Chemistry Year 10 1st Term Mms 2024-2025

WEEK
1
SECONDARY
School: CHSA
Term: First Term
Session: 2024/2025
Subject: CHEMISTRY
Class: YEAR 10
Period: 4
Educator: Mbaonu Ifeanyi
WEEK
1
SCHEME OF
Week INTRODUCTION TO WORK
Week 6 FORMULAE AND
1 CHEMISTRY EQUATIONS
Week SEPARATION TECHNIQUES Week 7 Mid term break

2
Week SEPARATION TECHNIQUES Week 8 FORMULAE AND EQUATIONS

3 CONT’D
Week PARTICULATE NATURE OF Week 9 FORMULAE AND

4 MATTER STOICHIOMETRY
Week PARTICULATE NATURE OF Week CONCEPTS OF OXIDATION

5 MATTER 10 NUMBER
DURATION WEEK
1
WEEK 1
Period 1: 50minutes
Period 2: 50minutes
Period 3: 50mintues
Period 4: 50minutes
WEEK
1
TOPIC: INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY
SUB-TOPIC:
Period 1: Definition and Branches of Chemistry
Period 2: Uses of Chemistry
Period 3: Adverse Effects of Chemicals
Period 4: Career Paths or Prospects in Chemistry
4
WEEK
1
KEY VOCABULARIES
Inorganic, organic, analytical, nuclear,
forensic, metallurgical, observation,
hypothesis, experiment, theory, scientific
law.
WEEK
1
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS:
A chart showing
Students performing experiment
Aeroplane and vehicles transport
Evironmental pollution
Building construction.
WEEK
1
WEEK
1
LEARNING OUTCOMES/SUCCESS CRITERIA:
WEEK
1
.
WEEK
1
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES ( WE DO ):
Learners will be able to:
1.explain the role of chemistry in chemistry-related

careers
2. identify house-hold items used in everyday living

(soap, handwash, detergents. creams e.t.c) as
products of chemical processes.
WEEK
1
BIG QUESTION:
Why study chemistry?
What is the relevance of
chemistry to man and his
environment?
WEEK
1
PRIOR LEARNING:
The students are familiar with
solid, liquid gases and their
properties.
WEEK
1
SETTLER ACTIVITY:
Match elements to their symbols or vice
versa
Mixing soda lime with vinegar
Quiz: Ask simple questions about basic
atomic concept.
WEEK
1
ENQUIRY QUESTIONS:
1. How does chemistry play a role in

everyday life?
2. How does chemistry contribute to
advancements in medicine and healthcare?
WEEK
1
SUGGESTED DIFFERENTIATION
STRATEGIES:
1. Students are to work in four groups by ability, interest or
learning style
2. A group work on materials that require knowledge of
chemistry and those that does not involve chemistry. (if any)
3.Work on examples of areas where chemistry are needed.
4. Interest-based projects like chemistry behind cooking or
environmental issues.
5. Find out specific areas where chemistry is needed on
medicine, forensic science and mechanical engineering.
WEEK
CONTENT ( WE DO):
1
PERIOD 1: INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY
Chemistry is a science that deals with the composition, properties
and uses of matter. It probes into the principles governing the
changes that matter undergoes.
Branches Of Chemistry
They include:
a. Physical Chemistry,
b. Inorganic Chemistry,
c. Organic Chemistry
d. Biochemistry,
e. Analytical chemistry
f. Nuclear chemistry.
WEEK
2. .
1
PERIOD 2:
Uses Of Chemistry
Chemistry has contributed
greatly in the following areas:
i. Food,
ii. Clothing,
iii. Housing,
iv. Medicine,
v. Transportation, etc.
WEEK
Period 3:
1
Career Paths Or Prospects In Chemistry
A few of the possible career fields include:
I. Chemical engineering,
II. Consumer product Chemistry,
III. Environmental Chemistry,
IV. Forensic Chemistry,
V. Medical Chemistry,
VI. Mechanical engineering,
VII. Metallurgical and Materials engineering,
WEEK
1
experimenting.
Period 4: Scientific Method Experiment: This is a sequence of
This is a step-by-step approach to the observations carried out under controlled
solutions of observable problems in science. conditions. Experiments are carried out to
It is the foundation of all scientific know whether the hypothesis is true or false.
researches. Scientific method mainly
includes: Theory: This is a tested hypothesis which is
I. Observation, found to be correct or true within the limits of
II. Hypothesis, available evidence.
III. Experiments, Scientific Law: This is a summary of the
IV. Theory, observable features of a substance
V. Scientific law. established only after the theory has been
Observations: These involve noting and extensively tested and proven true without
recording facts about natural occurrences any exception.
with the aid of our senses.
Hypotheses: These are possible or
reasonable guesses or explanations to our
observations given without testing or
WEEK
1
TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES ( I DO ):
Demonstrate burning paper vs crumpling paper
WEEK
1
GROUP ACTIVITIES ( WE DO):
Give students molecular model kits or simple materials
like toothpicks and marshmallows to build water or
methane.
Assign each group a specific elements from the periodic
table to research their properties, uses, atomic
structure and history.
WEEK
1
LESSON RECAP AND SUMMARY:
Period 1:
Chemistry as a science has many branches like
biochemistry, organic chemistry etc.
WEEK
1
Period 2: chemistry is useful in producing

varieties of can and bottle drinks.
In building, chemistry produces cement both
land work and inside water construction.
WEEK
1
Period 3:
Many carriers like Forensic Chemistry,
Medical Chemistry, Mechanical
engineering, Metallurgical and Materials
engineering strongly require knowledge
of chemistry.
WEEK
1
PERIOD 4
Period 4:
Scientific Method is a step-by-step approach to the
solutions of observable problems in science. It is the
foundation of all scientific researches. Scientific method
mainly includes:
I. Observation,
II. Hypothesis,
III. Experiments,
IV. Theory,
V. Scientific law
WEEK
ASSESMENT AND EVALUATION ( YOU DO):
1
Period 1: a) Define chemistry as a subject
b) List the branches of chemistry
Period 2: list 5 chemistry related careers.
Period 3: State the uses and adverse effect of chemistry
Period 4: Define scientific method and list the methods in correct order.
WEEK
1
ASSIGNMENT/HOMEWORK & IEP FOR SEN ( YOU DO ):
Thrice per week
Period 1:
1. Explain the relevance of chemistry to food production.
2. Explain the following:
hypothesis; theory; scientific law
Period 3:
Clearly, differentiate chemical hypothesis from chemical
law.
WEEK
1
RELEVANT REFERENCES:
1. New school chemistry for secondary
schools by Osei Yaw Ababio. AFP.,pp2-6, 5th
ed.
WEEK
MULTIMEDIA LINKS/E-RESOURCES: 1
WEEK
2
SCHEME OF
Week 6 FORMULAE AND

2

3 CONT’D


5 MATTER 10 NUMBER
DURATION WEEK
2
WEEK 2
Period 1: 50minutes
Period 2: 50minutes
Period 3: 50mintues
Period 4: 50minutes
WEEK
2
TOPIC: SEPARATION TECHNIQUES
SUB-TOPIC: Physical and Chemical Changes
Period 1: Physical and Chemical Changes
Period 2: Elements, Compounds and Mixtures
Period 3: Separation of Solid from Liquid
Period 4: Separation of Solids from Solids
32
WEEK
2
KEY VOCABULARIES
Sublimation, evaporation, fermentation,
element, compound, mixture,
homogeneous, heterogeneous, sieve,
decantation.
WEEK
2
A chart showing
Change of state of matter
Samples of homogeneous and
heterogeneous mixtures.
Laboratory apparatus decantation, filtration,
sublimation, magnetism, etc
35
36
WEEK
2
Learners will be able to
1.set up the laboratory apparatuses involved in the following

separation techniques: Filtration, decantation, evaporation to
dryness, sieving, sublimation and magnetization.
2. prepare the suitable mixtures and explain the procedures

involved in the following separation techniques: Filtration,
decantation, evaporation to dryness, sieving, sublimation and
magnetization.
WEEK
2
BIG QUESTION:
Why is separation of components in
a mixture important?
Is separation of a mixture the same

as purification? Why study chemistry?
What is the relevance of chemistry to man and his environment?
WEEK
2
PRIOR LEARNING:
The students had learn
about elements, compounds
and mixtures.
The properties of mixtures is
well known to them.
WEEK
2
SETTLER ACTIVITY:
Displace ice bowl, candle burning, vinegar and
baking soda, pieces of paper– crumble it or tear it
and later burn it.
Introduces separation methods of filtration and
evaporation and ask the students to compare it
with sedimentation and decantation.
WEEK
2
ENQUIRY QUESTIONS:
How does the knowledge of

separation techniques come into
play in everyday life
?
WEEK
2
SUGGESTED DIFFERENTIATION STRATEGIES:
1. Students are to work in three groups by ability, interest
or learning style
2. Each group will be provided with hands on experiments
to physically separate a given mixture
4. Interest-based projects like examples mixtures and
how to separate them .
5. Use diagrams, videos or animations to show
separation techniques.
WEEK
CONTENT ( WE DO):
2
PERIOD 1: Physical and Chemical Changes
Physical change is a change which is reversible and no new substances are formed.
Characteristics of Physical Change
1. No new substances are formed.
2. It is reversible.
3. The mass of the substance does not change.
4. No great heat changes except the latent heat changes.
Examples of Physical Change
5. Melting of substances (candle wax)
6. Boiling of liquids
7. Sublimation of iodine
8. Evaporation of liquids
9. Magnetization and demagnetization
10. Condensation of gases
11. Freezing of liquids
12. Dissolution of salts
WEEK
2
Chemical Change
Chemical change is a change which is not
reversible and new substances are formed.
Characteristics of Chemical Change
1. It is not reversible.
2. New substances are formed.
3. It is accompanied by heat changes.
4. The mass of the substance changes.
1. Examples of Chemical Change
2. Rusting of iron
3. Burning of substances
4. Decay of substances
5. Addition of water to quick lime
6. Fermentation
7. Addition of sodium metal into water to form
caustic soda.
WEEK
1
PERIOD 2:
ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS AND MIXTURES
An element is a pure substance that cannot be split up into two or more simpler units by ordinary
physical or chemical processes.
An element is made up of only one type of atom. Each element has its own type of atom.
This means that the atoms of one element are not the same as the atoms of another element.
Examples of elements include Ca, C, H, Fe, Hg, Ne, etc
COMPOUND
A compound is a pure substance that contains two or more elements
chemically combined. Examples are given below
Compound Elements present
Common salts (sodium Sodium, chlorine
chloride)
Carbon(IV) oxide Carbon, Oxygen
Marble ( Calcium Calcium, carbon, oxygen
trioxocarbonate (IV))
1. CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPOUNDS
2. A compound is always homogeneous.
3. The component elements are chemically combined together and cannot be separated by
physical means.
4. The components are present in a fixed ratio by mass.
5. A compound can be represented by a chemical formula.
6. The properties of a compound differ entirely from those of its component elements.
MIXTURES
Mixtures are substances formed when two or more substances (elements and/or compounds)
physically or not chemically combined. Examples include
Mixture Constituents
Air Oxygen, carbon (IV) oxide, nitrogen, rare gases, dust particles, moisture
Soil Sand, clay, humus, water, air, mineral salts
Blood Water, proteins, fat, oil, sugar, mineral salts, vitamins, hormones, enzymes,
blood cells, haemoglobin
47
4. Urine – urea, water uric acid, mineral salts.
5. Milk- water, sugar, fat, proteins, minerals salts, vitamins.
6. Palm wine – water, vitamins, sugar, alcohol, mineral salts,
yeast, proteins, fat.
7. coca-cola – water, sugar, carbon(iv) oxide, coca-cola
concentrate.
8. Sea water – water, mineral salts, bacteria, remains of
organic matter.
9. Crude oil – petrol, heavy oil, gas oil, kerosene, naphtha,
bitumen, gas, etc.
10. Brass – copper, zinc. 48
49
Differences Between Compounds And Mixtures
Compound Mixture
It is always homogeneous. It may be homogeneous or
heterogeneous
The component elements are The constituents are
chemically combined and physically combined.
cannot be separated by
physical means.
The component elements are The constituents can be
present in fixed ratio by mass. added in any ratio by mass.
Hence, they can be Hence, a mixture cannot be
represented by chemical represented by a chemical
formulae. formula.
The properties of a compound The properties of a mixture
differ entirely from those of are sum of those of its
its constituent elements. individual constituents.
WEEK
2
Period 3 :
Choice Of Separation Technique

The method used for separation depends on the
following factors:
1. Boiling point
2. Solubility
3. Magnetic property
4. Particle size
5. Melting point and
6. Nature of the components of the mixture.
SEPARATION OF SOLID FROM LIQUID
The methods below can be used to separate
solid from liquids.
Filtration
Decantation and
Evaporation to Dryness
Filtration: This method is used to separate

insoluble solid from liquid. A simple filtration
involves pouring the mixture into a folded
filter paper placed in a funnel above a conical
flask. The clear liquid that comes out of the
filter paper is called FILTRATE while the solid
on the filter paper is called RESIDUE.
Brewery, pharmaceuticals and water works
make use of this technique. 52
1 = Glass rod
2 = Retort stand with clamp
3 = Sand particles in water (mixture)
4 = Filter paper
5 = Glass funnel
6 = Beaker
7 = Filtrate
8 = Residue
Decantation
This method is also used to separate a mixture of
insoluble solid such as mud in muddy water from
liquid. The process involves allowing the solid to
settle and then carefully pouring off the top clear
liquid leaving the solid behind. The disadvantage
of this method is that it does not ensure complete
separation.
53
Evaporation To Dryness
This technique is used to separate a mixture of
soluble solid particles in a liquid medium by heating
until the liquid evaporates completely. A solution of
sodium chloride in water can be separated using
this method. The salt solution (mixture) is poured
into an evaporating dish and then heated until all
the solvents evaporate using either:
Direct heating;
or
ii. Indirect heating (by using water bath, steam bath
or sand bath)
The disadvantage of direct heating method is that it
can not be used for heat liable salts (that is, salts
that decompose on heating).Salt making industries
employ this method.
54
WEEK
2
Period 4:
Separation Of Solids From Solids
Solids may be separated from one another using the
following techniques:
Sieving,
Magnetic separation,
Sublimation.
Sublimation is a process where a substance can
change from solid to gaseous state without melting.
The reverse of this is also sublimation or deposition.
Examples of substances that sublime are iodine;
ammonium chloride; benzoic acid; carbon (IV) oxide
and naphthalene
As a separation technique, it is used in the separation
of mixtures of solids that sublime from those that do not
by heating. For instance, a mixture of ammonium
chloride and sodium chloride can be separated as
shown below.
MAGNETIC SEPARATION
SIEVING
This method is used in the separation of
This is a technique used in separating a mixture of
magnetic materials from non-magnetic
solids of different sizes using a sieve. The solid is
ones by using a magnet. The magnetic
poured onto the sieve and then agitated. The
material is attracted to the magnet leaving
agitation allow particles with smaller size than that
the non – magnetic substance behind.
of the mesh to pass through leaving behind the
The impurities in tin ore are separated
larger particles. This method is used by garri-
using this method. It can also be used to
making industries in West Africa.
separate a mixture of iron filings and sand
particles.
WEEK
2
1. Demonstrate burning paper vs crumpling paper
2. Experiment melting and freezing of water.
3. Chemical reaction between vinegar and baking
soda
4. Rusting of iron experiment
5. Demonstrate filtration of CuCO3 and CuO
6. Separation of sand from iron filings
7. Evaporation of salt to dryness.
WEEK
2
1. In groups students research on how fireworks create
both physical and chemical changes.
2. Each group create a poster illustrating examples of physical
and chemical changes.
3. Set up different experiment stations like: filtration,
evaporation, magnetic separation, decantation.
WEEK
1
Period 1: physical change do not result in new

substances while chemical change do.
Physical changes tend to be reversible whereas
chemical changes are generally irreversible.
WEEK
1
Period 2:
Matter can be classified into elements, compounds and
mixtures.
An element is a substance which cannot be split into simpler
units by ordinary chemical reactions.
A compound is a substance which contains two or more

elements chemically combined together.
A mixture contains two or more constituents which can be

easily separated by physical methods.
WEEK
2
Period 3:
Separation of solid from liquid can be
done using decantation, filtration and
evaporation to dryness.
Filtration can be applied in water
purification plants.
Evaporation to dryness is used in salt
making industries.
WEEK
2
Mixtures can be homogeneous or
heterogeneous. However, the can be
separated into individual component.
WEEK
2
Period 1:
1. Define physical and chemical changes respectively.
2. Give 4 examples each of physical and chemical changes
Period 2: . Give the differences between mixture and compound
Period 3: Explain filtration, decantation and evaporation
Period 4: Name 2 examples of mixture that can be separated by the following methods:
(a) sieving
(b) magnetic separation
(c) sublimation
WEEK
2
Thrice per week
Period 1: 1. Is there any difference between elements and
compounds? If yes! Give reason(s) for your answer. If no! Give
reason(s) for your answer. (4mks) 2. State the similarity
between elements and compounds. (2mks)
Period 3 & 4:New School Chemistry for senior secondary
school by Osei Yaw Abaio. Page 26 N0. 42 to 45.
WEEK
2
1. New school chemistry for secondary schools by Osei Yaw Ababio. AFP.,pp8-15, 5 th ed.
2. Chemistry for Cambridge IGCSE (COURSEBOOK) by Richard Harwood, Chris Millington and Ian
Lodge.
WEEK
WEEK
3
SCHEME OF
Week 6 FORMULAE AND

2

3 CONT’D


5 MATTER 10 NUMBER
DURATION WEEK
3
WEEK 3
Period 1: 50minutes
Period 2: 50minutes
Period 3: 50mintues
Period 4: 50minutes
WEEK
3
TOPIC: SEPARATION OF MIXTURES CONTD.
SUB-TOPIC:
Period 1: Separation of liquids from liquids.
Period 2: Crystallization and Fractional Crystallization.
Period 3: Chromatography.
Period 4: Criteria for purity of substances.
69
WEEK
3
KEY VOCABULARIES
Distillate, fractions, immiscible liquid,
chromatogram, seedling, retention factor
and locating agent.
WEEK
3
A chart showing
Experimental set up for distillation,
fractional distillation, separating
funnel, chromatography.
72
WEEK
3

1.set up the laboratory apparatuses involved in the following
separation techniques: Distillation, Fractional distillation,
crystallization, chromatography
2. prepare the suitable mixtures and explain the procedures involved

in the following separation techniques: Distillation, Fractional
distillation, crystallization, chromatography
3. determine the melting point of ice and the boiling point of ethanol.
WEEK
3
BIG QUESTION:
Of what importance is the knowledge of
separation of mixtures to mining, food and
chemical industries?
WEEK
3
PRIOR LEARNING:
The students had learn about
mixtures and their properties.
WEEK
3
SUGGESTED DIFFERENTIATION STRATEGIES:
1. Students are to work in three groups by ability, interest or
learning style
2. Use of videos, diagrams and infographics to illustrate
separation of mixtures.
3. use of discussion, explanations and collaborative teaching
to carry students through steps and principles of separation
methods
4. Interest-based projects like examples mixtures and how to
separate them .
5. Use diagrams, videos or animations to show separation
techniques.
WEEK
3
ENQUIRY QUESTIONS:
1.What is the role of the knowledge of separation techniques in:
Mining;
Food industries
Chemical industries;
2. List three laboratory apparatus used in the set-up for
(a). filtration
(b).evaporation to dryness
(c). sublimation
(d). fractional distillation
WEEK
3
STRATEGIES:
learning style
WEEK
CONTENT ( WE DO):
3
PERIOD 1: Separation Of Liquid From Liquid
This can be done using:
Distillation
Fractional Distillation
Separating Funnel
Distillation
This method is used to separate pure liquid from
solution e.g. pure water from sea water. The
method involves vaporizing the liquid and then
condensing the vapor to obtain pure liquid.
Distillation is used to separate a mixture of two
or more miscible liquids whose boiling points are
far apart. This method is used to get distilled
water in the laboratory. Other examples include
the following mixtures: Ethanol (b.p. 780C) and
water (b.p. 1000C)
FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION
This technique is used to separate a
mixture of two or more miscible
liquids whose boiling points are close
with the aid of fractionating
column. Fractional distillation is used
when the miscible liquids have
boiling point differences between 1
and 200C. But the difference in
the successive fractions must be
more than 100C.
For example, crude oil and air can be
separated into its various pure
fractions by this method.
USE OF SEPARATING FUNNEL
This method is used in separating
two or more immiscible liquids.
The denser liquid will be at the
bottom of the funnel and can be
tapped off leaving the lighter one
in the funnel. It can be used to
separate a mixture of: Oil and
water, Kerosine and water, etc
WEEK
3
PERIOD 2:
Crystallization Fractional Crystallization
This method is used to get out heat-liable This method relies on differences in solubilities of two
salts from solution. The process involves or more solute in the same solvent. The mixture is
concentrating the solution, heating and heated. On cooling, the solute with a lower solubility
then allowing it to cool for the crystals to will come out of the solution and get precipitated
form. leaving the one with a higher solubility in solution.
E.g. I. FeSO4. 7H2O The precipitate can then be filtered off. A solution of
II. MgSO4.7H2O potassium chloride and potassium trioxochlorate(V)
can be separated using this method.
III. CuSO4.5H2O
Uses Of Crystallization Recrystallization

I. Used in obtaining pure sugar Since it is possible for impurities to enter the crystal of
II. Used in making pure silicon used in the salt, recrystallization is used to ensure purity.
computer chips Recrystallization involves dissolving the salt in a
III. Used in the purification of antibiotics suitable hot solvent. On cooling, the crystals come out
leaving the impurities.
WEEK
3
Period 3:
Chromatography
This method is used to separate the
Types Of Chromatography
constituents of a complex mixture in They include:
solution. Initially, it was used to I. Column chromatography,
separate coloured substances but II. Paper chromatography,
now it can be used for both coloured III. Gas chromatography,
and colorless substances. This IV. Thin Layer chromatography, etc
process makes use of the fact that
various components have different
Phases In Chromatography
solubility in a particular solvent and
travel at different rates on the
There are two phases namely:
adsorbent medium 1.The mobile phase (solvent)
(chromatographic paper or Silica gel). 2. The stationary phase (the adsorbent
medium).
Paper Chromatography
This process involves spotting the mixture on one end
of
the chromatographic paper and then immersing the
paper
in a suitable solvent taking care that the spot does not
touch the solvent.
86
Retention Factor(Rf) Value
To measure how far each component
travels, the retention factor, Rf, value of the
component is calculated thus:
Rf value = distance traveled by substance
distance traveled by solvent
Chromatography is used in pharmaceuticals;
research and analytical institutions
87
WEEK
1
Period 4: Criteria for purity of substances.
Purity of Substances
Mixtures are impure substances. The impurities are removed using the appropriate
separation technique(s).
To verify the purity of substances obtained during separation, the following tests are
carried out:
FOR SOLIDS;
Melting point,
Density, etc
FOR LIQUIDS;
 Boiling point,
 Density,
 Refractive index,
 Spot on paper chromatogram, etc.
Determination Of Melting Point Of A Solid
The melting point of a given pure solid is fixed at a certain temperature.
However, an impure solid melts over a temperature range. For
instance, ice containing dissolved salt melts over a range of -5 to 0⁰C.
Therefore, impurities decrease the melting points of solids.
Determination Of Boiling Point Of A Liquid
Pure liquids have fixed boiling points whereas impure liquids boil over
temperature ranges.
For example, water containing dissolved salts can boil over a range of
100 to 110⁰C.
Hence, impurities increase the boiling points of liquids
WEEK
1
Carry out experiment on distillation of dirty water to
get pure water.
Demonstrate separation immiscible liquids lik
water and groundnut oil.
Demonstrate paper chromatography
WEEK
3
3. Create a separation process flowchart by each group on
mixtures like (e,g muddy/ sea water, air pollution) to their
components.
WEEK
1
Period 1: separation of solid from solid is by

sublimation, magnetic separation and sieving.
Separation of solid from liquid is by
decantation, filtration and evaporation to
dryness.
WEEK
3
Period 2:
separation of liquids from liquids is done by the
following methods: distillation, fractional distiilation,
separating funnel.
Distillation and fractional distillation is based on
boiling points fo the liquids.
Separation funnels is used for immiscible liquids.
WEEK
3
Period 3:
Chromatography is used to separate
complex mixtures involving colours,
pigments, dyes etc.
WEEK
3
Purity of Substances contains only one kind of substance. It shows
one spot on chromatogram.
Mixtures are impure substances. The impurities are removed using
the appropriate separation technique(s).
To verify the purity of substances obtained during separation, the
following test melting point for solids and boiling point for liquids.
WEEK
3
Period 1:
1. State the method of separating:
(a)a pure solid from its concentrated solution
(b). the component colour of a leaf
(c). a mixture of two or more solids with widely different
solubilities in the same solvent.
(d). ethanol from a mixture of ethanol and water.
:
WEEK
3
Thrice per week
You are given a mixture of four substances K, L, M and N.
K is a soluble salt, L is also soluble, but can sublime. M is
magnetic, has a high melting point and it is insoluble. N
is insoluble, non-magnetic but has a high melting point.
Briefly describe the steps (in the right order) you will use
to separate the mixture.
WEEK
3
1. New school chemistry for secondary schools by Osei Yaw
Ababio. AFP.,pp12-22, 5th ed.
2. Chemistry for Cambridge IGCSE (COURSEBOOK) by

Richard Harwood, Chris Millington and Ian Lodge.
WEEK
WEEK
4
SCHEME OF
Week 6 FORMULAE AND

2

3 CONT’D


5 MATTER 10 NUMBER
DURATION WEEK
4
WEEK 4
Period 1: 50minutes
Period 2: 50minutes
Period 3: 50mintues
Period 4: 50minutes
WEEK
4
SUB-TOPIC:
Period 1: Atomic structure
Period 2: Discovery of electron, proton and neutron.
Period 3: Atomic models
Period 4: Dalton’s Atomic Theory and modifications. Modern
Atomic Theory
102
WEEK
4
KEY VOCABULARIES
Atom, electron, proton, neutron, ions,
molecule, atomicity.
WEEK
4
A chart showing
Atomic structure of an element.
Atomic models
Dalton’s Atomic theory
105
106
107
WEEK
4

(i). Draw the atomic structure of each of the first twenty
elements
(ii). Explain Dalton’s Atomic Theory and its modifications

WEEK
4
BIG QUESTION:
1.What are the sub-atomic particles in an atom?
2. Name the scientists that discovered the atomic
particles in an atom.
WEEK
4
PRIOR LEARNING:
The students have familiar
with periodic table, elements
and compounds.
WEEK
4
SETTLER ACTIVITY:
The teacher will atomic model puzzle to

make students start thinking about parts
of atom.
WEEK
PERIOD 1:
4
PARTICULATE NATURE OF MATTER
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Proton
An atom is the smallest particle of an element that takes part in a
chemical reaction.
An atom is the smallest unit of matter that forms all chemical
elements.
Its consist of protons, electrons and neutrons.
Protons are positively charge particles found in the nucleus of an
atom.
Neutrons are neutral particles in the nucleus of an atom. Neutron
Electrons are negatively charge particles that can be found within
the orbit of an atom.
PARTICLE MASS CHARGE
PROTON 1 POSITIVE (+)
Electron
ELECTRON 1/1840 NEGATIVE (-)
NEUTRON 1 NEUTRAL
WEEK
4
WHAT IS THE NUCLEUS?
The central part of an atom composed of protons and
neutrons.
Its contains most of an atom's mass.
MOLECULE
A molecule is the smallest particle of a substance that
can exist alone and still retain the chemical properties
of that substance, be it an element or a compound. ELEMENT FORMULA OF ATOMICITY
Generally, atom(s) combine with other atom(s) to form MOLECULE
molecules. Neon Ne 1
ATOMICITY Hydrogen H2 2
The atomicity of an element is the number of atoms in
one molecule of the element. Ozone O3 3
Phosphorus P4 4
WEEK
4
IONS
An ion is any atom which has an electric charge. For example, H⁺, F⁻, etc.
A group of atoms with a single charge is called a radical. For example, OH⁻, NH4⁺,
etc.
TYPES OF ION
The two types of ions are:
1. The positively charged ions or cations, and
2. The negatively charge ions or anions
WEEK
4
John Dalton’s atomic theory states that:
1. All elements are made up of small indivisible particles called
atoms,
2. Atoms can neither be created nor destroyed,
3. Atoms of the same element are alike in every aspect and
different from atoms of all other elements,
4. When atoms combine with other atoms, they do so
in simple whole number ratios,
5.All chemical changes result from the combination or
separation of atoms.
Modification of Dalton Atomic Theory
1. Rutherford’s discovery – atom is made up of sub-particles e.g
electron, proton and neutron. Atom is not a solid indivisible solid
piece.
2. Atoms can be destroyed. The disintegration of a radioactivity atom
produces a new element and other particles.
90Th 2He + 88Ra
230 4 226
3. The discovery of isotopes has shown that not all atoms of the
same elements are the same in every aspect.
4. The statement is true for some inorganic compounds. For organic
compounds, the contains thousand of atoms per molecules .
WEEK
4
The Modern Atomic Theory
The modern atomic theory states that:
1. All matter is made up of tiny particles that may be positively charged,
negatively charged or electrically neutral.
2. Atoms of the same element are not exactly alike but may have different
masses.
3. The atoms of an element with different masses are called isotopes and
the phenomenon, isotopy.
4. Atoms of different elements can combine to form molecules.
5.The molecules of a compound have definite compositions and
structures.
WEEK
4
WEEK
5
SCHEME OF
Week 6 FORMULAE AND

2

3 CONT’D


5 MATTER 10 NUMBER
DURATION WEEK
5
WEEK 5
Period 1: 50minutes
Period 2: 50minutes
Period 3: 50mintues
Period 4: 50minutes
WEEK
5
SUB-TOPIC:
Period 1: Proton Number; Nucleon Number;
Period 2: Relative Atomic Mass; Relative Molecular Mass; Molar
Mass;
Period 3: Percentage Composition and Percentage yield

Period 4: ISOTOPY
121
WEEK
5
KEY VOCABULARIES
Proton, neutron, electron, mass number,
isotopy
WEEK
5
A chart showing
Representation of element with atomic number and mass
number.
Isotopes of elements
Atomic structure of some element.
WEEK
5
WEEK
5
(i). calculate the number of sub-atomic particles present in each

atom of different elements
(ii). explain why the relative atomic masses of elements are not
usually whole numbers.
(iii). calculate the molecular masses of different compounds.

WEEK
5
BIG QUESTION:
Why is the relative atomic mass of an element
not always a whole number?
What is it about the nature of the neutron that

made it the last of the particles to be
discovered?
WEEK
5
PRIOR LEARNING:
atomic structure.
WEEK
5
SETTLER ACTIVITY:
Bring coloured beads and elements

cards.
Explain isotopes well and emphasize
on the cause of isotopy. The hands over
the element cards to the students
WEEK
1
ENQUIRY QUESTIONS:
Define isotopy and give three examples of

elements that exhibit the phenomenon
What are the similarities and the differences

between the isotopes of the same element ?
WEEK
5
STRATEGIES:
learning style
WEEK
PERIOD 1:
1
ATOMIC NUMBER OR PROTON NUMBER (Z)
This is the number of protons in an atom of an element. It is
usually represented by the letter Z
Atomic number gives the numerical position of elements in the
periodic table.
Mass number or Nucleon number(A)
This is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
of an atom. It is usually represented by the letter A.
A = p + n where p = protons, n = neutrons.
N=A-P
A typical element X can be represented as:
WEEK
.
5
PERIOD 2:
Electrons in An Atom
An atom of an element is electrically neutral;
the net charge of an atom is zero.
It has an equal number of protons and
electrons.
Number of protons = Number of electrons
Aluminum has 13 protons and 13 electrons.
The net (overall) charge is zero.
13 protons (13+) + 13 electrons (13 -) = 0
Mass Number
The mass number represents the number of
particles in the nucleus. It is equal to the
number of protons + the number of neutrons.
E
WEEK
Period 3:
5
WEEK
5
Period 4: CALCULATION OF NUMBER OF
PROTONS, ELECTRONS AND NEUTRONS
If the mass number and atomic number of an element
EXAMPLE 2
is known, the
Consider the figure below: 3517Cl
number of neutrons can be calculated.
EXAMPLE 1 (i) How many electrons are in the
Given that an element has atomic number 11 and a element?
mass number of 23. (ii) How many neutrons does the element
calculate the number of neutrons in the atom of the have?
element (1)The element has 17 electrons. This is
SOLUTION-We can use the formula because a neutral atom has
N=A–P equal number of protons and electrons.
A = 23, P =11 , N = ? (ii) Using
N=A–P N=A–P
N = 23 – 11 N = 35 – 17
= 12 = 18 neutron
WEEK
Period 4:
5
ISOTOPY
This is the phenomenon in which
atoms of the same element have the
same atomic number or proton
number but different mass numbers or
neutron numbers. The different atoms
of an element are called isotopes
Isotopes have different mass numbers
because of differences in the number
of neutrons.
Some elements that exhibit isotopy
are carbon, hydrogen and chlorine.
137
EXAMPLE 4
138
WEEK
5
WEEK
5
WEEK
5
Period 1:
WEEK
5
Period 2:
WEEK
5
Period 3:
WEEK
5
WEEK
5
Period 1:
Period 2:
Period 3:
Period 4:
Period 5:
WEEK
5
Thrice per week
Period 1:
Period 3:
Period 5:
WEEK
5
WEEK
WEEK
5
WEEK
5
WEEK
6
SCHEME OF
Week 6 FORMULAE AND

2

3 CONT’D


5 MATTER 10 NUMBER
DURATION WEEK
6
WEEK 6
Period 1: 50minutes
Period 2: 50minutes
Period 3: 50mintues
Period 4: 50minutes
WEEK
6
SUB-TOPIC:
Period 1: Chemical equations
Period 2: word and symbol equations,
Period 3: symbols used in writing chemical equation,
Period 4: balancing of chemical equations
153
WEEK
6
KEY VOCABULARIES
Equations, symbols and formula.
WEEK
6
A chart showing
Students performing experiment
Aeroplane and vehicles transport
Evironmental pollution
Building construction.
WEEK
6
WEEK
6

(i). write word and symbol equations
(ii). apply the law of conservation of matter while

balancing chemical equations
(iii). explain why it is important to balance chemical

equations
WEEK
6
BIG QUESTION:
How can we use equations and formulae to model,
describe, and solve problems in everyday life.
Of what importance is balancing of chemical

equations to chemists?
WEEK
6
PRIOR LEARNING:
The students have learn about
atoms and molecules,
chemical symbols and
formulas and law of
conservation of mass.
WEEK
6
SETTLER ACTIVITY:
The teacher displays a few unbalanced
chemical equations and ask the
students simply count the number of
each element on both sides of the
equation.
WEEK
6
ENQUIRY QUESTIONS:
(i)What does a balanced chemical equation mean?

(ii).State the law of conservation of matter.
WEEK
6
STRATEGIES:
1.First, let students learn counting of atoms and molecules of
elements and compounds.
2. Provide simple unbalanced equations with only elements.
3. Provide guided principles and practice balancing equations.
4. Finally, balanced complex equations.
WEEK
CONTENT ( WE DO):
6
PERIOD 1:
CHEMICAL QUATIONS
A chemical equation is the symbolic representation of a chemical reaction in
the form of symbols and chemical formulas indicating the reactants and
products in a reaction and the direction in which the reaction
proceeds.
Chemical symbols
This is an abbreviation or sign which represents the name of an element.
For example, hydrogen is written as H, Sodium is written as Na, etc.
CHEMICAL FORMULA
A chemical formula is way of representing the elements and the number of
atoms in a compound.
WEEK
2H2 + O2 2H2O
6
PERIOD 2: word and
symbol equations
Word equation: is chemical equation
using the names of the substances
involved.
Eg.
Hydrogen + oxygen water
Symbol Equation
A symbol equation represents a
chemical reaction using chemical
symbols and formulas instead of
words. Eg
WEEK
Period 3:
6
State Symbols
State symbols are the signs used to
represent the physical states of the
reactants
and products in chemical equations.
They include:
s represents solid,
l represents liquid,
g represents gas, and
aq represents aqueous solution.
WEEK
6
Period 4:
Balancing Chemical Equations
The steps employed in balancing chemical Na + Cl2 2NaCl
Equations are:
1. Write the word equation for the reaction.
2Na + Cl2 2NaCl
2. Write the formulae of the reactants and Na = 2 atoms
products. Na = 2 atoms
3. Check the numbers of different atoms on
both sides of the equation to see whether
Cl = 2 atoms
the equation is balanced. Cl = 2 atoms
4. Balance the equation by placing 2Na(s) + Cl2(g) 2NaCl(s)
coefficients (numerals) in front of the
formulae of the substances in the
equation.
5. Include the state symbols in the equation.
WEEK
6
WEEK
6
WEEK
6
Period 1:
WEEK
6
Period 2:
WEEK
6
Period 3:
WEEK
6
WEEK
6
Period 1:
Period 2:
Period 3:
Period 4:
Period 5:
WEEK
6
Thrice per week
Period 1:
Period 3:
Period 5:
WEEK
6
1. New school chemistry for secondary schools by Osei Yaw Ababio.
AFP pp 27-35, 5th ed.
2. Chemistry for Cambridge IGCSE (COURSEBOOK) by Richard

Harwood, Chris Millington and Ian Lodge.
WEEK
MID TERM
BREAK
178
WEEK
8
SCHEME OF
Week 6 FORMULAE AND

2

3 CONT’D


5 MATTER 10 NUMBER
DURATION WEEK
8
WEEK 8
Period 1: 50minutes
Period 2: 50minutes
Period 3: 50mintues
Period 4: 50minutes
WEEK
8
TOPIC: CHEMICAL FORMULAE
SUB-TOPIC:
Period 1: Chemical formulae (Empirical and Molecular formulae)
Period 2: Relevant calculations involving empirical and molecular
formulae
Period 3: Vapour density and molecular mass.
181
WEEK
8
KEY VOCABULARIES
Empirical formula
Molecular formula
Vapour density
Molecular mass
WEEK
8
A flowchart showing showing:

1. How empirical and molecular formulas are
related.
2. Steps for calculating each formula
3. Formula connecting molecular mass and
vapour density.
WEEK
8
WEEK
8

i)explain the relationship between the vapour density and
(
molecular mass
(ii).calculate the empirical and molecular formula from a
given set of data involving percentage composition by mass of
elements present in a particular compound.
WEEK
8
BIG QUESTION:
Of what importance are formulae and
molecular masses of compounds to
chemists?
WEEK
8
PRIOR LEARNING:
The students have learnt
about atomic mass and how
to calculate relative molecular
mass.
WEEK
8
SETTLER ACTIVITY:
Use molecular formula cards and give
to students to label ie molecular
formular C6H12O6 or empirical formula.
CH2O
WEEK
8
PERIOD 1: Chemical Formula
Chemical formula is the collection of symbols and numbers that represent one molecule of a
compound or an element. Examples are shown below.
WEEK
8
Valency
Valency is defined as the combining power or capacity of atom of an element.
Most times, valency of atom of an element corresponds to the number of
outermost or valence electrons. For eg, Na, has a valency of +1. Thus, 11Na : 2,8,1.
More examples are shown in the table below.
Valency Rules
These are the rules used in writing the chemical formulae of substances.
They include:
1. Write the symbols of the atoms of the elements.
2. Write their individual valencies as subscripts after the symbols.
3. In the case of radicals, put the radical in a bracket and the valency as a
subscript after the bracket.
4. Exchange the valencies. 5.Drop the values wherever they appear (ignore the
charges). For example, tetraoxosulphate (VI) acid is written as follows: Hydrogen +
Tetraoxosulphate (VI) H + SO4 H+ + (SO4 ) 2- H2- + (SO4 ) + H2 SO4
EMPIRICAL FORMULA AND MOLECULAR FORMULA
The empirical formula of a compound is the simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound.
The molecular formula of a compound is the exact number of moles of atoms of the component
elements in one mole of the compound.
In order to calculate the empirical formula , the masses or percentage composition of elements
present in the compound is usually given.
The empirical formula can be determined in two steps.
1. Divide each mass by the relative atomic mass of the element. This give the mole ratio.
2. divide each of the mole ratios by the smallest ratio.
EMPIRICAL FORMULA
NOTE: If after you have divided by the smaller or smallest number and you can not get a round
figure but fractional figures, take the following steps to get a whole number ratio:
1. If ratio is 1:1.5 multiply by 2 to get 2:3.
2. If ratio is 1:1.3 mutiply by 3 to get 3:4
3. If ratio is 1:1.25 multiply by 4 to get 4:5
4. If ratio is 1:1.4 multiply by 5 to get 5:7
WEEK
1
Carry out experiment on distillation of dirty water to
get pure water.
Demonstrate separation immiscible liquids lik
water and groundnut oil.
Demonstrate paper chromatography
VAPOUR DENSITY AND MOLECULAR
same pressure and temperature
MASS
Vapour density is the density of a particular gas or vapour relative to that of hydrogen at the
Vapor Density = (Molecular Mass of the Gas)

(Molecular Mass of Hydrogen).
WEEK
3
Calculate the empirical formula of the following:
(a) 2.10g of compound A containing 0.92g of Iron and
1.18g of Chlorine.
(b) 3.33g of compound B containing 2.11g of manganese
and 1.22g of Oxygen
(c) on analysis, a compound gave the following results:
2.12g of the compound contained 0.33g of carbon. 1.82g
of the same compound contained 1.53g of sulphur.
Calculate the empirical formula of the compound.
WEEK
1
Period 1:The empirical formula of a

compound is the simplest whole number
ratio of atoms in a compound.
The molecular formula of a compound is
the exact number of moles of atoms of
the component elements in one mole of
the compound.
WEEK
8
Vapour density is the density of a particular gas or vapour
relative to that of hydrogen at the same pressure and
temperature
Vapor Density = (Molecular Mass of the Gas)

(Molecular Mass of Hydrogen).
WEEK
8
Period 1:
Calculate the empirical formula of the following
compounds
whose percentage composition by mass is given:
(a) Mg; 25.3% Cl; 74.7%
(b) N; 63.6 O; 36.4%
(c) C; 27.3 O; 72.75%
[Mg=24, Cl=35.5, N=14, O=16, C=12
WEEK
8
ASSIGNMENT/HOMEWORK & IEP FOR SEN ( YOU
DO ):
Thrice per week
1.Give the empirical formula for each of the following compounds:
(i). Water (H2O)
(ii).Glucose (C6H12O6
(iii). Butane (C4H10)
(iv).Methane (CH4)
(v). Hydrazine (N2H4)
2. Question 2 (c) (ii). WAEC 2021 ESSAY
3.Questions 3 (a) (i) and (ii) WAEC 2023 ESSAY .

WEEK
8
1.
New school chemistry for secondary schools by Osei Yaw
Ababio. AFP.,pp1-34-46, 5th ed.

WEEK
WEEK
8
WEEK
8
WEEK
8
https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!
&&p=4aa58b142cc75730JmltdHM9MTcyNTkyNjQwMC
ZpZ3VpZD0zMWM4MzE0My1mNjdhLTZhZjUtMmE0M
y0yNWEwZjdmZTZiYWEmaW5zaWQ9NTIxNA&ptn=3
&ver=2&hsh=3&fclid=31c83143-f67a-6af5-2a43-
25a0f7fe6baa&psq=CHEMICAL+FORMULA&u=a1aHR
0cHM6Ly93d3cuYnJpdGFubmljYS5jb20vc2NpZW5jZS
9jaGVtaWNhbC1mb3JtdWxh&ntb=1
WEEK
9
SCHEME OF
Week 6 FORMULAE AND

2

3 CONT’D


5 MATTER 10 NUMBER
DURATION WEEK
9
WEEK 9
Period 1: 50minutes
Period 2: 50minutes
Period 3: 50mintues
Period 4: 50minutes
WEEK
9
SUB-TOPIC:
Period 1: stoichiometry Law of conservation of matter
Period 2: law of Constant composition and
Period 3:The law of multiple proportions.Period
Period 4: Law Of Reciprocal Proportions
213
WEEK
9
KEY VOCABULARIES
Inorganic, organic, analytical, nuclear,
forensic, metallurgical, observation,
hypothesis, experiment, theory, scientific
law.
WEEK
9
A chart showing
Stoichiometry of reactions
Verifications of the laws of
chemical combination.
216
217
WEEK
9
BIG QUESTION:
How are the formulae of compounds or
stoichiometry of reactions determined?
WEEK
9
WEEK
9

(i)explain the relationship between the vapour density
and molecular mass
(ii).calculate the empirical and molecular formula from
a given set of data involving percentage composition
by mass of elements present in a particular
compound.
WEEK
9
PRIOR LEARNING:
The students have learn
about relative molecular mass
and balancing chemical
equations.
WEEK
9
SETTLER ACTIVITY:
Give them chemical equations to

produce product(s). Let the learners
know the reactants need to have the
right ratios to form desired products.
WEEK
9
ENQUIRY QUESTIONS:
List any three laws guiding chemical

combinations.
WEEK
9
STRATEGIES:
1. Students must grasp the core concepts of the laws of
chemical combination regardless of their ability, interest or
learning style.
2. Use of diagrams, flowcharts and visual aids to illustrate the
laws.
3.Use of verbal explanations and group discussions to explore
the laws.
WEEK
CONTENT ( WE DO):
9
PERIOD 1:
Law of Conservation of matter
The law of conservation of mass also know as the law of conservation of matter states that matter
is neither created nor destroy in course of any chemical reaction.
This law simply means that the total mass of the products of a chemical reaction is equal to the
total mass of the reactants.
Example 1
Sodium chloride reacts with silver trioxo nitrate (v) to produce silver chloride and sodium trioxo
nitrate (v) . Show that the chemical equation obeys the law of conservation of mass.
Solution
NaCl + AgNO3 NaNO3 + AgCl
(23+35.5)+108+14+16x3 = 23+14+16x3 + 108+35.5
58 + 170 = 85 + 143.5
228.5 = 228.5
WEEK
9
PERIOD 2:
Law of constant composition Example:
This law is also called the law of Two samples of PbS were prepared by
A. Heating a mixture of lead solid and sulphur
definite or fixed proportion, which Pb + S PbS
state that all pure samples of the B. Passing hydrogen sulphide gas into a solution
same chemical compound contain of Lead chloride.
H2S + PbCl2 2HCl + PbS
the same element combined in the
Analysis of both samples I and ii shows that in
same proportion by mass. A. 0.8g of sulphur combine with 1-4g of
This law simply means that if lead while in
B. 5.50g of lead sulphide contain 2.0g of
a substance is pure, no matter its sulphur. Show that these result illustrate the
source or method of preparation, law of constant composition
its composition is constant.
228
229
WEEK
Period 3:
9
The law of multiple proportion

The law states that if two elements A and B combine together to form
more than one compound, then the several mass of A which
chemically combine with a fixed mass of B is in a simple ratio.
The ratio could be 1:2, 2:1, 2:3 etc
WEEK
9
Period 4:
The law of Reciprocal Proportion

This law states that the masses of several element A,
B, C, which combine separately with a fixed mass of
another element, D, are the sameas or simple
multiples of the masses in which A, B, C, themselves
combine with one another.
WEEK
9
Experiment to verify the laws
Calculation of the masses to proof the laws.
WEEK
9
solve problems from New School Chemistry by
osei Yaw Ababio. Page 46 N0. 23 - 25
WEEK
9
Period 1:
The law of conservation of mass also know as
the law of conservation of matter states that
matter is neither created nor destroy in course of
any chemical reaction.
This law simply means that the total mass of
the products of a chemical reaction is equal to the
total mass of the reactants.
WEEK
9
Period 2:
Law of constant composition also
called the law of definite or fixed
proportion, which state that all pure
samples of the same chemical compound
contain the same element combined in
the same proportion by mass.
WEEK
9
Period 3:
The law of multiple proportion states
that if two elements A and B combine
together to form more than one
compound, then the several mass of A
which chemically combine with a fixed
mass of B is in a simple ratio.
WEEK
9
The law of Reciprocal Proportion states that the
masses of several element A, B, C, which combine
separately with a fixed mass of another element, D,
are the sameas or simple multiples of the masses in
which A, B, C, themselves combine with one
another.
WEEK
9
Period 1: Define the law of conservation of matter
Period 2:
Define law of constant composition and solve problems based on the law
Period 3:
Define the law of multiple proportion and solve problems based on this law
Period 4:
state the law of reciprocal proportion
WEEK
9
Thrice per week
Period 1 & 3
WEEK
9
1. New school chemistry for secondary schools by Osei Yaw Ababio.
AFP.,pp32-38, 5th ed.

3. CALCULATIONS IN CHEMISTRY for Senior Secondary Schools

E.U Akusoba and G.O Ewelukwa
AFP
Pages 24-32
WEEK
WEEK
10
SCHEME OF
Week 6 FORMULAE AND

2

3 CONT’D


5 MATTER 10 NUMBER
DURATION WEEK
10
WEEK 10
Period 1: 50minutes
Period 2: 50minutes
Period 3: 50mintues
Period 4: 50minutes
WEEK
10
SUB-TOPIC:
Period 1: oxidation number and rules for calculating oxidation number.
Period 2: calculations of oxidation number of elemnts in comounds and
ions
Period 3: IUPAC Nomenclature
Period 4: Career Paths or Prospects in Chemistry
244
WEEK
10
KEY VOCABULARIES
Oxidation number, valency, charges
WEEK
10
WEEK
10
BIG QUESTION:
Of what importance is IUPAC nomenclature to
chemists?
How do oxidation numbers help us to understand and
predict chemical reactions, especially redox
reactions?
WEEK
10
WEEK
10

(i).explain the rules for assigning oxidation numbers in
simple molecules, ions or compounds.
(ii).calculate the oxidation number of an element in a
given compound or radical.
(iii) Name inorganic compounds.
WEEK
10
PRIOR LEARNING:
electronic configuration of
elements.
WEEK
10
SETTLER ACTIVITY:
Give IUPAC name of KMnO4 and
K2Cr2O7.
The verbal explanation on how they
could name those compounds.
WEEK
1
ENQUIRY QUESTIONS:
(i). Define oxidation

(ii). Why is oxidation number important in the
IUPAC nomenclature of compounds
(iii).What are the rules for assigning oxidation
numbers?
WEEK
1
ENQUIRY QUESTIONS:
At the end of the lesson, learners should be able to:

(i).define oxidation number
(ii). state the rules for calculating oxidation number of an
element
(iii).Calculate oxidation number of an element in
compounds or ions.
(iv).state the uses of oxidation number.
WEEK
10
STRATEGIES:
1. Adjusting the lesson based on the students readiness ,
levels, interest or learning style
2. A group work on simple ions and straight forward oxidation
number.
3. Allow students to think individually on how to assign
oxidation number.
WEEK
CONTENT ( WE DO):
10
PERIOD 1: Oxidation Number
The oxidation number (or oxidation state) is a number assigned to an element in a chemical
compound that represents the number of electrons lost or gained by that element.
It indicates the charge an atom would have if the compound was composed of ions.
Oxidation number = valency + charge
RULES FOR ASSIGNING OXIDATION NUMBERS
1. The oxidation number of monatomic ion is equal in magnitude and sign to its ionic charge e.g.
the oxidation number of chloride ion, Cl-, is -1 and that of Magnesium ion, Mg2+ , is +2.
2. The oxidation number of hydrogen in a compound is always +1 except in metal hydrides. For
example NaH and LiH where it is -1.
3. The oxidation number of oxygen in a compound is always -2 except in peroxides such as H 2O2
where it is -1
4. The oxidation number of uncombined element is zero e.g. Na, Mg, Cl2, O2, Cu and Zn
5. For a neutral compound, the sum of the oxidation numbers of the atoms in the compound must
equal zero. 6. For polyatomic ions, the sum of the oxidation numbers must equal the ionic charge
7. In a compound, the more electronegative element will have negative oxidation numbers while
the more electropositive ones, positive numbers. This is true not only of ionic compounds but of
covalent molecules
WEEK
10
PERIOD 2:
Determination Of Oxidation Numbers
Example 1 Example 2
Determine the oxidation number of Sulphur in Determine the oxidation number of nitrogen
SO42- and hence write the IUPAC name. in the following compounds and hence name
SOLUTION them
S + (-2 X 4) = -2 a) N2O
S -8 = -2 b) NO2
S=8–2 c) KNO2
S = +6 d) NaNO3
Hence, the IUPAC name is Tetraoxosulphate(VI) e) NO
ion
WEEK
Period 3:
10
Calculate the oxidation number of the central element in
the following; also write their IUPAC names. b) H2PO3
(a) H3PO4 1 + P + (-2 x 3) = 0
(b) H3PO3 1+P–6=0
(c) Al2 S3 P=+6–1
(d) HBrO3 P=+5
SOLUTION Hence the IUPAC name of H2PO3
a) H3PO4 is trioxophosphate (V) acid
(1 x 3) + 2P + (-2 x 4) = 0
3+P–8=0
P=8–3
P = +5
H3PO3
(1 x 3) + P + (-2 x 3) = 0
3+P–6=0
P=6–3
P = +3
The IUPAC name of H3PO4 is tetraoxophosphate (III)
acid
WEEK
10
Period 4: Naming of Trinary Compounds
NAMING OF BINARY COMPOUNDS The following rules apply:
The following rules are used: 1. Count the number of oxygen atoms present
1. Do not change the name of the first element and represent the number by latin prefix
and this is written first. one = mono
2. Change the name of the second element to two = di
have the ending – ‘ide’ and attached to the name three = tri etc.
of the first. Eg. Oxygen becomes oxide 2. change the name of oxygen to –oxo – and
Chlorine becomes chloride attach to the latin prefix.
Hydrogen becomes hydride 3 . change the name of middle element to have
3. Where the first element has more that one the ending – ate and attach it to – oxo-
valency, the valency used is written as a roman Eg. Sulphur = sulphate
figure and placed in bracket after the name after Manganese = manganite
the name the first element. 4. Determine the oxidation number of the middle
Na2O Sodium oxide element.
FeO Iron (ii) oxide 5. Express the value of valency as a roman
Fe2O3 Iron (iii) oxide figure in bracket and placed after the name
ending in –ate.
6. End the name by putting the name acid.
WEEK
10
1. Explaining oxidation numbers are important in
understanding redox reaction
2. Review how valency of elements can be
deduced
3. Presenting the rules for assigning oxidation
number.
4. Work through the guided examples
5. Present rules for naming inorganic compounds.
WEEK
10
Calculate the oxidation number of the
underlined elements in the following compounds
K2Cr2O7
KMnO4
H3PO4
WEEK
10
Period 1:
WEEK
10
Period 2:
WEEK
10
Period 3:
WEEK
10
WEEK 10
Calculate the oxidation number of the underlined elements in the compounds and ions given below;
(i).NaNO3
(ii). CrO42-
(iii).KMnO4
(iv).ClO4-
(v). Al(NO3)3
2. Name the following compounds

HMnO4
H3P04
KHSO3
CuO
Cu2O
WEEK
10
ASSIGNMENT/HOMEWORK & IEP FOR SEN ( YOU
DO ):
Period 1: Calculate the oxidation number of the underlined elements in the
compounds and ions given below;
(i).NaNO3
(ii). CrO42-
(iii).KMnO4
(iv).ClO4-
(v). Al(NO3)3
Period 3:
Calculate the oxidation number of the underlined elements in the
following compounds
1. K2Cr2O7
2. KClO3
3. H3PO4
WEEK
10
1. New school chemistry for secondary schools by Osei
Yaw Ababio. AFP.,pp100-104, 5th ed.

3. CALCULATIONS IN CHEMISTRY for Senior

Secondary Schools E.U Akusoba and G.O Ewelukwa
WEEK

Chemistry Year 10 1st Term Mms 2024-2025

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WEEK

Week SEPARATION TECHNIQUES Week 7 Mid term break

Week SEPARATION TECHNIQUES Week 8 FORMULAE AND EQUATIONS

Week PARTICULATE NATURE OF Week 9 FORMULAE AND

Week PARTICULATE NATURE OF Week CONCEPTS OF OXIDATION

Learners will be able to:

1.explain the role of chemistry in chemistry-related

2. identify house-hold items used in everyday living

1. How does chemistry play a role in

Period 2: chemistry is useful in producing

Period 2: list 5 chemistry related careers.

Period 3: State the uses and adverse effect of chemistry

Week SEPARATION TECHNIQUES Week 7 Mid term break

Week SEPARATION TECHNIQUES Week 8 FORMULAE AND EQUATIONS

Week PARTICULATE NATURE OF Week 9 FORMULAE AND

Week PARTICULATE NATURE OF Week CONCEPTS OF OXIDATION

1.set up the laboratory apparatuses involved in the following

2. prepare the suitable mixtures and explain the procedures

Is separation of a mixture the same

How does the knowledge of

Choice Of Separation Technique

Filtration: This method is used to separate

Period 1: physical change do not result in new

A compound is a substance which contains two or more

A mixture contains two or more constituents which can be

Period 2: . Give the differences between mixture and compound

Period 3: Explain filtration, decantation and evaporation

Week SEPARATION TECHNIQUES Week 7 Mid term break

Week SEPARATION TECHNIQUES Week 8 FORMULAE AND EQUATIONS

Week PARTICULATE NATURE OF Week 9 FORMULAE AND

Week PARTICULATE NATURE OF Week CONCEPTS OF OXIDATION

Learners will be able to:

2. prepare the suitable mixtures and explain the procedures involved

Uses Of Crystallization Recrystallization

Period 1: separation of solid from solid is by

2. Chemistry for Cambridge IGCSE (COURSEBOOK) by

Week SEPARATION TECHNIQUES Week 7 Mid term break

Week SEPARATION TECHNIQUES Week 8 FORMULAE AND EQUATIONS

Week PARTICULATE NATURE OF Week 9 FORMULAE AND

Week PARTICULATE NATURE OF Week CONCEPTS OF OXIDATION

Learners will be able to:

(ii). Explain Dalton’s Atomic Theory and its modifications

The teacher will atomic model puzzle to

Week SEPARATION TECHNIQUES Week 7 Mid term break

Week SEPARATION TECHNIQUES Week 8 FORMULAE AND EQUATIONS

Week PARTICULATE NATURE OF Week 9 FORMULAE AND

Week PARTICULATE NATURE OF Week CONCEPTS OF OXIDATION

Period 3: Percentage Composition and Percentage yield

Learners will be able to:

(i). calculate the number of sub-atomic particles present in each

(iii). calculate the molecular masses of different compounds.

What is it about the nature of the neutron that

Bring coloured beads and elements

Define isotopy and give three examples of

What are the similarities and the differences

Week SEPARATION TECHNIQUES Week 7 Mid term break

Week SEPARATION TECHNIQUES Week 8 FORMULAE AND EQUATIONS

Week PARTICULATE NATURE OF Week 9 FORMULAE AND

Week PARTICULATE NATURE OF Week CONCEPTS OF OXIDATION

Learners will be able to: