Hazard Identification and Risk

Assessment (HIRA)
Course Objectives

You will be able to:

 Recognize and identify hazards

 Conduct risk assessments

 Manage risks
 Introduction To and Definition of Hazards

WHAT ARE HAZARDS?

Anything with the Potential to Cause Harm

Ask the question: Does Usually People: Poor health,

it have the potential to hidden and in injury or fatality
cause harm? latent form Environment:
If the answer is yes, Negative
then it is a hazard. impact
Asset: Property
Damage
Reputation: Business
Loss
WHAT ARE HAZARDS?

hazard
WHAT ARE HAZARDS?

hazard
HELP!
Identify the Hazards?

hazard
 HAZARD TYPES AND SOURCES

In the workplace,
hazards are
broadly
categorized as:
Ergonomic Physical Psychosocial

Chemical Biological
Ergonomic Hazards

Definition: Hazards that occur when work, body

position, or working conditions or environment put
a strain on one’s body.

Ergonomic hazards include:

 Posture
 Workstation
 Work Environment
 How sometimes we fit the body to
Jobs?
 Physical Hazards

Definition: Hazards caused by transfer of energy

between an object and a worker.

Types of physical hazards include

 Mechanical Hazard
 Electrical Hazard
 Pressure Hazard
 Thermal Hazard
 Environmental Hazard (noise, radiation, pollution) Slips, Trips,
and Falls
Chemical Hazards

Definition: Hazards caused by inhale or

contact with chemicals.

Corrosive Chemicals are found as

Poisonous Solid
Explosive  Liquid
Gas
 Biological Hazards

Definition: Hazards caused by contact with living organisms

or their by-products
Types of substances you may be exposed to include
 Blood or other body fluids
 Fungi
 Bacteria and viruses
 Plants
 Insect bites
Psychosocial Hazards

Definitions: Hazards associated with the mental stresses of

work

Psychosocial hazards are caused by

 Workload
 Workplace Violence
 Harassment
Sources of Hazards
Presence of Hazards

Hazards in the work area are not always observable

to the eye; sometimes we need to look closer.
Q. 1) In the work place, hazards are
broadly categorized as:

Option : 1) Ergonomic.
Option: 2) Physical.
Option: 3) Psychosocial
Option: 4) Chemical.
Option: 5) Biological
Option: 6) All of the above
Option: 7) None of the above
Answer : 6) All of the above
Q. 2) What are the Ergonomic Hazards?

Option: 1) Hazards that occur when work, body position or

working conditions or environment put strain on one’s body.
Option: 2) Hazards caused by transfer of energy between an
object and a worker.
Option: 3) Hazards caused by inhaling or contact with chemicals
Option: 4) Hazards associated with the mental stresses of work

ANSWER: Hazards that occur when work, body position or working

conditions, or environment put strain on one’s body.
Q. 3) What is the Chemical Hazards?

Option : 1) Hazards that occur when work, body position or

working conditions or environment put strain on one’s body.
Option: 2) Hazards caused by transfer of energy between an
object and a worker.
Option: 3) Hazards caused by inhale or contact with chemicals
Option: 4) Hazards associated with the mental stresses of work

• ANSWER : Hazards caused by inhale or contact with chemicals.

Q. 4) What is the Physical Hazards?

• Option: 1) Hazards that occur when work, body position or

working conditions or environment put strain on one’s body.
• Option: 2) Hazards caused by transfer of energy between an
object and a worker.
• Option: 3) Hazards caused by inhale or contact with
chemicals
• Option: 4) Hazards associated with the mental stresses of
work
• ANSWER : Hazards caused by inhale or contact with chemicals.
Q. 5) What are the Psychosocial
Hazards?

• Option : 1) Hazards that occur when work, body position or

working conditions or environment put strain on one’s body.
• Option: 2) Hazards caused by transfer of energy between an
object and a worker.
• Option: 3) Hazards caused by inhale or contact with
chemicals
• Option: 4) Hazards associated with the mental stresses of
work
• ANSWER: Hazards associated with the mental stresses of
work
Q. 6) What are the Biological
Hazards?

• Option : 1) Hazards that occur when work, body position or

working conditions or environment put strain on one’s body.
• Option: 2) Hazards caused by inhale or contact with chemicals
• Option: 3) Hazards caused by contact with living organisms or
their by-products
• Option: 4) Hazards associated with the mental stresses of
work

• ANSWER : Hazards caused by contact with living organisms

or their by-products
Q. 7) What are the sources of
Hazards?

• Option: 1) People
• Option: 2) Equipment
• Option: 3) Material
• Option: 4) Environment
• Option: 5) All of the above

• ANSWER : All of the above

Overview and Definitions
RISK ASSESSMENT

• What Is Risk?

hazard

risk
What Is Risk?

Risk is the computation of the likelihood of harm being done

and the severity of that harm.

Risk = Likelihood X Severity

What Is Risk Assessment?

A Risk Assessment is simply a careful examination of

 What, in your work,
 Could cause harm to people, so that you can
 Assess whether you have taken enough
precautions or
 Should do more to prevent harm.
Risk Assessment - Steps

 Hazard Identification;
 Identify who might be harmed and how;
 Evaluate the risks and decide on precautions;
 Identify control measures and record your findings;
 Communicate risks and recommend actions and
review if needed.
1. Hazard Identification (HAZID)

Hazard identification requires:

 Being team-based;
 Being proactive when searching for hazards;
 Assessing all hazards;
 Also assessing the current control system.
1. Hazard Identification – Consider
the Past, Present and Future
What has gone wrong in the past?
Root Cause
Historical Historical Records
Process Experience
conditions Near misses

What could go wrong currently?

Existing Brainstorming Identified

conditions Observation Hazards
Checklists

Future What could go wrong due to change?

conditions
Possible Change
What-If Judgement
Prediction
Step 2: Identify Who Might Be
Harmed and How

 Workers carrying out the

task  Persons with disabilities
 Other nearby workers  Property Loss
 Visitors
 Negative Impact on the
 Maintenance staffs Environment
 New/young workers  Loss of Company
 Pregnant women Reputation
Step 3: Evaluate the Risks
What Is Consequence?

The consequence is the degree of harm.

Consequence: Levels of Severity
Harm to People

SEVERITY TABLE

Level Number Level Type Definition

1 Low Minor first aid treatment

2 Minor Medical treatment

3 Moderate Lost time injury

4 Major Fatality or permanent disability

5 Critical Multiple fatalities

What Is Likelihood?

The likelihood is the probability that the consequence will

occur
Likelihood

LIKELIHOOD TABLE
Level Number Level Type Definition

1 Rare Occurs at least once in 100 years

2 Unlikely Occurs at least once every 10 years

3 Possible Occurs at least once a year

4 Likely Occurs at least once a month

5 Almost Certain Occurs at least once a week

Risk Assessment Table

SEVERITY
RISK ASSESSMENT TABLE Low Minor Moderate Major Critical

1 2 3 4 5

Rare 1 1 2 3 4 5

L
I Unlikely 2 2 4 6 8 10

E Possible 3 3 6 9 12 15

L
I
Likely 4 4 8 12 16 20
H

O Almost Certain 5 5 10 15 20 25
What We’ve Learned So Far: Review

Hazard Identification
1. Hazard Identification
Hazard & Scenario Analysis
2. Identify who might be harmed
and how
Likelihood Consequences 3. Evaluate the risks

Risk
Next:
4.Identify control measures and record your findings
5.Communicate risks and recommend actions and
review if needed
Step 4: Identify Control Measures

Hierarchy of Control Measures

Most
Preferred
1. Eliminate

2. Substitute

3. Engineering Controls

4. Administrative Measures

Least 5. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Preferred
Definitions of Control Measures

Control Description Example

Remove, redesign the process or Eliminating the use of a
Elimination
plant so the hazard does not exist chemical
Hazard substituted with something of Use of Non Hazardous
Substitution
a lesser risk chemical with Hazardous
chemical
Engineering/ Hazard controlled through isolation
Machine guarding
Isolation using an engineering measure

Administrative/ Hazard controlled by influencing Safety procedures, Safety

Training people signage

Personal
Respirators, hearing
Protective Hazard controlled by the use of
protection, protection from
Equipment personal protective equipment
impact
(PPE)
Effectiveness of Control Measures
Effectiveness of Control Measures
Effectiveness of Control Measures
Effectiveness of Control Measures
 Step 5: Communicate Risks

Inform the Relevant Make the Case to

people Management
• Chemical handler
• Machine operator • Top management
• Iron section • Department
• Other people at risk managers
• Supervisors
Q.8) What is risk?

• Option 1) Risk is the computation of likelihood of harm being done and

severity of that harm.
• Option 2) Risk is the possibility that specified harm is caused by particular
hazard.
• Option 3) Risk = Likelihood X Severity
• Option 4) All of the above.
• Option 5) None of the above.

• ANSWER : All of the above

Q. 9) “Use of Non-Hazardous
chemical instead of Hazardous
chemical” is an example of which
Level of control measures?

• Option 1) Elimination.
• Option 2) Substitution.
• Option 3) Engineering/ Isolation
• Option 4) Administration/Training .
• Option 5) PPE ( Personal Protective Equipment)

• ANSWER: Substitution
Q. 10) “Use of Helmet, Mask,
Goggles, Respirator, Earplug” is an
example of which Level of control
measures?
• Option 1) Elimination.
• Option 2) Substitution.
• Option 3) Engineering/ Isolation
• Option 4) Administration/Training .
• Option 5) PPE ( Personal Protective Equipment)

• ANSWER : PPE ( Personal Protective Equipment)

Q. 11) “Use of Safety signage, Safety
Procedures ” is an example of which
Level of control measures?

• Option 1) Elimination.
• Option 2) Substitution.
• Option 3) Engineering/ Isolation
• Option 4) Administration/Training .
• Option 5) PPE ( Personal Protective Equipment)

• ANSWER : Administration/Training
Q. 12) “Eliminating the use of
Chemicals” is an example of which
Level of control measures?

• Option 1) Elimination.
• Option 2) Substitution.
• Option 3) Engineering/ Isolation
• Option 4) Administration/Training.
• Option 5) PPE ( Personal Protective Equipment)

• ANSWER: Elimination
Q. 13) “Use of Machine guard” is an
example of which Level of control
measures?

• Option 1) Elimination.
• Option 2) Substitution.
• Option 3) Engineering/ Isolation
• Option 4) Administration/Training.
• Option 5) PPE ( Personal Protective Equipment)

• ANSWER: Engineering/Isolation
“Q. 14) “Which level of Control
measures provide 100 %
Effectiveness?

• Option 1) Elimination.
• Option 2) Substitution.
• Option 3) Engineering/ Isolation
• Option 4) Administration/Training .
• Option 5) PPE ( Personal Protective Equipment)

• ANSWER : Elimination
 Q. 15) “Which level of Control
measures provide only 5%
Effectiveness?

• Option 1) Elimination.
• Option 2) Substitution.
• Option 3) Engineering/ Isolation
• Option 4) Administration/Training.
• Option 5) PPE ( Personal Protective Equipment)

• ANSWER: PPE
Q. 16) “Which level of Control
measures provide 50%
Effectiveness?

• Option 1) Elimination.
• Option 2) Substitution.
• Option 3) Engineering/ Isolation
• Option 4) Administration/Training.
• Option 5) PPE ( Personal Protective Equipment)

• ANSWER: Engineering / Isolation

Q. 17) “Which level of Control
measures provide 75%
Effectiveness?

• Option 1) Elimination.
• Option 2) Substitution.
• Option 3) Engineering/ Isolation
• Option 4) Administration/Training.
• Option 5) PPE ( Personal Protective Equipment)

• ANSWER: Substitution
Q. 18) “Which level of Control
measures provide 25%
Effectiveness?

• Option 1) Elimination.
• Option 2) Substitution.
• Option 3) Engineering/ Isolation
• Option 4) Administration/Training.
• Option 5) PPE ( Personal Protective Equipment)

• ANSWER: Administration/Training
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