Motion in A Straight Line Project HHW

MOTION IN A
STRAIGHT LINE
NEW DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL
APROJEET BHOWMICK
XI
SUBMITTED TO: - YOGITA MA’AM

MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE
• Motion and its Relevance
Motion is defined as the change in position of an object with respect to its
surroundings in a given interval of time. If the position of an object is
continuously changing with respect to its surrounding, then it is said to be
in the state of motion.
Example - We see that a train is moving on rails, the walking man, the
crawling insect, water flowing down a dam, etc.
• Types of motion
• Rectilinear Motion- The motion in which a particle moves along a
straight line is called rectilinear motion.
Example- Motion of a sliding body on an inclined plane.
• Circular Motion- The motion in which a particle moves in a circular path

is called circular motion.
Example- A string whirled in a circular loop.
• Oscillatory Motion- The motion in which a particle moves to and fro

about a given point is known as oscillatory motion.
Example- Simple pendulum.
• Position, Frame of reference, Path length and

Displacement
• Position- It is defined as the point where an object is situated. Position
can be determined by the coordinate axis that is, marked in units of
length and that has positive and negative direction.
Example- If an object is situated at -1m then minus sign indicates that
the position has negative direction but if the object at 0m position then it
will be said to be at rest.
• Frame of Reference- It is the fixed point or place with respect to which
the position velocity and acceleration of a body is measured.
Frame of reference are of two types: -
1) Inertial frame of reference: - Any frame of reference which is either
at rest or moving with uniform velocity is called inertial frame of
reference.
Example: - A plane moving on a horizontal track with constant is an
inertial frame of reference.
2) Non-Inertial frame of reference: - A frame of reference which is
accelerated is called non-inertial frame of reference.
Example: - Body falling down under the force of gravity.
• Path length and Distance: - The path covered by an object in a given
time interval, is called path length of distance.
Example: - Suppose an object moves along x-axis to a distance of 100m
from the origin in time ‘t’. Then the path length is 100m.
• Displacement: - The shortest distance from the initial position to the
final position of the particle is called displacement.
• Velocity and Speed

• Velocity: - The rate of change in position or displacement of an object
with time is called the velocity of that object.
Velocity = Displacement /Time
1) Uniform Velocity: - An object could have uniform velocity if it covers
equal displacement in equal interval of time.
2) Non-Uniform Velocity: - A body said to be move with non-uniform
velocity if it covers unequal displacement in equal interval of time.
• Speed: - The distance travelled by a body per unit time is called speed
of a body.
Speed = Distance /Time
1) Uniform speed: - A particle or a body is said to be moving with uniform
speed if it covers equal distances in equal interval of time.
2) Variable speed: - A particle or a body is said to be moving with variable
speed if it covers unequal distance in equal interval of time.
• Average Velocity and Average Speed
• Average Velocity: - Average velocity is defined as ratio of total Displacement to the
total time taken.
Average Velocity = Total Displacement/ Total time taken
Average Speed - Average speed is defined as the ratio of Total distance travelled to the
Total time taken.
Average Speed = Total Distance travelled/Total time taken
• Instantaneous Velocity and Instantaneous

Speed
Instantaneous Velocity: - Instantaneous of a particle is defined as the velocity of a
particle at any instant of time.
V = dx /dt
Instantaneous Speed: - When a body is moving with variable speed then the speed of a
body at any instant of time is called instantaneous speed.
s = ds /dt
• Acceleration
Acceleration: - The rate of change of velocity of an object with time is called the
acceleration of a body.
Acceleration = Change in Velocity /Time taken
1) Average Acceleration: - Average acceleration is defined as the change in velocity of a

body divided by total time taken.
Average acceleration = ∆V/∆t
2) Instantaneous acceleration: - It is defined as the acceleration of an object at any

instant of time during its motion.
Instantaneous acceleration = dv/dt
3)Uniform acceleration: - The motion of a body whose acceleration is constant is

known as uniformly accelerated motion.
4) Non-Uniform acceleration: - The motion of an object having variable acceleration is

known as non-uniform accelerated motion.

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MOTION IN A

SUBMITTED TO: - YOGITA MA’AM

• Circular Motion- The motion in which a particle moves in a circular path

• Oscillatory Motion- The motion in which a particle moves to and fro

• Position, Frame of reference, Path length and

• Velocity and Speed

Average Velocity = Total Displacement/ Total time taken

Average Speed = Total Distance travelled/Total time taken

• Instantaneous Velocity and Instantaneous

Acceleration = Change in Velocity /Time taken

1) Average Acceleration: - Average acceleration is defined as the change in velocity of a

Average acceleration = ∆V/∆t

2) Instantaneous acceleration: - It is defined as the acceleration of an object at any

Instantaneous acceleration = dv/dt

3)Uniform acceleration: - The motion of a body whose acceleration is constant is

4) Non-Uniform acceleration: - The motion of an object having variable acceleration is

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