut established
- 2005: Same-sex marriage is legalized in Canada
- 2018: Canada legalizes cannabis for recreational
purposes
 3. Canada's political system

3.2
3.1 Provincial 3.5
3.4
Canadian government 3.3 Justice Security
Political
political and Local and
process
institutions government Defense
 3.1 Canadian political institutions

- Canada is a constitutional monarchy.

- The Queen or King of Canada is the head of state
- The Prime Minister is the head of the government
- The Governor General is the representative of the
Queen or King and is appointed by the Queen or King
 3.1 Canadian political institutions

Charles III Mary Simon Justin Trudeau

The King of The Governor The Prime
Canada General Minister
 s 3.1 Canadian political institutions

- The Canadian Parliament consists of

two Houses: the Senate and the House
of Commons.
 3.1 Canadian political institutions

- The House of Commons consists of 308 House

Members, elected by voters from 308
constituencies.

- The Senate consists of 105 Senators, nominated

by the Prime Minister and appointed by the
Governor General of Canada without election.
 3.1 Canadian political institutions

- The House of Commons is considered the People's

Parliament, because Members of Parliament are elected by
the people to solve the country's problems.

- The current House of Commons belongs to three political

parties.
 3.2 Provincial government and Local
government

Provincial government: The provinces have

powers embracing mainly matters of local or
private concern such as property and civil rights,
education, civil law, provincial company charters,
municipal government, hospitals, licenses,
management and sale of public lands, and direct
taxation within the province for provincial
purposes.
 3.2 Provincial
government and Local
government

Local government: the legislature of each

province has divided its territory into
geographic areas known generally as
municipalities and, more particularly, as
counties, cities, towns, villages, townships,
rural municipalities, or municipal districts.
- Aboriginal self-government became an
increasingly important issue during the last
two decades of the 20th century.
 3.3 Justice

- Executive branch: vested in the Royal Family and carried out

on the advice of the Privy Council chaired by the prime minister
Privy Council – composed mostly of former ministers, chief
justices and other elder statesmen.
- Legislative branch: The Canadian Parliament is the federal
legislature
- Judicial branch: The Royal Family is responsible for
implementing justice; The Supreme Court of Canada has 9
judges appointed by the president on the recommendation of the
prime minister and led by the chief justice of Canada.
 3.4 Political process

Suffrage and elections:

- The House of Representatives has 308 members. The House of
Representatives selects the Prime minister.
-The prime minister may dissolve the House of Commons and
call new elections at any time within the five-year period.
- The Senate consists has 105 members. They are appointed on a
provincial basis by the governor-general on the advice of the
prime minister
- All Canadian citizens at least 18 years of age are eligible to
vote.
 3.4 Political process

Political parties:
- Canada has 3 political parties: the Progressive
Conservatives, the Liberals and the New
Democratic Party (NDP). However there are 2
two major political parties: the Progressive
Conservatives and the Liberals.
 3.5 Security and Defense

Police: The police forces of Canada are organized

into three groups: the federal force, called the
Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP);
provincial police; and municipal police.
 3.5 Security and Defense

Defense: Canada’s defense spending is

lower per capita than that of most of its
allies.
The Canadian military maintains separate
army, navy, and air force divisions within
a unified command structure.
4. EDUCATION

CANADA’S
EDUCATION

Education system Education policy

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4.1 Education system
Organizing and administering public education are
provincial responsibilities.
Each province has its own Education Act.
Each province has a department of education headed by a
minister who is a member of the provincial cabinet.
Provinces and territories are responsible for delivering
education, so the details sabout the way it is managed can
vary across the country.
In Canada, school is mandatory for children between the
ages of about 6 and 18.
Education in both English and French is available in most
places across Canada.
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4.1 Education system

Image 4.1:There are mainly four levels of education in Canada

https://careerpaths.com.bd/education-system-in-canada/ 36
4.1 Education system
Traditionally, higher education was the preserve of
universities.
Now, they are supplemented by various institutions without
degree-granting status
Post – secondary education system in Canada includes:
- Universities
- Community colleges
- University colleges
- And other private institutions.

3
 4.1 Education system
University of Toronto University of Mc Gill

University of British Columbia University of Queen’s

Image 4.2: Famous universities in Canada 3

4.2 Education policy
Education policies vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.
Each province has a department of education headed by a
minister who is a member of the provincial cabinet.
At the elementary and secondary level, public education is
free to all Canadians who meet the relevant age and residence
requirements
Canada has a large number of universities, almost all of
which are publicly funded.

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4.2 Education policy
Those governments provide the majority of funding to
their public post-secondary institutions, with the remainder
of funding coming from tuition fees, the federal government,
and research grants.
Beside the federal government finances vocational training
of adults and provides financial support to the provinces for
the operating costs of postsecondary education.

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5. Canada’s Culture
 5.1.
Social
Custom
s

5.
Cultur
e
5.2. 5.3.
Festival Language
s s
5.1 Social Customs
- Canada is so diverse historically and ethnically,
there is no single national culture.
- Canada's aboriginal peoples also maintain their
own distinctive cultures, particularly in the North,
and immigrants
- British, French and American influences are
strongly felt in Canadian daily life in English-
speaking portions of the country.
 5.1.1. Canada's symbol

Maple leaves symbolize

strength, culture, long
history of this country
 5.1.2. Arts
Most of the best arts and crafts
exhibit unique characteristics
that identify the region in which
they were made.
Visual arts
There are thousands of Micmac bark box embroidered with
porcupine quills, northeastern Canada;
architectural works, galleries, in the Denver Art Museum, Colorado,
U.S.

museums and art academies.

Canada is also one of the
countries with a highly
developed film, music and
contemporary art industry in the The performing arts
Festival Theatre in Stratford, Ontario, Canada.
world.
 5.1.3. Diverse and rich cuisine

Canada is a country of
immigrants, and has
traditions and policies
that encourage cultural
diversity. Therefore,
most ethnically specific
foods are present in
Canadian culture.
5.1.4. Traditional costume

 For Men: fur hats,

leather or fringed
clothes Canadian men's Native American costumes
 For Women: shirts,
skirts, leggings... with
elaborate, detailed
patterns, jewelry and
accessories
Canadian women's costumes

www.themegallery.com
 5.2. Festivals
5.2.1. Canada Day (July 1)
which commemorates the
formation of the country in
1867. As a federal statutory
holiday, it commemorates the
founding of Canadian
Confederation

www.themegallery.com
5.2.1. Canada Day
 It is celebrated with
parades, displays of the
flag, the singing of the
national anthem, “O
Canada,” and fireworks.
When July 1 falls on a
Sunday, the holiday is
observed on the following
day.

www.themegallery.com
 5.2.2. ThanksGiving Day
The original meaning of Thanksgiving was
to celebrate the good harvest and thank
God for a prosperous and peaceful life.
This is also an official holiday, for all
statutory workers in the US and Canada.

🔸When: Monday of the 2nd week in

October, vacation time is 3 days (Long
weekend)

🔸 Today Thanksgiving is a family holiday.

It is the time when everyone meets each
other and eats together.
5.2.3. Other Festivals

Canada Heritage
 Held in August every year and lasts for 3 days
 Celebration of
Light

Held on July 25 every year and lasts 4 days

5.3. Languages
English and French are the
two main official languages.
The two most commonly
spoken languages in Canada
are English and French.
=> Nearly 60% use English as
their mother tongue. French is
spoken by 22% of the
population.
SUMMERIZE
 History
• Regime:
• The constitutional
second • A country with a monarchy.
largest country rich history • 10 provinces and 3
in the world by spanning territories.
area, with a thousands of • The capital is
diverse climate years and going Ottawa, Ontario.
through many Political
Geography different periods. system
 Culture
• The only country
• A multicultural country with
without a ministry of diverse and unique cuisine.
education to manage • Official languages include
the education system English and French
across the federation. • Symbol of the country of
red maple leaves. There are
typical dishes.
• The art is a blend of
Education European art and
indigenous culture of the
system North American continent
For your watching and listening!