Mtion in 1D

UNIT-3
Mechanics
MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE
CLASSICAL MECHANICS
A branch of physics that

describes how objects
move, based on Newton's
laws of motion. It's used
to study the motion of
macroscopic objects,
such as planets, stars,
spacecraft, and parts of
machinery.
SOME BRANCHES OF MECHANICS
1. Dynamics
♦The branch of mechanics that studies
how forces, mass, momentum, and
energy affects the motion of objects. [The
cause of motion]
2. Kinematics
♦ The study of motion without regard to
the forces that cause it.
FRAME OF REFERENCE
[Inertial Frame of Reference, a=zero]
♦ A set of coordinate that can be used to

determine position of an object.
♦ It is a system to which a set of
coordinates are attached and with
reference to which observer describes
any event.
POSITION -The location of an object in space
relative to a reference point, often called the
origin.
MOTION
The change in position of an object

with respect to its surroundings (a
fixed point/ FRAME OF REFERENCE ) in a
given interval of time.
FOUR FUNDAMENTAL TYPES OF MOTION
1. Translational Motion
[Linear Motion, Straight-Line Motion,
Rectilinear Motion]
2. Rotational Motion 3. Oscillatory
Motion
4. Curvilinear motion
3.1. Straight-Line Motion
♦Translational Motion
♦ Linear Motion
♦ Rectilinear Motion
Straight line motion
• Straight line motion refers to the

movement of an object along a straight
path.
• In this type of motion, the object travels

in a linear trajectory without changing
direction.
Characteristics of Straight line
motion
1.Linear Path
The motion occurs along a straight line without
any deviation in direction.
2.Constant Velocity (Uniform Motion)
In uniform straight line motion, the object moves
at a constant speed and covers equal distances
in equal time intervals.
3.Variable Velocity (Non-Uniform Motion)
In non-uniform straight line motion, the speed of
the object changes over time, leading to
Distance and displacement
Distance [S]
● The complete length of the total path

between any two points.
● Distance is the total movement of an object
without any regard to direction.
● Distance is the measure of “how much
ground an object has covered during its
motion”.
● Distance is a scalar quantity.
● Distance can only have positive values.
● Depends on path followed by the object.
● It can be more than or equal to
Displacement [ ]
● Displacement is the direct length

between any two points when measured
along the minimum path between them.
● Displacement is a vector quantity.
● Displacement can be positive, negative
and even zero.
●It only depends on the initial and final
positions.
● It can be less than or equal to the
distance.
Example-1
[Distance and displacement]
Example-1
Alemu travels 400Km to North but then back-tracks to South for
300km to pick up a friend. What is Alemu’s total distance and
displacement?
Example-2
Alemu travels 400Km to North and then turn to East for 300km to
pick up a friend. What is Alemu’s total distance and
displacement?
Example-3
An object moves in a circular path. Find the distance and
displacement covered by the object.
Example-4
An object covers 1/2 of the circular path, find the distance and
Average Speed
and
instantaneous speed
Speed[v]
●The rate of change of position of an object in any direction.
●A quantity that describes how fast a body moves.
Measurement of Speed
♦For the measurement of speed
in vehicles, speedometers are used.
♦To measure the distance covered
odometers are used.
Types of Speed
I. Uniform speed[Uniform Motion]: A object is said to be
in uniform speed when the object covers equal distance in
equal time intervals.
II. Variable speed: A object is said to be in variable speed
when the object covers a different distance at equal intervals
of times.
III. Average speed: Average speed is defined as the
uniform speed which is given by the ratio of total distance
travelled by an object to the total time taken by the object.
IV. Instantaneous speed: When an object is moving
with variable speed, then the speed of that object at
any instant of time is known as Instantaneous speed.
♦It is the rate of change of position for a time interval

which is very small (almost zero, ∆t→0).
Velocity[ ]
• It can be defined as the rate of change of the
object’s displacement with respect to a frame of
reference and time.
• velocity is basically speed in a specific direction.
• It is a vector quantity.
• The SI unit of it is meter per second (ms -1).
• If there is a change in magnitude or the direction of
the velocity of a body, then it is said to be
accelerating.
Instantaneous Velocity
• The velocity of an object at that instant of time.
Instantaneous velocity definition is given as “The
velocity of an object under motion at a specific
point of time.”
• If the object possesses uniform velocity, then the

instantaneous velocity may be the same as its
standard velocity.
What Is Acceleration?
Acceleration
• The rate of change of velocity with respect to
time.
An object can change its velocity in several

ways:
I. speeding up
II. slowing down
III. changing direction
• When an object speeds up, it is accelerating
– This is positive acceleration
• When an object slows down, it
is decelerating
– This is negative acceleration

Mtion in 1D

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Mtion in 1D

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Mtion in 1D

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

UNIT-3

A branch of physics that

♦ A set of coordinate that can be used to

The change in position of an object

• Straight line motion refers to the

• In this type of motion, the object travels

● The complete length of the total path

● Displacement is the direct length

♦It is the rate of change of position for a time interval

• If the object possesses uniform velocity, then the

An object can change its velocity in several

You might also like