Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 1K views

    Advanced Biology: Photosynthesis

    Uploaded by

    zorbax
    Photosynthesis occurs in plants, algae, and some bacteria. It uses light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich organic molecules like glucose. Chloroplasts in plant leaves are where photosynthesis takes place. The light reactions use light to produce ATP and NADPH, and split water to release oxygen. The Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH to fix carbon from carbon dioxide into three-carbon sugar phosphates, which can then be converted into other organic molecules like starch.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF or read online from Scribd

    Advanced Biology: Photosynthesis

    Uploaded by

    zorbax
    1K views31 pages
    Photosynthesis occurs in plants, algae, and some bacteria. It uses light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich organic molecules like glucose. Chloroplasts in plant leaves are where photosynthesis takes place. The light reactions use light to produce ATP and NADPH, and split water to release oxygen. The Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH to fix carbon from carbon dioxide into three-carbon sugar phosphates, which can then be converted into other organic molecules like starch.

    Original Title

    Photosynthesis

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Photosynthesis occurs in plants, algae, and some bacteria. It uses light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich organic molecules like glucose. Chloroplasts in plant leaves are where photosynthesis takes place. The light reactions use light to produce ATP and NADPH, and split water to release oxygen. The Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH to fix carbon from carbon dioxide into three-carbon sugar phosphates, which can then be converted into other organic molecules like starch.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt or pdf
    1K views31 pages

    Advanced Biology: Photosynthesis

    Uploaded by

    zorbax
    Photosynthesis occurs in plants, algae, and some bacteria. It uses light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich organic molecules like glucose. Chloroplasts in plant leaves are where photosynthesis takes place. The light reactions use light to produce ATP and NADPH, and split water to release oxygen. The Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH to fix carbon from carbon dioxide into three-carbon sugar phosphates, which can then be converted into other organic molecules like starch.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt or pdf
    of 31

    Advanced Biology

    Photosynthesis
    Photosynthesis
     Stores light energy as the chemical energy of food
     Occurs in plants, algae, certain other protists, and some prokaryotes
    (bacteria)

    These organisms use Plants


    light energy to drive the
    synthesis of organic
    molecules from carbon
    dioxide
    and (in most cases)
    water.
    Unicellular protist Purple sulfur
    bacteria

    10 µm

    1.5 µm

    Multicellular algae Cyanobacteria 40 µm


    Chloroplasts: The Site of
    Photosynthesis in Plants
     The leaves of plants are the major sites of photosynthesis

    Leaf cross section


    Vein

    Mesophyll

    CO2 O2
    Stomata
    Mesophyll
    Chloroplasts
    Chloroplast

    5 µm

    Outer
    membrane

    Thylakoid Thylakoid Intermembrane


    Stroma Granum space space
    Inner
    membrane

    7.1 1 µm
    Capturing Sunlight

    7.2
    Summary Equation for Photosynthesis
    6 CO2 + 12 H2O + Light energy C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2 O

    C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + Chemical Energy

    Summary Equation for Respiration


    7.3
    Overview of Photosynthesis
     Light Reactions
     Occur in the grana
     Split water, release oxygen, produce
    ATP, and form NADPH
     Calvin Cycle
     Occurs in the stroma
     Forms sugar from carbon dioxide, using
    ATP for energy and NADPH for
    reducing power

    7.4
    Photosynthesis is a redox process
     Photosynthesis uses the following
    compounds:

     Water is oxidized (loses electrons)


     Broken down into Hydrogen and Oxygen

     Carbon dioxide is reduced (gains electrons)


     Combined into 5 carbon sugars

    7.5
    Photosynthesis Uses Light Energy
     What color are
    chloroplasts?

     What colors are


    absorbed by
    chloroplasts?

    7.6
    Use of Light in Photosynthesis
     Chlorophyll a is the main
    photosynthetic pigment
     The others are accessory
    pigments and pass
    energy to chlorophyll a

     The rate of
    photosynthesis roughly
    matches the absorption
    spectrum
     Why?
    7.6
    Chlorophyll a
     The main
    photosynthetic
    pigment
    Questions
     Name four photosynthetic pigments found in most
    leaves.
     At what wavelengths do each of these pigments
    absorb light? What color are these pigments?
     Look at the leaves at your table. What pigments do
    they contain? Why does the color of leaves change
    in the autumn?
    Light Energy Absorption
     When a pigment absorbs light
     Its electrons are then excited from their ground
    state to a higher energy level

    Energy
    absorbed

    Energy
    lost
    Nucleus
    The
    Photosystem
     Captures light
    energy
     Causes electrons
    to become excited
     Transfers
    electrons to an
    electron transport
    chain through the
    1° electron
    acceptor

    7.7
    The Light
    Reactions
    (noncyclic electron flow)

    How is the electron replaced?

    7.8
    The Light
    Reactions
    (noncyclic electron flow)

    6 CO2 + 12 H2O + Light energy

    C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2 O

    7.8
    The Light
    Reactions

    (noncyclic electron flow)

    How is ATP
    produced? Think
    back to respiration.

    7.8
    Key
    Higher [H+]
    Lower [H+]
    Mitochondrion Chloroplast

    MITOCHONDRION CHLOROPLAST
    STRUCTURE STRUCTURE
    H+ Diffusion
    Intermembrane Thylakoid
    space space

    Membrane
    Electron
    transport
    chain
    Chemiosmosis
    ATP
    Synthase Stroma
    in the
    Chloroplast
    Matrix
    ADP+ P
    ATP
    H+

    7.11
    The Light
    Reactions
    (noncyclic electron flow)

    7.8
    The Light
    Reactions
    (noncyclic electron flow)

    7.8
    The Products of Noncyclic Light Reactions

     Oxygen
     ATP
     NADPH (differs slightly from NADH)

    Will PSI work without PSII?

    7.9
    Cyclic Electron Flow

    WHY?
    7.10
    Review

    7.11
    The Calvin Cycle
     Occurs in the Stroma
     Requires
     ATP
     NADPH
     CO2

     Produces
     3 Carbon Sugars (which are converted to 6 carbon sugars
    in other pathways)

    7.12
    Phase 1: Carbon Fixation
    3 x 5Carbon RuBP’s 6 x 3Carbon GP’s

    3 CO2

    The Calvin
    7.13
    Cycle
    RuBP Carboxylase - RUBISCO

    4800 Amino Acids

    16 Subunits

    Most abundant protein in the biosphere (4 billion tons/year synthesized)


    Phase 2: Reduction
    ATP provides energy to reduce
    3PG to G3P

    The Calvin
    7.13
    Cycle
    Phase 3:
    Regeneration of
    RuBP
    5 x 3Carbon 3 x 5Carbon

    The Calvin
    7.13
    Cycle
    The Calvin Cycle
     Each Turn
     1 CO2 is Fixed
     2 NADPH are used
     3 ATP are used
     2 G3P’s are generated
    Regeneration
    5 3Carbon Molecules 3 5Carbon Molecules

    7.14
    Light reaction Calvin cycle
    H2O CO2
    Photosynthesis:
    Light
    NADP+
    ADP
    +P1
    RuBP 3-Phosphoglycerate Review
    Photosystem II
    Electron transport chain
    Photosystem I
    ATP G3P
    NADPH Starch
    (storage)
    Amino acids
    Fatty acids
    Chloroplast
    O2 Sucrose (export)

    Light reactions:
    • Are carried out by molecules in the Calvin cycle reactions:
    thylakoid membranes • Take place in the stroma
    • Convert light energy to the chemical • Use ATP and NADPH to convert
    energy of ATP and NADPH CO2 to the sugar G3P
    • Split H2O and release O2 to the • Return ADP, inorganic phosphate,
    atmosphere and NADP+ to the light reactions

    You might also like