Class 9 Physics Motion Notes

Grade 9 Physics
Chapter 8 – Motion
1. An object has moved through a distance. Can it have zero displacement? If

yes, support your answer with an example.
Yes, even if an object has moved through a distance, it can have zero
displacement. This can happen if, after moving through a certain distance,
the moving object comes back to its starting position. For example, if an
athlete runs along a circular track and after completing one round, comes
back to his starting position, then the distance moved by the athlete will be
equal to the circumference of circular track but his displacement will be
zero (because the straight line distance between his initial and final
positions will be zero).
2. Which of the following is true for displacement?

(a) It cannot be zero.
(b) Its magnitude is greater than the distance travelled by the object.
(a) The displacement can be zero. So, the first statement is not true.
(b) The magnitude of displacement can never be greater than the distance
travelled by the object. So, the second statement is also not true.
3. Under what condition(s) is the magnitude of average velocity of an object

equal to its average speed?
Since average speed is the total distance travelled in a time period
and velocity is the total displacement in the time period, the magnitude of
average velocity and average speed will be the same when the total
distance travelled is equal to the displacement.
4. What does the path of an object look like when it is in uniform motion?
The path of an object in uniform motion is a straight line.
5. Distinguish between speed and velocity.
Speed Velocity
Speed is the distance travelled by an Velocity is the displacement of an
object in a given interval of time. It does object in a given interval of time. It
not have any direction. has a unique direction.
Speed is given by the relation: Velocity is given by the relation:
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭
Speed = Velocity =
𝐓𝐢𝐦𝐞 𝐓𝐚𝐤𝐞𝐧 𝐓𝐢𝐦𝐞 𝐭𝐚𝐤𝐞𝐧
The speed of an object can never be The velocity of an object can be
negative. negative, positive or equal to zero.
Speed has only magnitude, so speed is a Velocity has both, magnitude as well
scalar quantity. as direction, so velocity is a vector
quantity.
6. What does the odometer of an automobile measure?

An odometer, or odograph, is a device that measures the distance
travelled by an automobile based on the perimeter of the wheel as the
wheel rotates.
7. When will you say a body is in:

(i) Uniform acceleration?
(ii) Non-uniform acceleration?
(i) A body has a uniform acceleration if its velocity changes by equal

amounts in equal intervals of time. The motion of a freely falling
body is an example of uniform acceleration.
(ii) A body has a non-uniform acceleration if its velocity changes by
unequal amounts in equal intervals of time. The motion of a car on a
crowded city road is an example of non-uniform acceleration.
8. What is the nature of the distance-time graphs for uniform and non-
uniform motion of an object?
(i) The distance-time graph for an object having uniform motion is a

straight line with some slope.
(ii) The distance time graph for an object having non-uniform motion
is a curved line.
9. What can you say about the motion of an object whose distance-time
graph is a straight line parallel to the time-axis?
If the distance-time graph of an object is a straight line parallel to the
time axis, it shows that the distance of the object from its starting position
is just the same at all times. Since the object remains at the same
distancefrom the starting position, it is not moving. The object is stationary.
10.What can you say about the motion of an object if its speed-time graph is
a straight line parallel to the time axis?
If the speed-time graph of an object is a straight line parallel to the
time axis, then the speed of the object at every instant of time is just the
same. So, the object is moving with constant speed (or uniform speed).
There is no acceleration at all.
11.What is the quantity which is measured by the area occupied below the
velocity-time graph?
The area under the velocity-time graph represents the total
displacement of the object.
12.State which of the following situations are possible and give an example
for each of these:
(a) An object with a constant acceleration but with zero velocity
(b) An object moving with an acceleration but with uniform speed.
(c) An object moving in a certain direction with an acceleration in the
perpendicular direction.
(a) An object with a constant acceleration but zero velocity is possible. For
example, when an object is just released from a height, then it is being
acted upon by a constant acceleration of 9.8 m/s² (called acceleration
due to gravity) but its initial velocity is zero.
(b) An object moving with an acceleration but with uniform speed is
possible; acceleration implies an increase or decrease in speed, and
uniform speed implies that the speed does not change over time. For
example an object moving in a circular path with uniform speed is still
under acceleration because the velocity changes due to continuous
changes in the direction of motion.
(c) An object moving in a certain direction with an acceleration in the

perpendicular direction is possible. For example, when an object is
moving with uniform motion in a circle, then the motion of the object at
any instant of time is along tangent to the circle at that instant but the
(centripetal) acceleration is along the radius of the circle (which is
perpendicular to the direction of motion along the tangent).
13.What is uniform and non-uniform motion?
Uniform Motion:
If an object covers equal distances in equal intervals of time, then it
is said to be in uniform motion.
Non-Uniform Motion:
If an object covers unequal distances in equal intervals of time, then
it is said to be in non-uniform motion.
14.What do you mean by average speed? What are its units?
Average speed is defined as the average distance travelled per unit
time and is obtained by dividing the total distance travelled by the total
time taken.
𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐝
Average speed =
𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞 𝐭𝐚𝐤𝐞𝐧
𝐬
ν=
𝐭
The unit of average speed is the same as that of the speed, that is, ms-1.
15.What is the difference between uniform velocity and non-uniform

velocity?
Uniform velocity:
An object with uniform velocity covers equal distances in equal

intervals of time in a specified direction, e.g., an object moving with speed
of 40 kmh-1 towards west has uniform velocity.
Non-uniform velocity:
When an object covers unequal distances in equal intervals of time in

a specified direction, or if the direction of motion changes, it is said to be
moving with a non-uniform or variable velocity, e.g., revolving fan at a
constant speed has variable velocity.
16.What do you understand by instantaneous velocity?
Instantaneous velocity is the velocity of a body at any particular instant

during its motion. For example, the instantaneous velocity of a motorcycle
at a particular instant is 40 kmh-1 if it is moving at 40 kmh-1 at that particular
instant. It is measured by the speedometers on the vehicles.
17.What is negative acceleration?
If the velocity of a body decreases with time, then its final velocity is less
than the initial velocity and thus its acceleration is negative. Negative
acceleration is called retardation or deceleration. For example, when brakes
are applied to a moving truck, its velocity gradually decreases. In other
words, it is under retardation.
18.How will the equations of motion for an object moving with a uniform
velocity change?
Acceleration a = 0, v = u
So, the equations of motion will become
s = ut
v2 – u2 = 0
19.Differentiate between distance and displacement.

20.What are the uses of a distance-time graph?
The various uses of a distance-time graph are as follows:
• It tells us about the position of the body at any instant of time.

• From the graph, we can see the distance covered by the body during
a particular interval of time.
• It also gives us information about the velocity of the body at any
instant of time.
21.What is uniform circular motion?
Motion of an object along a circular path with constant speed is called

uniform circular motion. The direction and velocity changes continuously,
therefore it is also known as accelerated motion. Example: Satellites around
the planet, Moon around the Earth, Planet around Sun.
22.What do you mean by average velocity?

The average velocity is given by the arithmetic mean of initial velocity
and final velocity for a given period of time.
𝐈𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐭𝐲 + 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐭𝐲

Average velocity =
𝟐
𝐮+𝐯
ν=
𝟐
23.Give the three equations of motion.

ν = u + at
1
s = ut + at2
2
2 a s = ν2 – u2

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Grade 9 Physics

1. An object has moved through a distance. Can it have zero displacement? If

2. Which of the following is true for displacement?

3. Under what condition(s) is the magnitude of average velocity of an object

6. What does the odometer of an automobile measure?

7. When will you say a body is in:

(i) A body has a uniform acceleration if its velocity changes by equal

(i) The distance-time graph for an object having uniform motion is a

(c) An object moving in a certain direction with an acceleration in the

13.What is uniform and non-uniform motion?

15.What is the difference between uniform velocity and non-uniform

An object with uniform velocity covers equal distances in equal

When an object covers unequal distances in equal intervals of time in

16.What do you understand by instantaneous velocity?

Instantaneous velocity is the velocity of a body at any particular instant

19.Differentiate between distance and displacement.

• It tells us about the position of the body at any instant of time.

21.What is uniform circular motion?

Motion of an object along a circular path with constant speed is called

22.What do you mean by average velocity?

𝐈𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐭𝐲 + 𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐭𝐲

23.Give the three equations of motion.

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