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GENERAL PAPER

LEARNER PROFESSIONAL HUNTERS COURSE


ZIMBABWE INSTITUTE OF WILDLIFE CONSERVATION
ZIMBABWE PARKS AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY
GENERAL PAPER LESSON 1

OBJECTIVES

• At the end of this component, the trainee should be able to

1. Appreciate the history of Zimbabwe


2. Appreciation of the history of ZIMPARKS
3. Narrate Zimparks background
4. Describe the Zimparks organisational structure
5. Classify Zimparks estates
6. Outline services offered by Zimparks
7. Identify stakeholders in conservation and tourism
ZIMBABWE HISTORY

• Zimbabwe, located in southern Africa, has a rich and complex history that stretches back thousands of
years.
• The region was inhabited by various indigenous peoples, including the San, who were hunter-gatherers, and
later the Bantu-speaking groups, such as the Shona and Ndebele.
• In the 11th century, the Shona people established the Kingdom of Mapungubwe, which was known for its
trade connections and gold production.
• This kingdom thrived until the 14th century when it declined, giving way to the rise of the Kingdom of
Great Zimbabwe.
• Great Zimbabwe became a powerful trading and political center, known for its impressive stone structures
and vast wealth derived from gold and ivory trade.
ZIMBABWE HISTORY

• In the late 19th century, European colonial powers began to encroach on the African
continent, and Zimbabwe was no exception.
• Cecil Rhodes, a British imperialist, led the British South Africa Company (BSAC) to
acquire mineral rights in the region.
• The BSAC gradually extended its control, and in 1890, Rhodes' forces occupied
Mashonaland, establishing Fort Salisbury (now Harare) as the capital.
ZIMBABWE HISTORY

• The British administration introduced a system of racial segregation, known as apartheid,


which marginalized the indigenous population and favored white settlers.
• This led to increasing tensions and resistance from the local people.
• In 1953, the British government merged Southern Rhodesia (present-day Zimbabwe) with
Northern Rhodesia (present-day Zambia) and Nyasaland (present-day Malawi) to form
the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland.
• However, the federation was deeply unpopular among Africans, and it was dissolved in
1963
ZIMBABWE HISTORY

• During the 1960s, nationalist movements advocating for independence emerged in


Southern Rhodesia.
• The Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) and the Zimbabwe African People's
Union (ZAPU) became the main political parties seeking to end white minority rule.
• In response, the Rhodesian government, led by Prime Minister Ian Smith, declared
unilateral independence from Britain in 1965, sparking international condemnation and
sanctions.
ZIMBABWE HISTORY

• The struggle for independence escalated into a protracted armed conflict known as the
Rhodesian Bush War.
• ZANU and ZAPU fought against the Rhodesian security forces, with support from
neighboring countries like Mozambique and Zambia.
• The war lasted until 1980 when negotiations facilitated by the British government led to
the Lancaster House Agreement.
• This agreement paved the way for elections and the establishment of an independent
state.
ZIMBABWE HISTORY

• On April 18, 1980, Zimbabwe achieved independence, and Robert Mugabe, the leader of
ZANU, became the country's first Prime Minister.
• Mugabe's government initially implemented policies aimed at reconciliation and
socioeconomic development, including education and healthcare reforms.
• The current president of the second republic of Zimbabwe – His excellence Dr E.D.
Mnangagwa.
• VPs – Honourable VP C. Chiwenga and Honourable K. Muhadhi
PROVINCES OF ZIMBABWE

• Zimbabwe is divided into ten provinces, each with its own administrative capital. Here is a list of the
provinces of Zimbabwe:
• Mashonaland Central: The administrative capital is Bindura. It is located in the northern part of the country.
• Mashonaland East: The administrative capital is Marondera. It is situated to the east of Harare, the capital
city.
• Mashonaland West: The administrative capital is Chinhoyi. It is located to the west of Harare.
• Manicaland: The administrative capital is Mutare. It is situated in the eastern part of the country, bordering
Mozambique.
• Midlands: The administrative capital is Gweru. It is located in the central part of Zimbabwe.
PROVINCES OF ZIMBABWE

• Masvingo: The administrative capital is Masvingo. It is situated in the southeastern part of the country.
• Matabeleland North: The administrative capital is Lupane. It is located in the northwestern part of
Zimbabwe.
• Matabeleland South: The administrative capital is Gwanda. It is situated in the southwestern part of the
country.
• Bulawayo: Bulawayo is both a city and a province. It is the second-largest city in Zimbabwe and serves
as the administrative capital of the province.
• Harare: Harare is both the capital city of Zimbabwe and a province. It is located in the northeast part of
the country
EXERCISE

• In which province and district do you find the following tourism destinations

1. Victoria falls
2. Kariba
3. Great Zimbabwe ruins
4. Nyanga mountain
5. Motobo
6. Chilojo cliffs
7. Chinhoyi curves
8. Chinhoyi curves
9. Mana pools
HISTORY

1902 – Cecil John


Rhodes dies and leaves
Inyanga and Matopos as
State Parks
1928

• Hwange (formerly Wankie) Game Reserve established,


1934

• Gonarezhou National Park is established.


1939

• Establishment of game sanctuary, Wankie native district


• Tom farms, game sanctuary owned by HG Robins bequeathed to the state and
incorporated into Hwange National Park
1942

• Natural resources Board established


1949

• National Parks Act. A legislative proclamation for establishing national parks declares
Wankie Game Reserve, Robins Game Sanctuary, Kazuma Pan, and Chimanimani
Mountains as National Parks.
1950

• Ewanrigg Botanical Gardens bequeathed to the state by the late Basil Christian and
management assumed by National Parks Department
1952

• Game Department Formed (Separate from National Parks Department) evolving into the
Department of Wildlife Conservation in the 1960s – responsible for Operation Noah,
problem animal control (quelea and elephants), game and fish surveys.
• This was the first department to recruit trained scientists into the field of conservation.
1955

• Chinhoyi Caves declared National Park


1956

• Commercial Fishing Commences in Lake Chivero.


1958 - 63

• Operation Noah – 4914 including 44 Black Rhino Animals rescued from drowning from
the rising waters of Lake Kariba
1958

• Chizarira and Matusadonha National Parks proclaimed


1959

• Ecological Research on wildlife begins.


1960

• By this time, there were 12 Square Units, under Thatch and 12 un- plastered rondavels
(round hut) with asbestos roofs and two primitive ablution blocks for Tourists at Hwange
Main Camp Tourist Rest Camp accommodating 48 Guests
• There was also a campsite which was an open ground and a primitive ablution. Robins
Camp had similar facilities and 24 beds.
1960

• First ever use of veterinary drugs to successfully capture and translocate Black Rhino.
1960

• Archaeological Dig at Pomongwe Cave, Matopos National Park.


1962

• Vumba Botanic Gardens Campsite opens


• Main Camp Primary School Established
• Nyanga National Park administration offices constructed
1963

• Department of National Parks and Department of Wildlife Conservation merged to form


the Department of National Parks and Wildlife Management.
1964

• Sengwa Research Station established as temporary camp for game- tsetse research. –
Warthogs were the primary host of Tsetse Fly in the area
• Nyamepi Campsite, Mana Pools National park Established
• Kyle game reserve opens
1964 - 68

• Tsetse Control Programme.


1965

• 6 Search and Reascue operations undertaken for missing persons on Mount Inyanyani.
• Guvalala Platform Hwange National Park Constructed
• Kyle Recreational Park Lodges Constructed.
1966

• Zambezi National Park Lodges Constructed


• Chinhoyi Regional Offices constructed
1968

• Pit structure at Nyanga National Park restored


• Ngezi Tourist accommodation lodges constructed
• Malipati Safari Area, Manjinji pan, Mzingwane Dam proclaimed as Parks Area.
• Central Bookings Office established.
• Chizarira and Matusadonha National Parks proclaimed.
1969

• Ecological Research on wildlife begins.


• Waterbucks Head Restaurant opens at Hwange Main Camp.
1970

• Work starts on construction of Rhodes Nyanga Lodges.


• Swimuwini Rest Camp, Gonarezhou National Park Established
1972

• Umtshibi camp established in Hwange National Park


• Matetsi Safari Area established
• Nyamaneche Sanctuary established.
• Mana Pools and Chizarira National Parks Office Blocks and Laboratories completed.
1975

• Commercial Kapenta fishing in Kariba begins


• Parks and Wildife Act.
• Udu Dam Lodges opens.
1978

• Foot and Mouth Disease buffalo herd established at Mushandike.


1981

• Elephant Population reaches 50,000 despite culling exercises in 1966 and 1971
SISTER ORGANISATIONS UNDER THE SAME MINISTRY

• Zimparks – falls under the ministry of Environment, Climate and Wildlife Zimbabwe
• EMA
• Allied Timbers
• Forestry commission
• Meteorological services department
• Zimparks
Legal Framework Governing Zimparks as an Organisation

• Parks and wildlife act 20:14


• SI 202 – 072 Parks and wildlife (specially Protected Animals)
• SI 57 of 2012 Hunting of Animals and Fish
• SI 56 of 2012 Trapping of Animals
• SI 86 of 2010
• SI 85 of 2010 Import and export Quantities
• SI 26 of 1998
• SI 362 of 1990 Parks and Wildlife (General)
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

• MINISTRY OF

1 ENVIRONMENT,
CLIMATE AND
WILDLIFE

2 • BOARD
MEMEBRS

3
• ZIMPARKS
DIRECTOR
GENERAL
ZIMPARKS ORGANOGRAM

Director General – Dr. F.U. Mangwanya


Director Operations- Mr A. Musakwa
Director Scientific Services – Prof E. Gandiwa
Director International Conservation – Prof. P. Gandiwa
Director finance, Admin and HR – Mr P. Mhaka
Corporate Secretary – Ms N. Mutyambizi
Director Commercial – Ms N. Chitsika
ZIMPARKS ESTATES

• NATIONAL PARKS
• RECREATONAL PARKS
• SANCTUARIES
• SAFARI AREAS
• BOTANICAL GARDENS
• BOTANICAL RESERVES
NATIONAL PARKS

• In accordance with the Parks & Wildlife Act (1996) ( Chapter 20:14 ) as amended in 2001
• National Parks- "To preserve and protect the natural landscape and scenery therein; and
• To preserve and protect wild life and plants and the natural ecological stability of wild life and
plant communities therein; for the enjoyment, education and inspiration of the public.“
• 11 National Parks , Hwange being the largest other Parks – Gonarezhou , Mana pools,
Matusadonha, Chimanimani, Vic Falls, Nyanga, chizarira, Kazuma Pan, Matobo, Zambezi
RECREATIONAL PARKS

"The purposes for which recreational parks are or may be constituted


under this Act shall be to preserve and protect the natural features
therein for the enjoyment, benefit and recreation of the public.“
Areas surrounded with water bodies where the Authority monitors
aquatic life therein – fish, crocodiles etc
e.g. of Recreational Parks – Lake Kariba, Lake Chivero, manjirenji,
Chinhoyi curves, Lake Cunningham, Osborne, Ngezi, Umfurudzi,
Darwendale, Chinhoyi, Lake Kyle, Manjirenji, Mzingwane, Ngezi,
Sebakwe, Umfuli
SANCTUARIES

The purposes for which sanctuaries are or may be constituted under


this Act shall be to afford special protection to all animals or
particular species of animals in the sanctuary concerned for the
enjoyment and benefit of the public.
Some of the Sanctuaries include - Tshabalala, Mushandike,
Boulton, Nyamanhenche, Maniinii Pan, Melsetter Eland Area,
Mbaze Pan.
Lion enclosure: Chinhoyi, Sikato bay, Tshabalala
SAFARI

The purposes for which safari areas are or may be constituted under
this Act shall be to preserve and protect the natural habitat and the
wild life therein in order that facilities and opportunities may be
afforded to the public for camping, hunting, fishing, photography,
viewing of animals, bird-watching or such other pursuits that may be
permitted therein in terms of this Act.“
Some of the Safari Areas include - Charara, Chete,Chirisa,
Marongora ,Matetsi, Chewore, Chipangayi, Dande, Deka, Doma,
Hartley, Hurungwe, Malipati, Sapi, Sibilobilo, Tuli, Umfurudzi
BOTANIC GARDENS

"The purposes for which botanical gardens are or may be


constituted in terms of this Act shall be to propagate and cultivate
exotic and indigenous plants for the enjoyment, education and
benefit of the public."
Botanical Garden - Ewanrigg, National Botanic, Vumba, Haroni /
Rusitu
BOTANIC RESERVE

"The purposes for which botanical reserves are or may be


constituted in terms of this Act shall be to preserve and protect
rare or endangered indigenous plants or representative plant
communities growing naturally in the wild for the enjoyment,
education and benefit of the public.“
Bunga forest, Chisekera Hot Spring, Mawari Raphia Palm, Mazoe,
Pioneer, Sebakwe Acacia Karoo, Sebakwe Great Dyke Area,
Sebakwe Mountain Area, South Camp, Tingwa Ralph Palm, Tolo
River, Vumba,
FUNCTIONS OF ZIMPARKS

• Tasked with the protection, management and administration of the wildlife of Zimbabwe, the Parks & Wildlife Management
Authority has a proud history of sound management in conservation since 1975
• Conservation (wildlife law enforcement monitoring)
• Problem animal management
• Permits
• HWCM
• Extension and interpretation
• Quota setting
• Hunting administration
• Accommodation facilities
• Recreational activities
STAKEHOLDERS IN THE CONSERVATION AND
TOURISM INDUSTRY
• Zimparks
• Campfire
• RDC
• NGOs
• Tour operators
• Private organizations
• Individuals
HUNTING AND GUIDING ORGANIZATIONS

• Safari Operators Association of Zimbabwe


• Zimbabwe Professional Guides Association
• Zimbabwe Hunters Association
ZIMBABWE INSTITUTE OF WILDLIFE
CONSERVATION
• College was officially opened by the minister of Natural Resources and Tourism,
Honourable Mrs V.F. CHITEPO ON THE 21ST OF AUGUST 1987.
• The college is wholly owned by ZIMPARKS
• The Principal – Prof N. Muboko
• Long courses offered at the college – NFC, NC, ND, HND, BSc
• Short courses – LPH, Law Enforcement Monitoring, GPS, tracking,
TOURIST DESTINATIONS FOUND WITHIN
ZIMBABWE
• Trainees to identify tourism destinations of major economic and ecological importance
• Trainees to identify activities undertaken at tourist destinations
BOOKING PROCESS FOR PRODUCTS AND
SERVICES
• Zimparks offices, CBO
• Local, Regional and International bookings for different accommodation facilities
• Zimparks entry fees for various tourist destinations
• Identify entry fees payment methods
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS

• When it comes to conservation, there are several relevant conventions that have been
established at the international level. These conventions serve as frameworks for
countries to collaborate and take action on various conservation issues. Here are some of
the most significant ones
CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
(CBD):
• This convention addresses the conservation of biodiversity, sustainable use of its
components, and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources.
CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED
SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA (CITES):

• CITES regulates and monitors the international trade of endangered species to ensure
their survival and prevent unsustainable exploitation.
RAMSAR CONVENTION ON WETLANDS

• This convention promotes the conservation and wise use of wetlands, recognizing their
ecological value and the essential services they provide.
CONVENTION ON MIGRATORY SPECIES (CMS)

• The CMS aims to conserve migratory species and their habitats by coordinating
international efforts to protect them throughout their migration routes.
WORLD HERITAGE CONVENTION

• This convention identifies and protects cultural and natural heritage sites of outstanding
universal value, ensuring their conservation for future generations.
UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION
ON CLIMATE CHANGE (UNFCCC)
• While primarily focused on addressing climate change, the UNFCCC also recognizes the
importance of conservation and sustainable management of forests as a means to mitigate
greenhouse gas emissions.
TRANSFRONTIER CONSERVATION AREAS (TFCA)

• Transfrontier Conservation Areas (TFCAs) play a crucial role in promoting conservation and sustainable
development across international borders.
• A Transfrontier Conservation Area (TFCA) is a large-scale conservation initiative that spans national borders,
typically involving multiple countries.
• TFCAs are established to promote the conservation and sustainable management of natural resources, biodiversity,
and ecosystems in transboundary regions
• TFCAs aim to overcome the limitations imposed by national boundaries and create larger, interconnected landscapes
that allow for the free movement of wildlife, facilitate habitat connectivity, and promote ecological processes.
• They are designed to protect and conserve ecosystems, including protected areas, wildlife corridors, and other
critical habitats, which may extend across multiple countries.
TFCA

• The establishment of TFCAs requires international agreements and frameworks, which outline the
objectives, management principles, and guidelines for conservation and cooperation between
participating countries.
• These agreements may address issues such as wildlife conservation, habitat restoration, sustainable
tourism, community development, and the promotion of peace and stability in the region.
• The concept of TFCAs is based on the understanding that ecosystems do not adhere to political
boundaries and that effective conservation requires cross-border collaboration.
• By creating TFCAs, countries can collectively address conservation challenges, protect biodiversity,
maintain ecological processes, and promote sustainable development in transboundary regions.
TFCA IN WHICH ZIMBABWE IS PART OF

• Zimbabwe is part of several Transfrontier Conservation Areas (TFCAs) in Southern


Africa. Here are some examples:
• Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area: This TFCA encompasses parts of
Zimbabwe, South Africa, and Mozambique.
• It includes various protected areas, such as Zimbabwe's Gonarezhou National Park, South
Africa's Kruger National Park, and Mozambique's Limpopo National Park.
• The Great Limpopo TFCA aims to promote biodiversity conservation, restore wildlife
populations, and facilitate the movement of wildlife across borders.
TFCA IN WHICH ZIMBABWE IS PART OF

• Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area: Also known as KAZA TFCA,


this initiative involves Angola, Botswana, Namibia, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
• It is one of the largest TFCAs in the world and includes iconic protected areas like
Zimbabwe's Mana Pools National Park, Botswana's Chobe National Park, and Zambia's
Victoria Falls.
• KAZA TFCA aims to conserve biodiversity, promote sustainable tourism, and enhance
community livelihoods in the region.
TFCA IN WHICH ZIMBABWE IS PART OF

• Chimanimani Transfrontier Conservation Area: This TFCA spans the border between
Zimbabwe and Mozambique, focusing on the conservation of the Chimanimani
Mountains and surrounding areas.
• It includes Zimbabwe's Chimanimani National Park and Mozambique's Chimanimani
National Reserve.
• The Chimanimani TFCA aims to protect unique biodiversity, promote sustainable land
use practices, and strengthen collaboration between the two countries.
TFCA IN WHICH ZIMBABWE IS PART OF
TFCA IN WHICH ZIMBABWE IS PART OF

• Limpopo – Shashe TFCA


• ZIMOZA TFCA
• MANA – Lower Zambezi TFCA
ECOTOURISM

• Is a form of responsible travel that focuses on visiting natural areas with the goal of
conserving the environment, supporting local communities, and educating visitors about
conservation efforts.
• It is a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to tourism that seeks to
minimize negative impacts on ecosystems and maximize positive contributions to
conservation and local development.
HEALTH, SAFETY AND RESPONSIBLE TRAVEL

Hygiene and sustainability


• Maintaining a high standard of hygiene is essential for any tourism business. But
how can you apply essential hygiene protocols without compromising sustainability
standards
• If a tourist / client falls ill after visiting a restaurant or eating food from your camp, they
may assume that it’s the fault of the supplier, which will lead to a bad reputation
Hygiene and sustainability

• Undertake best practices for storing and preparing food, kitchen cleaning, and personal
hygiene.
• Careful monitoring of perishable goods will ensure that food is safe to eat and help
reduce food waste.
Hygiene and sustainability: explain how you could replace pointless plastic in
your hunting / guiding industry context

• Single-use plastic is not safer than reusables but causes additional public health concerns once it is
discarded
• Instead of relying on products to ensure safety, it is more efficient to look at procedures for cleanliness.
• Reuse your items: Thorough washing with soap and water or spraying with disinfectant kills the virus!
Could you choose something that can be washed and reused
• Consider alternative material: For instance, could you replace cardboard instead of plastic food
containers for takeaways
• If necessary, choose recycled plastic: If plastic cannot be avoided, can you choose recycled plastic. If
plastic is recycled locally, what process could you put in place to ensure your materials are recycled
THE TOURISM ITENARARY
TOUR OPERATORS

• Different types of tour operators:


1. Outbound tour operator - creates and markets international tours for people within their
own country. Usually focus on destinations, countries or regions they know well. They
partner with businesses based in host countries to give their customers a high-quality,
value-for-money tour experience.
- They offer a variety of tour packages that enable tourists across borders to travel abroad
easily.
TOUR OPERATORS

2. Inbound Tour Operator (ITO)- creates and markets tours showcasing their home country for
overseas tourists. Understanding overseas markets help them create and promote their tours to
international travellers.
Also known as a Destination Management Company (DMA) OR Ground Agent (GA), is a locally-
based business or individual that provides holiday planning.
This includes itinerary planning and arrangement of payment for their overseas clients. Inbound tour
operators deal with both individuals and groups of international travelers
ITO may sell their services directly to tourists without the international tour operator / outbound tour
operator
TOUR OPERATORS

3. DOMESTIC TOUR OPERATORS


- creates tours of the country they're based in for travellers who live in the same country.
These tour operators encourage people to see more of their homelands, such as cities and
sites within their location or other states and territories.
DEFINITION OF TERMS

• Itinerary- An itinerary refers to the schedule of the full package with timings, locations,
and activities
• Ecotour - short for "ecological tour," refers to a specific type of tourism experience that
focuses on exploring and appreciating natural environments and ecosystems in a
responsible and sustainable manner.
• It involves visiting ecologically significant areas while minimizing negative impacts on
the environment and supporting conservation efforts.
SAFETY REGULATIONS, ROUTINE AND
DISCIPLINE
• They are procedures that you are expected to remember and follow whenever you are
camping with clients
• you will not allow your clients to go into water above your knees without supervision
and an approved personal floatation device
• you will use tools safely, and only after receiving instruction
• know the location of the first aid kit, the fire fighting equipment
• keep your shelter and the surrounding area tidy and free from hazards – keep your
equipment orderly and protected when not in use
• know the action to take in case of a fire, or other emergency
• human, food, and water waste will be disposed of properly at all times;
ETIQUETTE TIPS FOR CONDUCTING A
TOUR IN A PROTECTED AREA
• When conducting a tour in a protected area, it's important to follow certain
etiquette guidelines to ensure a respectful and responsible experience for both
visitors and the environment.
ETIQUETTE TIPS FOR CONDUCTING A TOUR
IN A PROTECTED AREA

KNOW AND FOLLOW THE RULES


• Familiarize yourself with the specific regulations and guidelines established for
the protected area.
• This may include restrictions on activities, designated trails, and areas that are
off-limits.
• Ensure that you and your group comply with these rules throughout the tour
ETIQUETTE TIPS FOR CONDUCTING A TOUR IN A
PROTECTED AREA

RESPECT WILDLIFE AND THEIR


HABITATS
• Encourage your group to observe wildlife from a safe distance without disturbing
or approaching them.
• Avoid feeding, touching, or making loud noises that could stress or harm wildlife.
• Remind visitors to respect the natural habitats by not removing or damaging any
plants, rocks, or other natural resources
ETIQUETTE TIPS FOR CONDUCTING A TOUR IN A
PROTECTED AREA

STAY ON DESIGNATED TRAILS


• Stick to established paths and trails to minimize the impact on the environment
and avoid damaging delicate ecosystems.
• Discourage your group from straying off the designated routes, especially in
sensitive or fragile areas
ETIQUETTE TIPS FOR CONDUCTING A TOUR IN A
PROTECTED AREA

MINIMIZE NOISE AND DISTURBANCE


• Encourage your group to maintain a quiet and respectful atmosphere during the
tour.
• Excessive noise can disrupt wildlife, disturb other visitors, and detract from the
natural experience.
• Emphasize the importance of being considerate of others and the environment
ETIQUETTE TIPS FOR CONDUCTING A TOUR IN A
PROTECTED AREA

LEAVE NO TRACE
• Teach and practice the principles of "Leave No Trace."
• Remind visitors to take their trash with them and dispose of it properly.
• Encourage them to minimize their impact on the environment by avoiding
littering and leaving natural objects as they were found
ETIQUETTE TIPS FOR CONDUCTING A TOUR IN A
PROTECTED AREA

EDUCATE AND INSPIRE


• Provide informative and educational commentary about the protected area, its
biodiversity, and conservation efforts.
• Foster a sense of appreciation and understanding among your group, inspiring
them to become advocates for conservation
ETIQUETTE TIPS FOR CONDUCTING A TOUR IN A
PROTECTED AREA

BE MINDFUL OF GROUP SIZE


• Limit the size of your tour groups to ensure a more intimate and less disruptive
experience.
• Smaller groups allow for easier management and minimize the impact on the
environment
ETIQUETTE TIPS FOR CONDUCTING A TOUR IN A
PROTECTED AREA

BE CULTURALLY SENSITIVE
• If the protected area has cultural or indigenous significance, be respectful of local
customs, traditions, and sacred sites.
• Educate your group about cultural sensitivities and ensure they understand and
adhere to any specific guidelines or restrictions
ETIQUETTE TIPS FOR CONDUCTING A TOUR IN A
PROTECTED AREA

LEAD BY EXAMPLE
• Demonstrate responsible behavior and environmental stewardship throughout the
tour.
• Your actions and attitude can influence the behavior of your group, so set a
positive example by following the rules, showing respect, and being mindful of
the environment
ETIQUETTE TIPS FOR CONDUCTING A TOUR IN A
PROTECTED AREA

CONTINUOUSLY LEARN AND ADAPT


• Stay updated on best practices for conducting tours in protected areas. Keep
abreast of any changes in regulations, guidelines, and local recommendations.
• Continuously educate yourself about the area's ecology, conservation efforts, and
the latest research to enhance the quality of your tours
PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES TO ENSURE
SAFETY OF CLIENTS
• Be a reputable guide / hunter
• Stay informed about the destination
• Pack essentials and appropriate gear
• Stay hydrated and carry snacks
• Dress appropriately
• Be cautious with personal belongings
• Stay with the group
• Respect the environment and local culture
• Follow safety instructions
NATURAL HAZARDS

• Poisonous plants,
• biting and stinging insects,
• nuisance animals,
• lightning,
• heat and cold injuries,
• and hazardous terrain can make an otherwise enjoyable experience a
nightmare
POISONOUS PLANTS

• Contact between the sap of the plant and your skin can cause irritation,
redness, swelling and eventually blisters on your skin that can spread if
you scratch
• Your simplest defence is to wear long pants
• If you come into contact with it, clean the affected area with rubbing
alcohol if you have it, or let the area dry and then wash gently with soap
and water
INSECTS

• Tsetse, mosquitos, bees. Wasps, ticks


• Defended against by protective clothing and repellant.
• An insect can produce a condition known as "“anaphylactic shock" – where tissues
swell extensively and can constrict their airway.
• Reactions can start with headaches, fever and muscle spasms, and can develop into
widespread hives, nausea, dizziness, and difficulty breathing.
• Ticks can also cause irritation and in some cases carry harmful germs.
• Wear long pants, tucked into socks or closed at the ankle when walking in the woods,
and check your legs each day for ticks embedded in your skin
• Wash the bite with soap and water
NUISANCE ANIMALS
• Mice, squirrels, monkeys,
• Keep all food containers sealed, avoid spilling food on your clothing, and wash dishes
and cutlery away from shelters.
• Don’t feed wild animals, and dissuade animals that hang around your campsite.
• Never eat in your shelter. Hang food containers from an overhanging branch well away
from your shelter to keep persistent animals out.
• Stay out of old buildings and structures.
• Bites from animals -fox, dogs, bats, skunks are known to carry rabies.
• Squirrels, rabbits, mice and rats rarely transmit the disease –however they may carry
other infections
HEAT

• “Hypothermia” is the rapid lowering of your body’s core temperature.


• “Hyperthermia” is the raising of your body’s core temperature and comes
in two general stages:
- heat exhaustion and then heat stroke.
• Both these conditions develop over periods of continued exposure to the
elements, and can be exacerbated by poor planning and poor supervision.
HYPOTHERMIA - SYMPTOMS
• when a person is shivering and can’t stop. (At this point the condition is not serious and can be treated by
getting the person warm, dry and sheltered.)
• Warm food and drink will also help.
• Severe hypothermia starts when the person stops shivering – their body is giving up trying to stay warm.
• They will become drowsy and eventually lapse into unconsciousness and die without treatment.
• Protect yourself from wind and precipitation, keep warm and dry, make sure you are fit, well-fed and well-
rested before working in the cold.
• Frostbite happens when soft tissue freezes.
• If not properly treated, frostbite can lead to the loss of tissues or even limbs
• Prevent frostbite by wearing appropriate clothing, mitts, hat/toque, socks and footwear.
• Keep active in a cold environment and stay dry. Treat frostbite by slowly warming the affected area. Do not
allow this area to freeze again or the flesh cells will die.
HEAT EXHAUSTION AND STROKE

• Heat exhaustion and heat stroke can be avoided by drinking plenty of water before and during activity in
warm weather (up to 1 litre per hour), wearing a hat and sunscreen, and by moderating activity in
extremely hot environments.
• A person suffering from heat exhaustion may be pale, dizzy, or nauseous, and have cold and clammy skin.
• They may also have a headache or cramps. In fact, a headache is often the first sign that you are
dehydrated!
• Heat exhaustion can be treated by giving the victim cool water to drink and allowing them to rest in the
shade.
• Untreated, heat exhaustion symptoms, lead to heat stroke and eventually death.
• Symptoms are all of the above getting worse, leading to disorientation and irrational or even violent
behaviour. If conscious, the victim will complain of chills and nausea and their skin will become hot and
dry as their body looses its ability to sweat
DEHYDRATION

• The two main ways of telling if you are dehydrating are;


a. you have a headache; and
b. your urine is dark yellow, or you’ve gone 24hrs without urinating.
• Cool water, with no additives, is the best possible drink to replenish your
body
• Drink slowly, take small sips and hold the water in your mouth for a short
time before swallowing.
LIGHTNING AND DANGEROUS TERRAIN

• When you notice a thunderstorm approaching, stop whatever you are doing and take
steps to ensure your safety.
• Get out of the water, do not stay on a hill top or in an open field, stay out from under
tall single trees, and stay away from towers and poles.
• If the storm has caught you off-guard, crouch down as low as you can with your feet
close together – this will reduce the surface area of your body exposed to possible
ground current from a nearby strike.
• Place yourself in a cluster of trees, spread out 10m from other members of your team.
• Avoid depressions where water may gather as it will conduct ground current. If your
sleeping pad is dry, place it under your feet for insulation
TRADITIONAL DANCES
• Dances of the Shona
• Jerusarema mbande, Shangara, Dinhe, Mbakumba, Ngororombe, Mbira dance,
and Mhande
• Chinyambela (shangani dance)
• Ndebele dances
• Popular dances among the Ndebele include Mushongoyo, Isitshikitsha, Amabhiza
and Ingquza, imbuve
PHOBIA

• Acrophobia - Fear of heights


• Arachnophobia - Fear of spiders
• Claustrophobia - Fear of confined spaces
• Ophidiophobia - Fear of snakes
• Cynophobia - Fear of dogs
• Astraphobia - Fear of thunder and lightning
• Trypophobia - Fear of irregular patterns or clusters of small holes or bumps
• Agoraphobia - Fear of open or crowded spaces
• Glossophobia - Fear of public speaking
• Aerophobia - Fear of flying
• Hemophobia - Fear of blood
PHOBIA

• Nyctophobia - Fear of darkness or night


• Entomophobia - Fear of insects
• Social Phobia - Fear of social situations or being judged by others
• Mysophobia - Fear of germs or dirt
• Thanatophobia - Fear of death or dying
• Coulrophobia - Fear of clowns
• Dentophobia - Fear of dentists or dental procedures
• Trypanophobia - Fear of needles or injections
• Xenophobia - Fear or aversion to foreign people, cultures, or things
CHOLERA

• Causes by a bacteria – vibrio cholerae


CHOLERA PREVENTATIVE MEASURE
• Practice good hygiene: Wash your hands frequently with soap and clean water,
especially before eating, after using the toilet, and after handling potentially
contaminated items or surfaces. If clean water is not available, use an alcohol-
based hand sanitizer.
• Drink safe water: Drink only water that is safe and free from contamination. If
the water source is questionable, boil it for at least one minute or use water
purification methods such as filtration, disinfection tablets, or water purifiers
CHOLERA PREVENTATIVE MEASURES
• Use safe sanitation facilities: Use proper toilet facilities, and avoid open
defecation. If clean toilet facilities are not available, practice safe disposal of
human waste away from water sources and food areas.
• Consume safe and clean food: Eat thoroughly cooked hot foods and avoid raw
or undercooked seafood, fruits, and vegetables. Be cautious with street food and
ensure it is prepared and served in hygienic conditions
CHOLERA PREVENTATIVE MEASURES
• Maintain proper food hygiene: Wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly with
clean water, and peel them if necessary. Avoid consuming raw or uncooked foods
that may have come into contact with contaminated water or surfaces.
• Practice safe food handling: Ensure that utensils, cutting boards, and food
preparation surfaces are clean and sanitized. Avoid using contaminated water for
food preparation or washing
CHOLERA PREVENTATIVE MEASURES
• Vaccination: In areas where cholera is endemic or during cholera outbreaks,
vaccination may be recommended. Consult with a healthcare professional or travel
medicine specialist to determine if cholera vaccination is necessary for your travel
destination.

• Be cautious with water-related activities: Avoid swimming or wading in potentially


contaminated water bodies, such as rivers, lakes, or ponds, especially in areas with
reported cholera cases
• Stay informed: Stay updated on travel advisories and health alerts related to cholera
outbreaks in your destination. Follow the guidance of local health authorities and take
appropriate precautions

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