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    introWirelessTech

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    introWirelessTech

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    introWirelessTech

    Uploaded by

    shahzaibch70007

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Wireless and mobile Communication

    Background of Wireless Communication

    Wireless Communication Technology

    Wireless Communication Systems


    Overview
     Communication Systems
     Wireless Communications
     Current Wireless Systems
     Wireless LANs
     Paging Systems
     Cellular systems
     Satellite Systems
     Bluetooth
     Design challenges
    Communication Systems
     Provide electronic exchange of multimedia Data, Voice,
    Video, Music, Email, Web pages, etc.
     Communication Systems of today are used for Radio, TV
    broadcasting, Data and Public Switched Telephone
    Network (voice, fax, modem)
     Cellular Phones
     Computer networks (LANs, WANs, and the Internet)
     Satellite systems (pagers, voice/data, movie broadcasts)
     Bluetooth (Cable replacement)
    Block diagram of a Communication Systems

    Carrier
    Transmitted Received
    signal signal
    Transmitter Channel Receiver

    Information to
    be transmitted Recovery of
    information
    (Baseband signal)
    Wireless Communications

     Multimedia wireless Communications at any


    Time and Anywhere
     Brief history
     Ancient Systems: Smoke Signals, Carrier Pigeons
     Radio invented in the 1880s by Marconi
     Many sophisticated military radio systems were developed
    during and after WW2
     Cellular has enjoyed exponential growth since 1988, with
    more than 2 billion users worldwide today
     Ignited the recent wireless revolution, 1980-2003
    Current Wireless Systems
     Cellular systems
     Wireless LANs
     Satellite Systems
     Paging Systems
     Bluetooth
     Ultra Wide Band Systems
    Cellular Systems: Reuse channels to maximize
    capacity

     Geographic region divided into cells


     Frequencies/timeslots/codes reused at spatially-separated
    locations.
     Co-channel interference between same color cells.
     Base stations/MTSOs coordinate handoff and control functions
     Shrinking cell size increases capacity, as well as networking burden

    BASE
    STATION

    MTS
    O
    Type of Cells
    Global
    Satellite

    Suburban Urban
    In-Building

    Picocell
    Microcell
    Macrocell

    Basic Terminal
    PDA Terminal
    Audio/Visual Terminal
    Type of Cells
     Cell radii can be vary from 10’s of meters in
    buildings to 100’s of meters in the cities, up to
    several km’s in the countryside.
     Macrocells, provide overall area coverage
     Microcells, focus on slow moving subscribers
    moving between buildings.
     Picocells, focus on the halls of a theater, or
    exhibition centre.
    Cellular Phone Networks
    Taxila

    BS
    BS

    Internet
    Lahore
    MTSO MTSO
    PSTN

    BS
    The Wireless Revolution
    Cellular is the fastest growing sector of communication
    industry (exponential growth since 1982, with over 2 billion users
    worldwide today)

     Three generations of wireless

     First Generation (1G): Analog 25 or 30 KHz FM, voice only, mostly


    vehicular communication
     Second Generation (2G): Narrowband TDMA and CDMA, voice and
    low bit-rate data, portable units.
    2.5G increased data transmission capabilities
     Third Generation (3G): Wideband TDMA and CDMA, voice and high
    bit-rate data, portable units
    Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs)

    01011011 0101 1011

    Access
    Point

     WLANs connect “local” computers (100m


    range)
     Breaks data into packets
     Channel access is shared (random access)
     Backbone Internet provides best-effort
    service
    Wireless LAN Standards
     802.11b (Current Generation)
     Standard for 2.4GHz ISM band (80 MHz)
     Frequency hopped spread spectrum
     1.6-10 Mbps, 500 ft range

    Since 2008,
     802.11a (Emerging Generation) all WLAN
     Standard for 5GHz NII band (300 MHz) Cards have
     OFDM with time division
     20-70 Mbps, variable range
    all 3
     Similar to HiperLAN in Europe standards
     802.11g (New Standard)
     Standard in 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands
     OFDM
     Speeds up to 54 Mbps
    Satellite Systems
     Cover very large areas
     Different orbit heights
     GEOs (39000 Km)
     LEOs (2000 Km)

     Optimized for one-way transmission


     Radio (XM, DAB) and movie (SatTV)
    broadcasting
     Most two-way systems struggling or
    bankrupt
     Expensive alternative to terrestrial
    system
     A few ambitious systems on the
    horizon
    Paging Systems
     Broad coverage for short messaging
     Message broadcast from all base stations
     Simple terminals
     Optimized for 1-way transmission
     Answer-back hard
     Overtaken by cellular
    Bluetooth
     Cable replacement RF technology (low cost)
     Short range (10m, extendable to 100m)
     2.4 GHz band (crowded)
     1 Data (700 Kbps) and 3 voice channels

     Widely supported by telecommunications, PC, and


    consumer electronics companies
     Few applications beyond cable replacement
    Wireless Comm. Design Challenges
     Hardware Design
     Precise components
     Small, lightweight, low power
     Cheap
     High frequency operations
     System Design
     Converting and transferring information
     High data rates
     Robust to noise and interference
     Supports many users
     Network Design
     Connectivity and high speed
     Energy and delay constrains
    Evolution towards to 3G
    The growth of number of mobile subscribers

    M.A. Uusitalo, “ The Wireless World Research Forum - Global Vision of Wireless World,” IWCT2005, Oulu, Finland, June 2005.

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