raghu engineering college

(AUTONOMOUS)
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

PRESENTATION ON
BSNL INTERNSHIP
BY
A. KOWSALYA 17981A0412
K. RAVI TEJA 17981A0499
P.KRISHNA VIKAS 17981A04F5
Y.L. PRASANNA 17981A04H4
CONTENTS

 Basic Architecture of GSM

 Introduction to Mobile Communication for VT
 Broadband multiplay
 GSM radio Nw
 GSM Switching Network
 Optical Fiber Cable
 overview of Telecom Network
GSM and its History

 Global System for Mobile Communication.

 A digital mobile system enabled for more sophisticated services.
 GSM began in 1982.
 GSM was a European wide project from beginning.
 GSM used in more than 130 countries.
 Originated from 1G ->2G->2.5G->3G.
 3G version is named as UMTS.
 3G Network provide higher capacity than the older generations.
Subsystems in GSM

NSS NMS
BSSBSS NSS NMS
Network
Base Station
• Base Station Network • Network
• Network
Manageme
Subsystem
Subsystem Switching
Switching Management
Subsystem Subsystem nt
Subsystem
Subsystem
Subsystems in GSM

BSS NSS NMS

 BTS (Base Transceiver  GMSC(Gateway Mobile  OMC R( R for Radio)
Station) services switching Centre)
 OMC S( S for Switch)
 BSC (Base Station Controller)  MSC (Mobile Services
switching centre)
 TC (Transcoder )
 VLR (Visitor Location Register)
 HLR (Home Location Register)
 AC (Authentication centre)
 EIR (Equipment Identity
Register)
FUNCTIONS OF BSS, NSS and NMS

BSS NSS NMS

 Managing Radio Network  Call control  Monitoring network
 Radio Path control  Charging  gives info. in the form of reports
 Synchronization  Signaling
 Mobility management  Subscriber data handling
 Speech transcoding  Mobility management
Mobile Station

 Mobile Phone is called MS

 ME + SIM= MS
 Operator issues SIM card when user joins
 Serial no. of the mobile Instrument is IMEI (International Mobile equipment
identity)
 IMEI is unique number in universe
SIM

 SIM means Subscriber Identity Module

 Data contained in the SIM Card is
1. IMSI of the subscriber
2. Location area identity of the subscriber
3. List of missed calls , Received calls and
List of SMSs etc.
4. List of operators available in the location area of the subscriber
 BSNL
Network Architecture
1 MSC=16 BSC
1 BSC=1024 TRU
OSS
HLR

B
T
PSTN
S ISDN

B
T
BSC MSC VLR
S BSC Data
Networks
A Interface
B A-bis interface
T
S

Air interface MSC VLR

14
Interfaces

 MS to BTS ( Air interface)

 BTS to BSC ( Abis Interface)
 BSC to TC ( Ater interface)
 TC to MSC ( A Interface)
 MSC to VLR ( B Interface)
 MSC to HLR ( C Interface)
 HLR to VLR ( D Interface)
 MSC to other MSC ( E interface)
 MSC to EIR ( F Interface)
 VLR to other VLR ( G Interface)
Frequency Reuse - 7 Cells Cluster

F3

F4 F2
F4
F1
F1
F5 F7
F5
F6
Multiplay Broadband Services
Multiplay Broadband Connectivity
Multiplay Broadband User End
Components of Core Network

 Edge Routers : Routers routes the packets to neighbours router as per

destination IP Address.
 MPLS : It is a multi protocol level switching system which are builded by
connecting using different routers. It is a system that lies between datalink
layer and network layer. All routers are connected with STM-16 and have
mesh connectivity to one other.
 Core Router : Core router is Part of MPLS network which is connected to
International Gateway routers for internet traffic.
Core Data Network

 Metro Cities = Fully Mesh STM-16

 Big Cities = Dual Home connected with STM-16 to Metro cities
 Medium cities = Dual Home connected with STM-16 to Metro or Big cities
 Small Cities = Dual Home connected with STM-1 to Metro, Big or Medium
cities
 Small District nodes = Only PE router connected to nearest Core router with
STM-1
Miscellaneous Routers

 IGW – International Gateway Router – Connectivity to Internet is through

this router
 IXP – Internet Exchange Point – ISP’s connect each other through this
router
 IDC – Internet Data Center – for connecting to Data Centers
 IPTAX – IPTAX Project planned to be connected to Internet Backbone
through this router
 RR – Router Reflector – For reflecting of BGP routes to the PE-Provider Edge
Router
Multiplay Broadband

 Multiplay Broadband provides voice, data and streaming video services.

 Maximum download speed can go upto 24Mbps.

 On demand services like Audio on Demand(AoD), Games on

Demand(GoD), Video on Demand(VoD), Video Conferencing,IPTV
etc.can be easily planned through Multiplay Broadband.
Multiplay Broadband Network
RPR

 Resilient packet Routing (RPR) technology.

 Best suited for a broadband core network.
 Pure Data Ring on fiber.
 Dual counter rotating ring topology.

Inner (Outer) ring carries inner (outer) ring data and control signal for outer
(inner) ring.
History of Mobile Communication
Migration from 1G to 3G

 1G : Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)

 Analog, Circuit Switched, FDMA, FDD

 2G : Global System for Mobile (GSM)

 Digital, Circuit Switched, FDMA and TDMA, FDD

 2.5G : General Packet Radio Service ( GPRS )

 Digital, Circuit Switched and Packet Switched, FDMA and TDMA, FDD

 3G : Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS)

 Digital, Circuit Switched and Packet Switched, FDMA and TDMA, FDD
Multiple Access Techniques and
various types

 Multiple Access – Achieved by dividing the available radio frequency

spectrum, so that multiple users can be given access at the same
time.
 FDMA - Frequency Division Multiple Access
( eg: GSM each Frequency channel is 200KHz)
 TDMA - Time Division Multiple Access
( eg: GSM each frequency channel is divided into 8 timeslots)
 CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access
(eg: IS95- Each User data is coded with a unique code)
Duplex Technique

 Duplex - How the up link and Down link of a user is

separated
 FDD - Frequency Division Duplex
(eg: In GSM the up link and down link of a user is
separated by 45MHz )
 TDD - Time Division Duplex
(the up link and down link of a user will be at the same
frequency but at different Time )
Traffic/Signaling
Implementation of Technology

 Uplink 890 MHz to 915 MHz

 Down Link 935 MHz to 960 MHz
 25 MHz divided into 125 channels of 200 KHz bandwidth

UP 890.0 890.2 890.4 914.8 915.0

DOWN 935.0 935.2 935.4 959.8 960.0

Telecom

 Telecommunication is the assisted transmission of signals over a distance for the

purpose of communication.
 It is the technology of transferring information over a distance.
Information:-
 Information can be of several type:
 Audio –Telephone
 Text -Telegraph , email, SMS
 Pictures –Picture attachments
 Video –Clipping over internet
 Data –ATM to bank.
OVERVIEW OF TELECOM NETWORK

 Traditionally, telephone networks have been provided to carry voice

traffic.
 Early analogue networks have been replaced by digital networks.
 Recently, the availability of the Internet and the Voice over Internet
Protocol has provided an entirely new paradigm for data and multimedia
services.
 Mobile networks themselves are developing into ambiquitous networks,
able to offer a wide range of data and video, as well as voice services.The
Internet, which began as a data network, is now able to support voice
and other real-time services.
OVERVIEW OF TELECOM NETWORK

 There are three networking approaches

 Circuit-switched,
 Internet / Data Networkand
 Cellular mobile, thereforeprovide the basis for a telecom network
infrastructure.
 Finally,all these architectures are migrating towards a common IP network
infrastructure called Next Generation Network(NGN).
OVERVIEW OF TELECOM NETWORK

 Telecommunications is the transfer of information from a transmitter to a

receiver over a distance.
 A telecommunication network is required to transmit messages between
any of its users(who are usually called customers or subscribers),and the
messages may be conveyed by signals that are either digital or analogue.
 Telecommunication system-enable the transmission of information over
public or private networks(voice,data,graphics,video…)
 OVERVIEW OF TELECOM NETWORK

Transmitter : originates information transfer

Receiver : receives the transferred information
Circuit : a communications path between transmitter and receiver over an
established medium
Link : a two-point segment of an end-to-end circuit
OVERVIEW OF TELECOM NETWORK

 Switch : a device that establishes, maintains, and changes connections

over circuits.
 Line : a single physical connection between a user and a switch
 Trunks : the physical connection between switches
 Channel : a channel is a division in a transmission medium so that it can be
used to send multiple streams of information , a circuit can contain
multiple channels
ANALOG SIGNAL
 Continuous Waveform
 Analog signals are continuous-valued;
 Voice Communications and video
DIGITAL SIGNAL

 DISCRETE WAVEFORM i.e. depicted as discontinuous

 TWO DISCRETE STATES:

 –1-BIT&0-BIT
 –ON/OFF PULSE (Eachpulse (on/off) is known as a bit) USES MODEM TO
TRANSLATE ANALOG TO DIGITAL
Advantages of Digital Transmission

•The signal is exact

•Signals can be checked for errors
•Noise/interference are easily filtered out
•A variety of services can be offered over one line
•Higher band width is possible with data compression
Network Elements
Geometry of Fiber
Types of Fiber

 According to Material Used

 1. Plastic Fiber
 2. Plastic Clad Silica Fiber
 3. Glass Fiber
 According to RI Profile
 1. Step Index
 2. Graded Index
 According to Modes
 1. Single Mode
 2. Multi-Mode
Evolution of Wireless Technology
GENERATIONS OF CELLULAR SYSTEMS

 FIRST-GENERATIONSYSTEMS

 SECOND-GENERATIONSYSTEMS

 SECOND-AND-A-HALFGENERATIONSYSTEMS

 THIRD-GENERATIONSYSTEMS
Communication -Mobile
Elements of a Transmission System
Next Generation Networks –
Technology