He-Ne Laser

HELIUM-NEON LASER
ABHISHEK ROSHAN
ROLL NO:23PH4519
(NIT DURGAPUR)
CONTENT
 About Helium
 About Neon
 About Helium Neon LASER
 Construction of He-Ne LASER
 Working of He –Ne LASER
 Advantages of He- Ne LASER
 Disadvantages of He –Ne LASER
 Applications of He –Ne LASER
HELIUM
Symbol: He
Atomic mass: 4.002602 u
Atomic number: 2
Electron configuration: 1s²
WHY HELIUM IS USED IN LASER?
The indirect excitation of Ne gas inefficient, but the
direct excitation of He gas atoms is very efficient .
Also, An excited state of the He atom has an energy
level which is very similar to the energy of an excited
state of the Neon atom.
Remember Helium gas does not participate in the
lasing process, but increases the excitation efficiency.
NEON
Symbol: Ne
Atomic mass: 20.1797 u
Atomic number: 10
Electron configuration: [He] 2s²2p6
WHY NEON IS USED IN LASER ?

Neon is used in laser to produce light as It is
capable to produce light when it gets
energy from excitation of Helium.
HELIUM NEON LASER
• Helium Neon Laser consists of 90%
Helium and 10% Neon atom inside it.
• It has pressure of about 1 torr inside of a
small electrical discharge.
• This Laser light gives light of 632.8 nm
• It gives emission light in continuous beam
of laser.
• This is due to population inversion.
CONSTRUCTION OF HELIUM
NEON LASER
High voltage power source
Gain medium
Resonating Cavity
(Mixture of He-Ne)
High Voltage Power Supply
To produce Laser
beam, Population
Inversion is essential.
Population Inversion is
process of achieving
more electrons in
higher energy states as
compared to lower
energy states.As it is
quite unstable
condition, we need to
supply high enough
energy from source.
This can be achieved
by these high
Gain Medium
This is just a mixture of
90% He gas and 10% of Ne
gas. Partial pressure of He
is 1 mbar and that of Ne is
0.1 mbar. As He is in more
proportion we would have
to first excite the low
energy states of Helium
atoms.• In He-Ne active
Lasers, neon atoms are
centers (atom which
produces light).Thus, we
try to excite Ne atoms by
exciting helium atoms.
Resonating Cavity
This cavity is a glass tube
with two mirrors placed
opposite to each other.One
mirror is partially silvered
and other one is fully
silvered.This is called
Resonating Cavity because
the small portion of produced
light oscillated between
these two mirrors.While
oscillating this beam get
strengthen up and finally
after getting enough strength
the ray comes
Working of He-Ne Laser
As power switches on, a high voltage
is
 Applied across gas mixture.
(10kV approx.)
 This high voltage DC produces
energetic
 Electrons that travel through gas
mixer
 Thus, electrons accelerated
between
 Anode and cathode through the
gas.
 Mixture.
 Due to these Helium atoms get
excited.
.
(1)Metastable state electrons of
the helium atoms cannot return
to ground state by spontaneous
emission.
 Thus They can return to

ground state by transferring
energy to the lower energy
state of electrons of neon
atoms.
(2.) The lower energy state
electrons of mean atoms gain
enough energy and jumps into
higher energy states or
metastable states.
When millions of electrons of neon
excited to the metastable states, we
would achieve population inversion
state.
 After this state, electrons of neon
atoms will fall into next state with

lower energy which is called
spontaneous emission.
 Thus photons are emitted by this
transition.
 These photons oscillates back and
fourth between two mirrors until it

stimulates other excited electrons
of the neon atoms and cause them
to emit light. Finally Optical Gain is
achieved.
This process of photon
emission is called stimulated
emission of radiation.The light
or photons emitted stimulated
emission will escape through
the partially reflecting mirror or
output coupler to
produce laser light.
Advantages of He-Ne Laser
 Operates Without Damages at High
Temperature.
 Highly Stable
 Economic(Cheaper)
Price Range: (122-100000 )INR

 Light Emission in Visible Range.
Disadvantage of He-Ne
 Low Effieciency
 Low Gain
 These Lasers are Limited to Low Power
Tasks.
Application
 These Lasers are used to demonstrated
in laboratories.
 This is also Laser most commonly used in
holography.
Application
THANK YOU

He-Ne Laser

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HELIUM-NEON LASER

WHY NEON IS USED IN LASER ?

High voltage power source

 Due to these Helium atoms get

 Thus They can return to

atoms will fall into next state with

fourth between two mirrors until it

Price Range: (122-100000 )INR

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