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    Evs

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    Evs

    Uploaded by

    saharsh shanu
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    1 views9 pages

    Evs

    Uploaded by

    saharsh shanu

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 9

    The Chernobyl

    Nuclear Disaster: A
    Comprehensive
    Study
    The Chernobyl nuclear disaster stands as one of the most
    significant events in nuclear power history, with far-reaching
    environmental, social, and health impacts. This comprehensive
    study explores the background, causes, immediate aftermath,
    long-term effects, and case studies related to this catastrophic
    event that occurred on April 26, 1986, near the town of Pripyat in
    northern Ukraine.

    - Kumar Shambhav
    C0221616
    Background and Location
    1 Location
    The Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant was situated near Pripyat,
    northern Ukraine, approximately 100 km north of Kyiv.

    2 Reactor Type
    The plant used RBMK-1000 reactors, a Soviet-designed graphite-
    moderated type.

    3 Purpose
    It generated power for the Soviet electrical grid.

    4 Reactor 4
    This reactor was the site of the disaster, one of four at the plant.
    Causes of the Disaster
    Safety Test
    A test was conducted to simulate a power outage and check if the
    turbine could power emergency systems until backup generators
    started.

    Critical Errors
    Operators disabled automatic shutdown systems and allowed the
    reactor's power to drop to an unstable level.

    Power Surge
    When operators tried to increase power, an uncontrolled surge
    occurred, exacerbated by design flaws in the RBMK reactor.

    Explosion
    A steam explosion followed by chemical reactions caused the
    reactor to rupture, releasing radioactive materials.
    Immediate Aftermath
    1 Reactor Core Exposure
    The explosion exposed the reactor core, leading to fires and
    significant release of radioactive isotopes into the atmosphere.

    2 Firefighting Efforts
    Firefighters and plant workers attempted to contain the fire, many
    suffering from acute radiation syndrome (ARS) and dying within
    weeks.

    3 Evacuation
    Around 49,000 residents were evacuated 36 hours after the
    explosion, exposing them to radiation.

    4 Radiation Release
    The explosion released approximately 400 times more radioactive
    material than the atomic bombing of Hiroshima.
    Environmental Impact
    Radioactive Fallout Exclusion Zone Biodiversity Changes

    Large amounts of iodine-131, A 30-kilometer radius around Research shows both negative
    cesium-137, and strontium-90 the plant was established, and adaptive responses in local
    were released, spreading across known as the Chernobyl wildlife. Some species have
    Europe. The fallout affected Exclusion Zone, where human thrived due to the absence of
    areas in Belarus, Ukraine, habitation remains restricted. humans, while others show
    Russia, and parts of Europe. mutations and health impacts.
    Human Health Impact
    Immediate Deaths 28 workers and firefighters died within months due to ARS

    Thyroid Cancer Sharp increase, especially among children exposed to


    iodine-131

    Long-term Effects Increased rates of leukemia, solid cancers, and mental


    health issues

    Chernobyl Liquidators Over 600,000 workers involved in cleanup, facing long-


    term health risks
    Social and Cultural Impact

    Abandonment of Pripyat
    The city remains a ghost town, with buildings frozen in time, symbolizing the
    sudden disruption of life.

    Cultural Narratives
    The disaster has been depicted in literature, documentaries, and series,
    emphasizing human error, technological hubris, and the Soviet government's
    secrecy.

    Tourism
    The Exclusion Zone has become a site for "dark tourism," attracting people
    interested in the history of the disaster.
    Lessons Learned and
    Changes in Nuclear Policy
    Safety Protocols
    The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and countries
    worldwide revised safety regulations, emphasizing transparency and
    independent regulatory bodies.

    Global Awareness
    The disaster highlighted the need for international cooperation on
    nuclear safety and the environmental risks of nuclear energy.

    Shift in Public Opinion


    Chernobyl contributed to increased opposition to nuclear energy,
    especially in Europe, leading to the shutdown of some plants.

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