Linear Density, Why Isn't Yarn Diameter Measured

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Linear Density/
Count Prepared By

MD. BIPLOB MIA


01706-442259
[email protected]
Year/Semester: 4/1
Session: 2023-2024

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1 • What is linear density?

2 • Why isn't yarn diameter measured?

3 • Yarn Numbering system


DISCUSS
ABOOUT 4 • Conversion formula for various Numbering System

5 • Folded Yarn

6 • Relation between yarn count and diameter

7 • Effect on measuring Linear Density

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LinearDensity/
Count
The thickness or diameter of a yarn is one
of the most fundamental properties of
yarn. However, it is not possible to
measure the diameter of a yarn in any
meaningful way.

The count of a yarn is a numerical


expression which defines its fineness. A
number indicating the mass per unit
length or the length per unit mass of
yarn.

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Whyisn'tyarn diameter
measured?

Soft and Outer Edge Thick & Thin


Compressible place

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Yarn Numbering
System
Direct System:
The direct system of denoting the linear
density based on measuring the weight per
unit length of a yarn.

Indirect system:
The indirect system of denoting linear density
based on the measuring the length per unit
weight of a yarn.

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Direct
 System
It is the fixed length system
 Higher the yarn count coarser the yarn and
 lower the yarn count finer the yarn.
 Formula:

Where,
N = Yarn count or numbering system
I = Unit of the length of the sample
W = Weight of the sample
L = Length of the sample
w= Unit weight of sample
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Direct
System
It is further classified as:
 Tex System
Decitex
Militex
Kilotex
 Denier System
 Woolen System

 Spindle System
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Direct
System
Numbering System Unit of Length (L) Unit of Weight(W)
Tex System (Tt) 1000 meters No. of Grams
Decitex (dtex) 1000 meters No. of Decigrams
Millitex (mtex) 1000 meters No. of Milligrams
Kilotex (ktex) 1000 meters No. of Kilograms
Denier (D or Td) 9000 meters No. of Grams
Woolen(American Grain) 20 Yards No. of Grain
Jute count 14,400 yards No. of Pounds (lb)

Tex Count: The tex of yarn indicates the weight in grams of 1000 meters
yarn, So that 40 Tex means 1000 meters of yarn weight 40 gram.
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Relation Between Direct
System

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Direct System
 On a cone, there is 9800m yarn which weighs 490 gm. What is the Tex
and Denier of the yarn? Ans: Tex=50, D=450

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Indirect System
 It is the fixed weight system
 Higher the yarn count finer the yarn and
 lower the yarn count coarser the yarn.
 Formula:

𝐿×𝑤
𝑁=
𝑙 ×𝑊 Where,
N = Yarn count or numbering system
L = Length of the sample
I = Unit of length of the sample
w = Unit of weight of the sample
W= Weight of the sample
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Indirect
System
It is further classified as:
 English Count System
Cotton
Woolen
Linen (Bast fiber)
 Worsted System
 Metric System

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Indirect
System
Numbering System
English Cotton Count (Ne)
Unit of Length (L)
840 yards (yds)
Unit of Weight (W)
1 pound (Ib)
Metric Count (Nm) 1000 meters/1 km 1 kg
Woolen Count (YSW) 256 yards 1 pound (Ib)
Worsted Count (NeK) 560 yards 1 pound (Ib)
Linen Count (NeL) 300 yards 1 pound (Ib)

English Cotton Count: The Ne indicates how many hanks of 840 yards
length weight of 1 pound. So that 32 Ne means 32 hanks of 840 yards i.e.
32840 yards length of 1 pound.
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Relation Between Indirect
System

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Conversion formula for various Numbering
System:
5315 5315
𝑁𝑒= 𝐷=
𝐷 𝑁𝑒

590.5 590.5
𝑁𝑒= 𝑇𝑒𝑥=
𝑇𝑒𝑥 𝑁𝑒

9000 9000
𝐷= 𝐷=
𝑁𝑚 𝑁𝑚

Example:
 Known value 32 Ne find the needed value Tex & Denier?
 Known value 1500D find the needed value of Ne & Tex?

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Some Importants Conversion Factor:

1 yard=0.9144 meter 1 gm=0.0353 oz


1 meter=1.0936 yard 1 oz=28.35 gram
1 meter= 39.37 inch 1 pound=453.56 gram
1 inch=2.54 cm 1 pound=0.4536 kg
1 cm=0.3937 inch 1 kg=2.204 pound

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Folded
Yarn
 Yarns are produced by the combination of two or more single
yarns.

There are two possible ways of referring to


folded yarns:
1. One is based on the linear density of
the constituent yarns
2. And the other is based on the resultant
linear density of the whole
yarn.

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Folded
Yarn
For Direct System
 NR=N×n
 NR=N1+N2+N3+…...+Nn Where,
NR = Ply or resultant count
For Indirect System
N,N1,N2,N3,…Nn = Single yarn count
 NR=N/n
n = Number of yarns in the ply
 1/NR=1/N1+1/N2+1/N3+……+1/Nn

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Folded
Yarn
Example:
 A ply consists of 2 single yarns, each having a count of
Nm 50, ply count? Ans: 25 Nm
 A ply consists of 2 single yarns, each having a count of
20 tex, ply count? Ans: 40 Tex

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Folded
Yarn

 What length of yarn is contained in 95 gm of yarn of Ne 50/2? Ans:

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Relation between Yarn Count and
Diameter
Let us consider, Yarn Count= N Tex
Diameter= d cm
Assuming that, Specific volume of the yarn= 1.1 cm3/gm Again,
So, weight of 1.1 cm3=1 gm
In tex system,
Length of N gm yarn=1000 m
,, ,, 1 gm ,, =

Therefore,
Length of 1.1 cm3 yarn is
Volume =
1.1=
d=
Now,

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Effecton Measuring
Linear Density
1. Sampling:
From Yarn Package
From Fabric
2. Effect on Moisture Content
3. Effect on Tension
4. Added and Subtracted Material

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Application of Yarn with different
count
Finer count : Coarser count :
 Luxury apparel  Heavy duty fabrics
 Shirting fabrics  Denim
 Lingerie and Sleepwear  Rugs and Carpets
 Fine knits  Outerwear
 Scarves and shawls  Industrial Textiles
 High quality home textile  Accessories
 Crafting and hand knitting  Home Textiles

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