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    lecture14

    Uploaded by

    waleed ali

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 9

    EE359 – Lecture 14

    Outline
     Announcements:
     MT today, 2-4pm, 103 Hewlitt, pizza
    afterwards
     HW posted today, due next Friday

     Discrete-Rate Adaptive
    Modulation
     Introduction to MIMO
    Communications
     MIMO Channel Decomposition
    Review of Last
    Lecture
     Introduction to adaptive modulation
     Varydifferent parameters of modulation
    relative to fading
     Variable-rate variable-power MQAM
     Maximize average throughput by changing
    rate and power 1
     Optimal power adaptation is water-filling

    P()  1  1K   K K 0 0

     0
    P  0 else 1
    K
    gk g
       adaptation:
    power loss K=-1.5/ln(5BER).
     Optimal
    R

    rate
    log   p( )d . Equals capacity with effective
    B  
    2
    K K
    Constellation
    Restriction
     Restrict MD(g) to {M0=0,…,MN}.
     Let M(g)=g/gK*, where gK* is optimized
    for max rate
     Set M (g) to max M : M  M(g)
    D j j j
    (conservative)
    M(g)=g/g *
     Region
    M 3boundaries are gj=MjgK*, j=0, K

    M(g)=g/gK
    …,N
    M (g)
    D
    M
    M 3
     Power control maintains target BER
    2
    M 2
    M1 M1
    Outage
    0
    g0 g1=M1gK* g2 g3 g
    Power Adaptation and
    Average Rate
     Poweradaptation: Fixed BER within
    each region
     Es/N0=(Mj-1)/K
     Channel inversion within a region

    Pj ( ) ( M j  1) /(K )  j    j 1 , j  0
     Requires 
    P power
     0 increase when   1 increasing
    M(g)

    R N
     log 2 M j p ( j    j 1 )
    B j 1
     Average Rate
    Efficiency in Rayleigh
    Fading
    Spectral Efficiency (bps/Hz)

    Average SNR (dB)


    Multiple Input Multiple
    Output (MIMO)Systems
     MIMO systems have multiple transmit
    and receiver antennas (Mt at TX, Mr at
    RX)
    x=[x ,…,x ] y=[y ,…,y ]
    1 Mt 1 Mr

    TX power constraint:
    E[xxH]=r=P/s2 y=Hx+n

     Inputdescribed by vector x of
    dimension Mt
     Output described by vector y of
    dimension Mr
     Channel described by M xM matrix
    r t
    MIMO Decomposition
     Decompose channel through
    ~ ~
    transmit precoding (x=Vx) and
    receiver shaping (y=U
    ~ ~y)
    H
    ~
    y=Hx+n y=S x+n
    H=USV H
    ~y =s ~ ~
    i ix+ni

     Leads to RHmin(Mt,Mr) independent


    channels with gain si (ith singular
    value of H) and AWGN

    MIMO Fading Channel
    Capacity
     Ifchannel H known, waterfill over
    space (fixed power at each time
    instant) or space-time
     Without transmitter channel
    knowledge, capacity is based on an
    outage probability
    P is probability that channel capacity
    out
    given the channel realization is below the
    transmission rate C

     Massive MIMO: random channel


    Main Points
     Discretizing the constellation size in adaptive
    MQMA results in negligible performance loss.
     Constellations cannot be updated faster than 10s to
    100s of symbol times: OK for most dopplers.
     Estimation error/delay causes error floor
     MIMO systems exploit multiple antennas at
    both TX and RX for capacity and/or diversity
    gain
     With TX/RX CSI, decomposes into
    independent channels
     Capacity of MIMO systems
     Static channel with TX/RX CSI: sum of capacity on each
    spatial dimension
     Static channel without TX CSI: capacity metric is outage.
     Fading channel with TX/RX CSI: water-fill power over
    space or space-time to achieve capacity

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