Welcome

to
SCIENCE CLASS-9
Learning Competency:

Explain how the respiratory and circulatory

systems work together to transport nutrients, gases,
and other molecules to and from the different parts
of the body (S9LT-Ia-b-26)
 Do you know how
long can we survive
without the basics?
 Human Survivability
Humans can survive...

3 weeks without food........

3 days without water......
3 minutes without
air.....
 Each day we BREATHE
about 20 thousand times
The air we BREATHE OUT
has 100 times more CO2
than Oxygen we BREATHE
IN
Quarter 1: Living Things
Module 1:
Respiratory and
Circulatory System
Respiratory System Circulatory System
 Respiratory System
Breathing- the process that delivers oxygen to
where it is needed in the body and removes
carbon dioxide

Lungs- an organ that allows to breathe

 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM:
Parts and Its Functions

This organ system is

responsible for taking in
oxygen and expelling
carbon dioxide and
water vapor.
 Parts and Its Functions
Nose and Mouth (Nasal Cavity) Nose- what we normally use to inhale and exhale
The-has
nose istwowhathole
we normallycalledusenostrils
to inhale andthrough which air
passes, the skin lining both nostrils is embedded
exhale. It has two holes called with
nostrilstinythrough
hairswhichcalledair cilia
passes. The skin
lining both nostrils is embeddedCilia-
with tinyactshairslikecalled cilia, which
a filter act likedusta and other small
to catch
particles in the air we breathe
filter to catch dust and other small particles in the air we breathe. The mouth
is what we use to breathe whenMouthwe need –morewhat air than what can be taken in
we use to breathe when we need
through the nostrils, as when more
we pantairor puff
thanwhen what we are
canexhausted.
be taken in through nostrils
Parts and Its Functions
Pharynx- the opening just behind the nose and mouth
and is part of both the respiratory and digestive systems
- both food and air pass through the pharynx
- lined with tissues called tonsils-which can partially
obstruct the passage of either of the two
- ends in the esophagus and the larynx
Larynx- also known as the “voice box” because it houses
the vocal chords and the different muscles used in
producing sounds
Epiglottis- a cartilage found at the top of the larynx
- aids in closing tightly to prevent the passage of
food or liquids
 Parts and Its Functions
Trachea and Bronchi Trachea- also referred to as the “windpipe”,
Thea trachea,
tube also through
referred towhich respiratory
as the windpipe, is a tubegas
transport
through which respiratory takestakes
gas transport placeplace. It is lined with ciliated
cells to push particles- out,
linedand with ciliated
cartilage rings to cells
guard to push pressure
it against particles
when breathing. The endout, and
of the cartilage
trachea is splitrings to guard
into two it against
tubes called the
bronchi, which also havepressure when breathing
several thin-walled branches called bronchioles.
These bronchioles lead Itstoend is split
air sacs called into
alveoli,two
wheretubes
most called
of the gasthe
exchange happens. bronchi-which is also have several thin-
walled branches called bronchioles. This
bronchioles lead to air sacs called alveoli-
where most of the gas exchange happens
Parts and Its Functions

Lungs- the most essential organ for

respiration

-consists of clusters of bronchioles and

alveoli, blood vessels and elastic tissue

- main function is to transfer oxygen

into bloodstream, and to excrete
carbon dioxide to air
What happens when we breathe in
and breathe out?
Mechanism of Breathing
Inhalation (inspiration) and exhalation
(expiration) are the processes by which the
body takes in oxygen and expels carbon
dioxide during breathing.

You breathe with the help of the

diaphragm and the intercostal muscles
between your ribs.
The diaphragm is shaped like a parachute
and located below your lungs. It divides the
chest cavity from the abdomen, while
intercostal muscles are located between your
ribs.
 Mechanism of Breathing
● Breathing in (Inhalation)
When you breathe in (inhale), your
diaphragm contracts (tightens) and
moves downward. In this way, it could
provide a bigger space for your lungs to
expand in the chest cavity. Also, the
intercostal muscles help widen the area
in the chest cavity. They contract to pull
your rib cage both upward and outward
when you breathe.
As your lungs expand, air enters the
nose and mouth, traveling towards your
windpipe and into your lungs.
 Mechanism of Breathing
● Breathing out (Exhalation)

When you breathe out

(exhale), your diaphragm
relaxes and moves upward into
the chest cavity. The intercostal
muscles also relax to decrease
the area in the chest cavity.
As the space in the chest
cavity reduced, carbon dioxide is
pushed out of your lungs and
windpipe, and then out of your
nose or mouth.
Mechanism of Breathing
 Circulatory
System/
Cardiovascular
System
Heart has four chambers:

Two atria- receiving chambers of the

heart, accepting blood from the body and
from the lungs
Two ventricles-pumping chambers,
moving blood to the lungs and into the
body (separated by a thick wall of tissue
called septum
There is a valve between each atrium and
ventricle to prevent the blood from
flowing backwards.

The valves are like one-way doors that

 How the Circulatory System Works
Deoxygenated blood Oxygenated blood
throughout the body from the lungs enter
enter the heart through the heart through:
Superior Vena Cava (upper) Pulmonary vein
Inferior Vena Cava (lower)

Right atrium Left atrium

Tricuspid valve Mitral valve

Right ventricle Left ventricle

Pulmonary valve Aortic valve

Pulmonary artery Aorta

Arteries of the body

LUNGS
 The Respiratory and Circulatory Systems Working Together

Every cell in your body needs nutrients and oxygen to function, but it also needs
to get rid of waste products.
The circulatory system transports blood and other materials. It carries essential
supplies to the cells and extracts their wastes. The organization of the blood vessels in
the circulatory system also keeps oxygen-poor blood from mixing with oxygen-rich
blood.
While in respiratory system, gas exchange takes place. You can think of it as a
supply warehouse where the blood can load up oxygen (O2) and expel carbon
dioxide (CO2). The lungs of the respiratory system are the only place in your
body where gases in the blood are exchanged with gases from the atmosphere.
The respiratory and circulatory systems work closely together to maintain
homeostasis in the face of constant change. Every time you exercise, lie down to rest,
or simply stand up, you change your needs for oxygen and nutrients. As a result,
your heart speeds up or slows down and you breathe faster or slower, depending on
your activity.