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I N M I D D L E A N D L AT E A D O L E S C E N C E
 REVIEW
• Several important topics related to adolescence
1. The different changes you underwent as an adolescent (physically,
mentally, socially, emotionally, morally, and psychologically)
2. The various challenges/problems that you face as an adolescent
3. Stress and how this affects one’s physical health, and the
importance of coping as a strategy in dealing with stress
• In this chapter, we will look at the concept of mental health
and well-being, and why this is important, particularly to
the adolescent, and to every person in general.
INTERPET THIS BIBLE QUOTATION
 MENTAL HEALTH
• It’s the way your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
affect your life.
• Good mental health leads to positive self-image and in-
turn, satisfying relationships with friends and others.
• It also helps determine how we handle stress, relate to
others, and make choices.
• Having good mental health helps you make good
decisions and deal with life’s challenges at home, work,
or school.
 WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION

• Mental health is a state of well-being in which the

individual realises his or her own abilities, can cope
with the normal stresses of life, can work
productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a
contribution to his or her community.
• Mental health is our ability to respond to challenges.

• What kind of challenges? It could be anything from:

1. A sudden encounter with a snake
2. Reviewing for an upcoming exam
3. It could be something physical like an illness
4. Something social like bullying or being left-out
5. It could be an all-consuming crush on someone
6. Or a to-do list the size of a mountain
7. It could be an argument with your family
8. Or a difficult essay
9. Or a death of a parent

• The fact is life rarely goes the way we plan. And

whenever we are hit by trials and challenges, mental
health is our ability to bounce back and stay on
course.
 HOW DO YOU GET THIS ABILITY?
Are you born with it?
NO. Mental health can change and the things that tend to shape it are
called risk factors and protective factors.

1. Protective factors
• Sense of self-efficacy – one’s perception of one’s value and worth,
effectiveness, and ability in performing a task or activity
• Mental health and well-being is also anchored on one’s self-worth and
value or self-esteem.
 SELF-ESTEEM AND BODY ESTEEM
• Does any of this sound familiar?
• "I'm too tall."
• "I'm too short."
• "I'm too skinny."
• “I’m too fat.”
• "If only I were shorter/taller/had
curly hair/straight hair/a smaller
nose/longer legs, I'd be happy."
Are you putting yourself down? If so, you're not alone.

As a teen, you're going through lots of changes in your

body.

And, as your body changes, so does your image of

yourself.

It's not always easy to like every part of your looks, but
when you get stuck on the negatives it can really bring
down your self-esteem.
 WHY ARE SELF-ESTEEM AND BODY
IMAGE IMPORTANT?
• Self-esteem is all about how much you feel you are worth — and
how much you feel other people value you.
• Self-esteem is important because feeling good about yourself can
affect your mental health and how you behave.
• People with high self-esteem know themselves well. They're
realistic and find friends that like and appreciate them for who they
are. People with high self-esteem usually feel more in control of
their lives and know their own strengths and weaknesses.
 WHAT IS BODY IMAGE?
• Body image is how you view your physical self —
including whether you feel you are attractive and whether
others like your looks. For many people, especially people
in their early teens, body image can be closely linked to
self-esteem.
 WHAT INFLUENCES A PERSON'S SELF-
ESTEEM?
1. PUBERTY AND DEVELOPMENT
Some people struggle with their self-
esteem and body image when they begin
puberty because it's a time when the body
goes through many changes. These
changes, combined with wanting to feel
accepted by our friends, means it can be
tempting to compare ourselves with others.
The trouble with that is, not everyone
grows or develops at the same time or in
the same way.
2. Media Images and Other
Outside Influences
Our early teens are a time when we
become more aware of celebrities and
media images — as well as how other
kids look and how we fit in.
We might start to compare ourselves
with other people or media images
("ideals" that are frequently covered
up). All of this can affect how we feel
about ourselves and our bodies even
as we grow into our teens.
3. Families and School
Family life can sometimes influence our body image.
Family members might struggle with their own body image or
criticize their kids' looks ("why do you wear your hair so long?"
or "how come you can't wear skirts that fit you?").
This can all influence a person's self-esteem, especially if they're
sensitive to others peoples' comments.

People also may experience negative comments and hurtful

teasing about the way they look from classmates and peers.
Although these often come from ignorance, sometimes they can
affect body image and self-esteem.
• Things That Tend to
Shape Mental Health
1. Protective factors
• A supportive family
• Or strong friendships
2. Risk factors
• Chronic illness
• Or low socio-economic
status
 EXAMPLE OF A MENTAL HEALTH AND
WELL-BEING MODEL
• The Wheel of Wellness model
includes what is referred to as
the five life tasks developed in
1991 by Witmer and Sweeney:
1. Essence or spirituality
2. Work and leisure
3. Friendship
4. Love
5. Self-direction
• Related to these five tasks are 6. Sense of humor
twelve sub-tasks as major 7. Nutrition
components of wellness or 8. Physical exercise
well-being that comprise the
Wheel of Wellness. These are: 9. Self-care
1. Sense of worth 10. Stress management
2. Sense of control 11. Gender identity
3. Realistic beliefs 12. Cultural identity (Note: This
may or may not apply to
4. Emotional awareness and every Filipino, but we do
coping have cultural and regional
5. Problem solving and differences that need to be
creativity understood and accepted.)
• It is important that the five tasks are balanced in
terms of time spent on each one, and of course, on
the amount of energy one gives to fulfilling each of
the tasks.
• The 12 sub-tasks are more of what one needs to own
and practice to achieve mental health and well-being.
• In addition to the components, maintaining good
mental health and well-being requires resiliency and
adaptability, two important skills that needs to be
developed in every person particularly the
adolescent.
WHAT IS RESILIENCY?
• Resiliency – the capacity to
establish and maintain one’s
balance and well-being in the
face of adversity.

• It is the ability to get back on

one’s feet after a disaster or a
crisis.
 WHAT IS ADAPTABILITY?
• Adaptability – the capacity to adjust to changes
necessary for one’s survival and balance.
 HEALTHY SELF-CONCEPT AT THE CORE OF
MENTAL HEALTH AND WELL-BEING
• Having a positive regard for oneself means looking at
oneself as someone who is worth loving and worth caring
for, regardless of physical flaws and defects, regardless of
what other people perceive him to be, and in spite of the
thoughts, feelings, and behavior one experiences.
• It is about understanding and accepting one’s personality,
uniqueness, and individuality.
• Having a positive warm regard for oneself is also about
seeing one’s strengths, challenges and successes, as well
as the stumbling blocks that come along the way in one’s
search for meaning and happiness.

• Having a wonderful self-concept is about having a

spirituality that provides philosophical and existential
meaning to one’s life, and about one’s relationship with
his perceived Supreme Being.
• Having a healthy self-concept is also about
embracing meaningful universal human values that
define who you are, and how these values form your
set of healthy attitudes about other people, situations,
and things.

• The bedrock of a healthy self-concept, however, is a

high sense of self-worth or self-esteem.
GOOD PHYSICAL HEALTH IS GOOD FOR
MENTAL HEALTH
• The World Health Organization clearly noted that poor
mental health plays a signficant role in diminished immune
functioning and the development of certain illnesses, and
eventually premature death.
• One’s physical health is also an important factor to good
mental health.
• Sleep and nutrition, for example, should be given
importance and properly observed by an adolescent whose
tendency is to take these things for granted.

• An individual who is deprived of sleep, for example, will

be cranky, will have a short temper, will sometimes become
emotionally sensitive, and will also have a bad memory.
• Physically, the individual deprived
of sleep may develop skin rashes or
acne, have dark circles around the
eyes, and may even develop bad
posture because of feeling weak or
sluggish and having low energy.
• People around this person will take
notice and might even get affected by
certain behavior a sleep-deprived
person exhibits.
 HEALTHY SELF-CONCEPT +HEALTHY MIND AND
BODY = GOOD MENTAL HEALTH AND WELL-BEING

• When all of these elements are in balance, then general

well-being is experienced.
• Well-being is a state of wellness where every aspect of a
person is in balance.
• Being well and feeling well means that there is a general
sense of contentment, happiness, calmness, and peace
within.
• Developing one’s good mental health and well-being is
very important to the adolescent because this serves as a
strong foundation toward a happy and healthy adulthood.
CHALLENGES TO MENTAL HEALTH AND
WELL-BEING
• A mental health problem is a short term and temporary
change in a person’s thoughts, feelings, or behavior that
upsets one’s well-being, interpersonal relationships, and
productivity.
• A mental health concern becomes a mental illness when
ongoing signs and symptoms cause frequent stress and
affect your ability to function.
• Many adolescents are more susceptible to mental health
concerns than adults. This is primarily due to their
underdeveloped brains and continuing changes in their
bodies.

• In addition to this, the adolescent is also going through

tough times in resolving their identity crisis and role
confusion.
• Roughly 20% of a country’s total population falls under the
10 to 19 years of age category or the adolescence category.

• The WHO estimates that there are around one billion

adolescents around the world today. This is the reason why
the World Health Organization has mandated every
member-nation to provide special health services to the
adolescent segment of their population.
 EXAMPLES OF MENTAL ILLNESS

1. Depression
2. Anxiety Disorders
3. Schizophrenia
4. Eating Disorders
5. Addictive behaviors (drugs and alcohol)
 DEPRESSION
• Depression is a low mood that lasts for a long time, and
affects your everyday life.
• In its mildest form, depression can mean just being in low
spirits. It doesn’t stop you leading your normal life but
makes everything harder to do and seem less worthwhile.
• At its most severe, depression can be life-threatening
because it can make you feel suicidal.
 WHEN DOES LOW MOOD BECOMES
DEPRESSION?
• We all have times when our mood is low, and we’re feeling
sad or miserable about life. Usually these feelings pass in
due course.
• But if the feelings are interfering with your life and don't
go away after a couple of weeks, or if they come back over
and over again for a few days at a time, it could be a sign
that you're experiencing depression.
 ANXIETY DISORDERS
• Anxiety is what we feel when we are worried, tense or afraid –
particularly about things that are about to happen, or which we
think could happen in the future.
• Anxiety is a natural human response when we perceive that we
are under threat. It can be experienced through our thoughts,
feelings and physical sensations.

“Going out of the house is a challenge because I have a fear of

panicking and feel that I'm being watched or judged. It's just
horrible. I want to get help but I'm afraid of being judged.”
 SCHIZOPHRENIA
• You could be diagnosed with schizophrenia if you experience some of the
following symptoms:
 a lack of interest in things
 feeling disconnected from your feelings
 difficulty concentrating
 wanting to avoid people
 hallucinations, such as hearing voices or seeing things others don't
 delusions (which could include paranoid delusions) – strong beliefs
that others don't share
 disorganized thinking and speech
 EATING DISORDERS
• If you have an eating problem you might:
• restrict the amount of food you eat
• eat more than you need or feel out of control when you eat
• eat a lot in secret
• feel very anxious about eating or digesting food
• eat lots of food in response to difficult emotions (when you don't
feel physically hungry)
• only eat certain types of food or stick to a rigid set of diet rules and
feel very anxious and upset if you have to eat something different
• do things to get rid of what you eat (purging)
• stick to rigid rules around what you can and can't eat and how
food should look – and feel very upset if you break those rules
• feel strongly repulsed at the idea of eating certain foods
• eat things that are not really food
• be scared of certain types of food or eating in public
• think about food and eating a lot or all the time
• compare your body to other people's and think about their
shape or size a lot
• check, test and weigh your body a lot – and base your self-
worth on how much you weigh or whether you pass your
checks and tests.
 ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS
• Recreational drugs are substances people may take:
to give themselves a pleasurable experience
to help them feel better if they are having a bad time
because their friends are using them
to see what it feels like.
They include alcohol, tobacco (nicotine), substances such as
cannabis, heroin, cocaine and ecstasy, and some prescribed
medicines.
9. Practicing forgiveness
Letting go of past hurt and anger is key to good psychological well-being. Forgiving
someone is a way of releasing anger that will help you put your energy into more positive things.

10. Fostering relationships

Studies show that loneliness takes a serious toll on your emotional and physical health. In
fact, one study found that being lonely was as lethal as smoking 15 cigarettes per day. Therefore, it
is important to form deep connections with other people. Face-to-face contact with friends through
dining or having coffee once in a while constitute in improving your psychological well-being.
SEATWORK 1
ASYNCHRONOUS TASK 1
PERFORMANCE TASK 2