GP Handout
GP Handout
GP Handout
OBJECTIVES
• Zimbabwe, located in southern Africa, has a rich and complex history that stretches back thousands of
years.
• The region was inhabited by various indigenous peoples, including the San, who were hunter-gatherers, and
later the Bantu-speaking groups, such as the Shona and Ndebele.
• In the 11th century, the Shona people established the Kingdom of Mapungubwe, which was known for its
trade connections and gold production.
• This kingdom thrived until the 14th century when it declined, giving way to the rise of the Kingdom of
Great Zimbabwe.
• Great Zimbabwe became a powerful trading and political center, known for its impressive stone structures
and vast wealth derived from gold and ivory trade.
ZIMBABWE HISTORY
• In the late 19th century, European colonial powers began to encroach on the African
continent, and Zimbabwe was no exception.
• Cecil Rhodes, a British imperialist, led the British South Africa Company (BSAC) to
acquire mineral rights in the region.
• The BSAC gradually extended its control, and in 1890, Rhodes' forces occupied
Mashonaland, establishing Fort Salisbury (now Harare) as the capital.
ZIMBABWE HISTORY
• The struggle for independence escalated into a protracted armed conflict known as the
Rhodesian Bush War.
• ZANU and ZAPU fought against the Rhodesian security forces, with support from
neighboring countries like Mozambique and Zambia.
• The war lasted until 1980 when negotiations facilitated by the British government led to
the Lancaster House Agreement.
• This agreement paved the way for elections and the establishment of an independent
state.
ZIMBABWE HISTORY
• On April 18, 1980, Zimbabwe achieved independence, and Robert Mugabe, the leader of
ZANU, became the country's first Prime Minister.
• Mugabe's government initially implemented policies aimed at reconciliation and
socioeconomic development, including education and healthcare reforms.
• The current president of the second republic of Zimbabwe – His excellence Dr E.D.
Mnangagwa.
• VPs – Honourable VP C. Chiwenga and Honourable K. Muhadhi
PROVINCES OF ZIMBABWE
• Zimbabwe is divided into ten provinces, each with its own administrative capital. Here is a list of the
provinces of Zimbabwe:
• Mashonaland Central: The administrative capital is Bindura. It is located in the northern part of the country.
• Mashonaland East: The administrative capital is Marondera. It is situated to the east of Harare, the capital
city.
• Mashonaland West: The administrative capital is Chinhoyi. It is located to the west of Harare.
• Manicaland: The administrative capital is Mutare. It is situated in the eastern part of the country, bordering
Mozambique.
• Midlands: The administrative capital is Gweru. It is located in the central part of Zimbabwe.
PROVINCES OF ZIMBABWE
• Masvingo: The administrative capital is Masvingo. It is situated in the southeastern part of the country.
• Matabeleland North: The administrative capital is Lupane. It is located in the northwestern part of
Zimbabwe.
• Matabeleland South: The administrative capital is Gwanda. It is situated in the southwestern part of the
country.
• Bulawayo: Bulawayo is both a city and a province. It is the second-largest city in Zimbabwe and serves
as the administrative capital of the province.
• Harare: Harare is both the capital city of Zimbabwe and a province. It is located in the northeast part of
the country
EXERCISE
• In which province and district do you find the following tourism destinations
1. Victoria falls
2. Kariba
3. Great Zimbabwe ruins
4. Nyanga mountain
5. Motobo
6. Chilojo cliffs
7. Chinhoyi curves
8. Chinhoyi curves
9. Mana pools
HISTORY
• National Parks Act. A legislative proclamation for establishing national parks declares
Wankie Game Reserve, Robins Game Sanctuary, Kazuma Pan, and Chimanimani
Mountains as National Parks.
1950
• Ewanrigg Botanical Gardens bequeathed to the state by the late Basil Christian and
management assumed by National Parks Department
1952
• Game Department Formed (Separate from National Parks Department) evolving into the
Department of Wildlife Conservation in the 1960s – responsible for Operation Noah,
problem animal control (quelea and elephants), game and fish surveys.
• This was the first department to recruit trained scientists into the field of conservation.
1955
• Operation Noah – 4914 including 44 Black Rhino Animals rescued from drowning from
the rising waters of Lake Kariba
1958
• By this time, there were 12 Square Units, under Thatch and 12 un- plastered rondavels
(round hut) with asbestos roofs and two primitive ablution blocks for Tourists at Hwange
Main Camp Tourist Rest Camp accommodating 48 Guests
• There was also a campsite which was an open ground and a primitive ablution. Robins
Camp had similar facilities and 24 beds.
1960
• First ever use of veterinary drugs to successfully capture and translocate Black Rhino.
1960
• Sengwa Research Station established as temporary camp for game- tsetse research. –
Warthogs were the primary host of Tsetse Fly in the area
• Nyamepi Campsite, Mana Pools National park Established
• Kyle game reserve opens
1964 - 68
• 6 Search and Reascue operations undertaken for missing persons on Mount Inyanyani.
• Guvalala Platform Hwange National Park Constructed
• Kyle Recreational Park Lodges Constructed.
1966
• Elephant Population reaches 50,000 despite culling exercises in 1966 and 1971
SISTER ORGANISATIONS UNDER THE SAME MINISTRY
• Zimparks – falls under the ministry of Environment, Climate and Wildlife Zimbabwe
• EMA
• Allied Timbers
• Forestry commission
• Meteorological services department
• Zimparks
Legal Framework Governing Zimparks as an Organisation
• MINISTRY OF
1 ENVIRONMENT,
CLIMATE AND
WILDLIFE
2 • BOARD
MEMEBRS
3
• ZIMPARKS
DIRECTOR
GENERAL
ZIMPARKS ORGANOGRAM
• NATIONAL PARKS
• RECREATONAL PARKS
• SANCTUARIES
• SAFARI AREAS
• BOTANICAL GARDENS
• BOTANICAL RESERVES
NATIONAL PARKS
• In accordance with the Parks & Wildlife Act (1996) ( Chapter 20:14 ) as amended in 2001
• National Parks- "To preserve and protect the natural landscape and scenery therein; and
• To preserve and protect wild life and plants and the natural ecological stability of wild life and
plant communities therein; for the enjoyment, education and inspiration of the public.“
• 11 National Parks , Hwange being the largest other Parks – Gonarezhou , Mana pools,
Matusadonha, Chimanimani, Vic Falls, Nyanga, chizarira, Kazuma Pan, Matobo, Zambezi
RECREATIONAL PARKS
The purposes for which safari areas are or may be constituted under
this Act shall be to preserve and protect the natural habitat and the
wild life therein in order that facilities and opportunities may be
afforded to the public for camping, hunting, fishing, photography,
viewing of animals, bird-watching or such other pursuits that may be
permitted therein in terms of this Act.“
Some of the Safari Areas include - Charara, Chete,Chirisa,
Marongora ,Matetsi, Chewore, Chipangayi, Dande, Deka, Doma,
Hartley, Hurungwe, Malipati, Sapi, Sibilobilo, Tuli, Umfurudzi
BOTANIC GARDENS
• Tasked with the protection, management and administration of the wildlife of Zimbabwe, the Parks & Wildlife Management
Authority has a proud history of sound management in conservation since 1975
• Conservation (wildlife law enforcement monitoring)
• Problem animal management
• Permits
• HWCM
• Extension and interpretation
• Quota setting
• Hunting administration
• Accommodation facilities
• Recreational activities
STAKEHOLDERS IN THE CONSERVATION AND
TOURISM INDUSTRY
• Zimparks
• Campfire
• RDC
• NGOs
• Tour operators
• Private organizations
• Individuals
HUNTING AND GUIDING ORGANIZATIONS
• When it comes to conservation, there are several relevant conventions that have been
established at the international level. These conventions serve as frameworks for
countries to collaborate and take action on various conservation issues. Here are some of
the most significant ones
CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
(CBD):
• This convention addresses the conservation of biodiversity, sustainable use of its
components, and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources.
CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED
SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (CITES):
• CITES regulates and monitors the international trade of endangered species to ensure
their survival and prevent unsustainable exploitation.
RAMSAR CONVENTION ON WETLANDS
• This convention promotes the conservation and wise use of wetlands, recognizing their
ecological value and the essential services they provide.
CONVENTION ON MIGRATORY SPECIES (CMS)
• The CMS aims to conserve migratory species and their habitats by coordinating
international efforts to protect them throughout their migration routes.
WORLD HERITAGE CONVENTION
• This convention identifies and protects cultural and natural heritage sites of outstanding
universal value, ensuring their conservation for future generations.
UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION
ON CLIMATE CHANGE (UNFCCC)
• While primarily focused on addressing climate change, the UNFCCC also recognizes the
importance of conservation and sustainable management of forests as a means to mitigate
greenhouse gas emissions.
TRANSFRONTIER CONSERVATION AREAS (TFCA)
• Transfrontier Conservation Areas (TFCAs) play a crucial role in promoting conservation and sustainable
development across international borders.
• A Transfrontier Conservation Area (TFCA) is a large-scale conservation initiative that spans national borders,
typically involving multiple countries.
• TFCAs are established to promote the conservation and sustainable management of natural resources, biodiversity,
and ecosystems in transboundary regions
• TFCAs aim to overcome the limitations imposed by national boundaries and create larger, interconnected landscapes
that allow for the free movement of wildlife, facilitate habitat connectivity, and promote ecological processes.
• They are designed to protect and conserve ecosystems, including protected areas, wildlife corridors, and other
critical habitats, which may extend across multiple countries.
TFCA
• The establishment of TFCAs requires international agreements and frameworks, which outline the
objectives, management principles, and guidelines for conservation and cooperation between
participating countries.
• These agreements may address issues such as wildlife conservation, habitat restoration, sustainable
tourism, community development, and the promotion of peace and stability in the region.
• The concept of TFCAs is based on the understanding that ecosystems do not adhere to political
boundaries and that effective conservation requires cross-border collaboration.
• By creating TFCAs, countries can collectively address conservation challenges, protect biodiversity,
maintain ecological processes, and promote sustainable development in transboundary regions.
TFCA IN WHICH ZIMBABWE IS PART OF
• Chimanimani Transfrontier Conservation Area: This TFCA spans the border between
Zimbabwe and Mozambique, focusing on the conservation of the Chimanimani
Mountains and surrounding areas.
• It includes Zimbabwe's Chimanimani National Park and Mozambique's Chimanimani
National Reserve.
• The Chimanimani TFCA aims to protect unique biodiversity, promote sustainable land
use practices, and strengthen collaboration between the two countries.
TFCA IN WHICH ZIMBABWE IS PART OF
TFCA IN WHICH ZIMBABWE IS PART OF
• Is a form of responsible travel that focuses on visiting natural areas with the goal of
conserving the environment, supporting local communities, and educating visitors about
conservation efforts.
• It is a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to tourism that seeks to
minimize negative impacts on ecosystems and maximize positive contributions to
conservation and local development.
HEALTH, SAFETY AND RESPONSIBLE TRAVEL
• Undertake best practices for storing and preparing food, kitchen cleaning, and personal
hygiene.
• Careful monitoring of perishable goods will ensure that food is safe to eat and help
reduce food waste.
Hygiene and sustainability: explain how you could replace pointless plastic in
your hunting / guiding industry context
• Single-use plastic is not safer than reusables but causes additional public health concerns once it is
discarded
• Instead of relying on products to ensure safety, it is more efficient to look at procedures for cleanliness.
• Reuse your items: Thorough washing with soap and water or spraying with disinfectant kills the virus!
Could you choose something that can be washed and reused
• Consider alternative material: For instance, could you replace cardboard instead of plastic food
containers for takeaways
• If necessary, choose recycled plastic: If plastic cannot be avoided, can you choose recycled plastic. If
plastic is recycled locally, what process could you put in place to ensure your materials are recycled
THE TOURISM ITENARARY
TOUR OPERATORS
2. Inbound Tour Operator (ITO)- creates and markets tours showcasing their home country for
overseas tourists. Understanding overseas markets help them create and promote their tours to
international travellers.
Also known as a Destination Management Company (DMA) OR Ground Agent (GA), is a locally-
based business or individual that provides holiday planning.
This includes itinerary planning and arrangement of payment for their overseas clients. Inbound tour
operators deal with both individuals and groups of international travelers
ITO may sell their services directly to tourists without the international tour operator / outbound tour
operator
TOUR OPERATORS
• Itinerary- An itinerary refers to the schedule of the full package with timings, locations,
and activities
• Ecotour - short for "ecological tour," refers to a specific type of tourism experience that
focuses on exploring and appreciating natural environments and ecosystems in a
responsible and sustainable manner.
• It involves visiting ecologically significant areas while minimizing negative impacts on
the environment and supporting conservation efforts.
SAFETY REGULATIONS, ROUTINE AND
DISCIPLINE
• They are procedures that you are expected to remember and follow whenever you are
camping with clients
• you will not allow your clients to go into water above your knees without supervision
and an approved personal floatation device
• you will use tools safely, and only after receiving instruction
• know the location of the first aid kit, the fire fighting equipment
• keep your shelter and the surrounding area tidy and free from hazards – keep your
equipment orderly and protected when not in use
• know the action to take in case of a fire, or other emergency
• human, food, and water waste will be disposed of properly at all times;
ETIQUETTE TIPS FOR CONDUCTING A
TOUR IN A PROTECTED AREA
• When conducting a tour in a protected area, it's important to follow certain
etiquette guidelines to ensure a respectful and responsible experience for both
visitors and the environment.
ETIQUETTE TIPS FOR CONDUCTING A TOUR
IN A PROTECTED AREA
LEAVE NO TRACE
• Teach and practice the principles of "Leave No Trace."
• Remind visitors to take their trash with them and dispose of it properly.
• Encourage them to minimize their impact on the environment by avoiding
littering and leaving natural objects as they were found
ETIQUETTE TIPS FOR CONDUCTING A TOUR IN A
PROTECTED AREA
BE CULTURALLY SENSITIVE
• If the protected area has cultural or indigenous significance, be respectful of local
customs, traditions, and sacred sites.
• Educate your group about cultural sensitivities and ensure they understand and
adhere to any specific guidelines or restrictions
ETIQUETTE TIPS FOR CONDUCTING A TOUR IN A
PROTECTED AREA
LEAD BY EXAMPLE
• Demonstrate responsible behavior and environmental stewardship throughout the
tour.
• Your actions and attitude can influence the behavior of your group, so set a
positive example by following the rules, showing respect, and being mindful of
the environment
ETIQUETTE TIPS FOR CONDUCTING A TOUR IN A
PROTECTED AREA
• Poisonous plants,
• biting and stinging insects,
• nuisance animals,
• lightning,
• heat and cold injuries,
• and hazardous terrain can make an otherwise enjoyable experience a
nightmare
POISONOUS PLANTS
• Contact between the sap of the plant and your skin can cause irritation,
redness, swelling and eventually blisters on your skin that can spread if
you scratch
• Your simplest defence is to wear long pants
• If you come into contact with it, clean the affected area with rubbing
alcohol if you have it, or let the area dry and then wash gently with soap
and water
INSECTS
• Heat exhaustion and heat stroke can be avoided by drinking plenty of water before and during activity in
warm weather (up to 1 litre per hour), wearing a hat and sunscreen, and by moderating activity in
extremely hot environments.
• A person suffering from heat exhaustion may be pale, dizzy, or nauseous, and have cold and clammy skin.
• They may also have a headache or cramps. In fact, a headache is often the first sign that you are
dehydrated!
• Heat exhaustion can be treated by giving the victim cool water to drink and allowing them to rest in the
shade.
• Untreated, heat exhaustion symptoms, lead to heat stroke and eventually death.
• Symptoms are all of the above getting worse, leading to disorientation and irrational or even violent
behaviour. If conscious, the victim will complain of chills and nausea and their skin will become hot and
dry as their body looses its ability to sweat
DEHYDRATION
• When you notice a thunderstorm approaching, stop whatever you are doing and take
steps to ensure your safety.
• Get out of the water, do not stay on a hill top or in an open field, stay out from under
tall single trees, and stay away from towers and poles.
• If the storm has caught you off-guard, crouch down as low as you can with your feet
close together – this will reduce the surface area of your body exposed to possible
ground current from a nearby strike.
• Place yourself in a cluster of trees, spread out 10m from other members of your team.
• Avoid depressions where water may gather as it will conduct ground current. If your
sleeping pad is dry, place it under your feet for insulation
TRADITIONAL DANCES
• Dances of the Shona
• Jerusarema mbande, Shangara, Dinhe, Mbakumba, Ngororombe, Mbira dance,
and Mhande
• Chinyambela (shangani dance)
• Ndebele dances
• Popular dances among the Ndebele include Mushongoyo, Isitshikitsha, Amabhiza
and Ingquza, imbuve
PHOBIA