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    Chapter 4 Hirarc

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    1) Hazard identification, risk assessment, and risk control (HIRARC) is an important method used to ensure safety precautions are in place before tasks are performed. 2) The key aspects of HIRARC include identifying hazards through observation and inspections, analyzing risks based on likelihood and severity, and implementing controls using the hierarchy of controls which prioritizes elimination, substitution, engineering controls and more. 3) Common types of hazards include physical, biological, chemical, psychological, and ergonomic hazards. Examples are provided for each type along with their potential health effects if not properly controlled.

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    Chapter 4 Hirarc

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    adlirazin24
    9 views28 pages
    1) Hazard identification, risk assessment, and risk control (HIRARC) is an important method used to ensure safety precautions are in place before tasks are performed. 2) The key aspects of HIRARC include identifying hazards through observation and inspections, analyzing risks based on likelihood and severity, and implementing controls using the hierarchy of controls which prioritizes elimination, substitution, engineering controls and more. 3) Common types of hazards include physical, biological, chemical, psychological, and ergonomic hazards. Examples are provided for each type along with their potential health effects if not properly controlled.

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    CHAPTER 4 HIRARC

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    1) Hazard identification, risk assessment, and risk control (HIRARC) is an important method used to ensure safety precautions are in place before tasks are performed. 2) The key aspects of HIRARC include identifying hazards through observation and inspections, analyzing risks based on likelihood and severity, and implementing controls using the hierarchy of controls which prioritizes elimination, substitution, engineering controls and more. 3) Common types of hazards include physical, biological, chemical, psychological, and ergonomic hazards. Examples are provided for each type along with their potential health effects if not properly controlled.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    9 views28 pages

    Chapter 4 Hirarc

    Uploaded by

    adlirazin24
    1) Hazard identification, risk assessment, and risk control (HIRARC) is an important method used to ensure safety precautions are in place before tasks are performed. 2) The key aspects of HIRARC include identifying hazards through observation and inspections, analyzing risks based on likelihood and severity, and implementing controls using the hierarchy of controls which prioritizes elimination, substitution, engineering controls and more. 3) Common types of hazards include physical, biological, chemical, psychological, and ergonomic hazards. Examples are provided for each type along with their potential health effects if not properly controlled.

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    of 28

    CHAPTER 4

    HAZARD IDENTIFICATION,
    RISK ASSESSMENT AND
    RISK CONTROL (HIRARC)

    DUW10022
    Course Learning Outcomes
    CLO1:
    Explain briefly Occupational Safety and Health (OSH)
    procedures, regulation and its compliance in Malaysia.

    CLO2:
    Initiates incident hazards, risks and safe work practices in
    order to maintain health and safe work environment.
    Introduction

    • HIRARC is an important method used to ensure all


    the work procedures and the safety precautions are
    taken into consideration before any task is
    performed.
    HAZARD
    • Any source or situation at work with a potential for
    harm to humans, in terms of injury, adverse health
    effects or ill health, damage to the environment
    and property, or any combination of these
    incidents.
    • Hazard identification is needed to identify each
    hazard that exists at work in order to conduct a
    good hazard control.
    RISK
    • The chances, probabilities or likehood of a person
    being harmed or experiencing an adverse health
    effect, based on the severity of damages and
    injuries suffered when exposed to a hazardous
    event with a specific duration.
    • It may also apply to situations with property,
    equipment loss, damages in environment or
    combinations of these events.
    • The severity of the incident is calculated based on
    qualitative and semi-quantitative assessment to
    quantify the level of risk.
    DANGER
    • Is a workplace hazard that puts workers or visitors
    at immediate risk of serious physical injuries or
    even death.
    • A dangerous incident, may be a health hazard,
    such as toxic substances, fumes, dust or gases.
    HAZARD
    HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
    • Observation
    • Survey
    • Audit
    • Research on manual, datasheet, accident report.
    • Inspection
    • Internet
    HAZARD
    JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS

    • Select the work or job task to be analysed


    • Identify the major sequence of steps for each step
    • Identify the potential hazards for each step
    • Determine the preventive measures to protect
    against hazards.
    • Develop a worker-training programme
    • Re-evaluation
    VIDEO : Job Hazard Analysis
    RISK
    RISK ASSESSMENT
    • To help determine the worker’s risk level of
    exposure to danger.
    • The supervisors and workers self-evaluate the
    risks of tasks conducted and develop the likehood
    and severity of the hazards.
    • Assessment :
    i) Qualitative assessment :
    Uses a quantitative analysis to develop the
    scales from minor to major levels of
    likehood and severity.
    RISK
    Quantitative analysis :
    Numerical values are analysed using
    statistical methods for both severity and
    likehood. Data from past accident statistics
    or from scientific research.

    ii) Semi-quantitative assessment


    Quantify the quality assessment into
    numbers of scale.
    RISK
    • RISK ASSESSMENT

    • Relative risk = L X S

    Where L = Likehood
    S = Severity
    RISK
    • Severity : Modelling the outcomes of an event or
    set of events, or by referring to experimental
    studies or past data and incident happenings.
    Eg :
    SEVERITY OCCURENCES RATING
    Catastrophic Numerous fatalities, irrecoverable property 5
    damage and productivity
    Fatal Approximately one single fatality and/or major 4
    property damage if hazard is realized
    Serious Non-fatal injury, permanent disability 3
    Minor Disabling but not permanent injury 2
    Negligible Minor abrasions, bruises, cuts first aid type injury 1
    RISK
    • Likehood : how often and how possible an
    incident could happen
    Eg :
    RISK
    RISK
    RISK INDICATOR ACTIONS
    HIGH (15-25) Requires immediate action to control the hazard using
    hierarchy of control. Action taken must be documented
    (risk assessment form), including date for completion
    MEDIUM (5-14) Requires a proper risk control plan to control the hazard
    and to apply temporary measures if required. Action taken
    must be documented (risk assessment form), including
    date for completion.
    LOW (1-4) Further reduction may not be necessary. However, if the
    risk can be resolved quickly and efficiently, control
    measures should be implemented and recorded.
    RISK CONTROL (Hierarchy of
    Control)
    • Eliminate the hazard
    - Process of removing the hazard from the
    workplace
    • Replacing the hazard (Substitute)
    - The process of changing a current process,
    substance or material into a less hazardous
    outcome.
    • Isolation
    - The process of confining the hazards in a small
    area and minimizing the exposure of hazards
    towards the workers.
    RISK CONTROL (Hierarchy of
    Control)
    • Engineering controls
    - Methods used for the design plant, equipment or
    process to minimize hazards.
    Eg : i) Redesigning procedures and process
    Isolation
    ii) Automation (dangerous processes can
    be automated or mechanized)
    iii) Barriers (A hazard can be blocked
    before it reaches workers)
    iv) Absorption (Baffles can block noise)
    RISK CONTROL (Hierarchy of
    Control)
    • Administrative controls
    - Involves planning to minimize hazardous
    exposure towards workers and visitors.
    Eg : i) Safe work procedures/policy
    ii) Scheduling maintenance (evenings or
    weekends)
    iii) Supervision and training
    iv) Job rotations
    v) Housekeeping, repair and maintenance
    programmes
    RISK CONTROL (Hierarchy of
    Control)
    • Personal protective Equipment (PPE)
    - Hazard protection equipment
    Eg : i) safety helmets
    ii) gloves
    iii) goggle
    iv) high-visibility clothing
    v) safety footwear
    vi) safety harness
    VIDEO: The Hierarchy of Controls
    VIDEO: Guidelines for Hazard
    Identification, Risk Assessment
    and Risk Control (HIRARC), 2008
    TYPES OF HAZARDS
    TYPES DEFINITION EXAMPLES EFFECTS
    1) Physical A hazard created by • Radiations Multiple injuries. Eg :
    factors within the • High expose to hearing loss, heat stress,
    environment that sunlight suffer cramps, heat
    cause harm to the • Temperature stroke
    body with or without extremes
    contact • Vibration
    TYPES OF HAZARDS
    TYPES DEFINITION EXAMPLES EFFECTS
    2) Biological Treats to the living • Blood and other body Allergies, illness and
    organism, primarily fluids disease in humans.
    that of humans, • Fungi or mold Biological agents enter
    working with animal, • Bacteria and viruses the body through
    people, or infections • Insect or animal bites inhalation (breathing),
    plant materials. • Animal and bird consumption or
    droppings absorption.
    TYPES OF HAZARDS
    TYPES DEFINITION EXAMPLES EFFECTS
    3) Chemical Expose to any • Liquids (cleaning Can enter human bodies
    chemical preparation products, paints, acid, through inhalation,
    in the workplace in solvents) ingestion and absorption.
    any form (solid, liquid • Vapors and fumes Can cause illness, skin
    or gas) from welding irritation, or breathing
    • Gases (carbon problems.
    monoxide)
    • Flammable materials
    (gasoline)
    • Pesticides
    TYPES OF HAZARDS
    TYPES DEFINITION EXAMPLES EFFECTS
    4) Stressors that • Workplace violence Referred to as mental-
    Psychological cause stress (short • Workload demands related hazards.
    term effects) and • Sexual harassment These hazards are more
    strain (long term dangerous and harder to
    effects) determine.
    TYPES OF HAZARDS
    TYPES DEFINITION EXAMPLES EFFECTS
    5) Ergonomic Occur when strain is • Improper workstations May result in ‘sore
    developed on the and chairs muscles’, serious long
    worker’s body due to • Frequent lifting term illness and
    the type of work, • Poor/wrong posture Musculoskeletal Disorder
    body positions and • Awkward movements (MSD).
    working conditions. if they are repetitive.
    • Vibration
    • Repeating the same
    movements over and
    over
    VIDEO: Types of Occupational
    Hazards, Occupational Hazards
    safety and health

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