Writing Task 2

Writing Task 2
IDEAS DEVELOPMENT
GRAMMATICAL RANGE
Supporting Paragraphs: Ideas development: Should smoking be banned?
Firstly, cigarettes and tobacco goods always exert more adverse

effects on people who are smoking. It comes as no surprise that
various types of tobacco products have a high nicotine level. When
people smoke, these enormous toxic nicotine amounts can enter upon
people’s bodies and attack viscera, especially the lung. For an
illustration, a recent report from WHO said that more than 70% of
lung cancer comes from smoking around the world and more than
80% of the population smoke around the globe. That is why these
tobacco products should be banned by the authorities.
• Secondly, passive smoking is also a great
concern not only in public places but also at
home ……………………………………………………………
Supporting Paragraphs: Ideas development
Should smoking be banned?
Firstly, cigarettes and tobacco goods always exert more adverse effects on people who
are smoking; Types of tobacco products have a high nicotine level. When people smoke,
these enormous toxic nicotine amounts can enter upon people’s bodies and attack viscera,
especially the lung. For an illustration, a recent report from WHO said that more than
70% of lung cancer comes from smoking around the world and more than 80% of the
population smoke around the globe. That is why these tobacco products should be banned
by the authorities. Secondly, passive smoking is also a great concern not only in public
places but also at home. Studies have proven that children and pregnant women, the
second hand smokers, are more seriously affected by the toxic chemicals they
unconsciously inhaled in. In the long run, both their physical and mental health will be
damaged.
Supporting Paragraphs
However, the prohibition of tobacco goods can lead to a crime explosion.

Nicotine is an addictive substance, so it makes people feel out of control. If
they can not get it, they can manage to smuggle tobacco goods. That is the
way to increase social crime percentages. According to WHO, 22.3% of the
global population used tobacco in 2020. Make your own imaginations,
what will happen if all of them create illegal things. Another hindrance for
the complete ban of smoking or tobacco production is the adverse impacts
of this policy on the job market.
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GRAMMATICAL RANGE
Complex sentences
• Adverb clause:
• Time: Before/After/As soon as /Prior to …
• Cause: Because, As, Since, Owing to …, Due to
• Purpose: so as that; in order that …
• Contrast: However, nevertheless, yet,
nonetheless
• Concession: Although, Though, Albeit, In spite of
• Result: Therefore, So, Thus
• Condition: If, Provided that, Providing that
• So….that/Such …that…
Noun clause
• That + clause
• On one hand, team sports do great wonders for
the participants.
• That team sports do great wonders for the
participants is undeniable/ irrefutable.
• That participants can gain a great deal of
benefits when doing team sports is undeniable/
irrefutable.
• It is undeniable that participants can gain a great
deal of benefits when doing team sports.
• It is of great importance for me to join in this English class
• That I join in this English class is of great
importance
• It is a great concern that environment is being
seriously destroyed
• That environment is being seriously destroyed is a
great concern
Noun clause
• Whether/If + clause
• Wh + clause
• We are really concerned about how city
dwellers will cope with the escalating living
cost.
• There are many reasons why people cannot
give up their modern life’s comfort so as to
rescue the environment
Adverb clauses
• Time: It was not until ….that …./As soon as …
• Cause: Owing to …
• Purpose: so as that; in order that …
• Contrast: However, nevertheless, yet, nonetheless
• Concession: No matter how …/ No matter what …
• Result: Therefore, So, Thus
• Condition:
• Should + clause 1…., + clause 2 (S + will)
• Were …+ clause 1; clause 2 (S + would)
• Had ….+ clause 1; clause 2 (S + would have + P2)
• S+to be + so + adj ..….that => So + adj + to be + S…that …
Relative clause
• Full relative clause
• The government needs to support those who come from underprivileged
families.
• We cannot solves all the problems which have been rooted from people’s
attitudes and habits.
• Reduced relative clause
• All the policies (which were) given by the government do not work
• All the courses (which match) matching our expectation are prohibitively
costly.
Relative clause
• The number of students experienced a sharp
increase to 400 which was then followed by a long
period of stability before falling steadily till the end
of the survey.
• The number of students who studied Russian is
lower than those who studied English
Relative clause
• The number of students fell gradually from 1990 to
2020 when it started to go up
Adverb clause
• The number increased sharply from 2000 to 2005
before dropping down and hitting a low of 200.
however it dropped down and hit a low of 200.
• Although the number increased sharply from
2000 to 2005, it dropped down and hit a low of
200.
however it dropped down substantially so it hit a
low of 200.
• The number of students increased
sharply to 400 however it then
remained stable for a long period before
falling steadily till the end of the survey.
• The number of students experienced a
sharp increase to 400 which was then
followed by a long period of stability
before falling steadily till the end of the
survey.
Condition:
• Conditional type 1
• Should + clause 1…., + clause 2 (S + will)
• If everyone joins hand, then endangered
species will be rescued.
• Should every join hand, then endangered
species will be rescued.
• Conditional Type 2
• Were …+ clause 1; clause 2 (S + would)
• If he was more mature, he would not behave
such a way.
• Were he more mature, he would not behave
such a way.
• Conditional type 3
• Had ….+ clause 1; clause 2 (S + would have + P2)
• If he had worked harder, he would have passed the exam.
• Had he worked harder , he would have passed the exam.
• Had it not been for their support, I would not have been able to solve the
problem.
Inversion
• The city life has become so stressful that I no longer want to remain
here.
• So stressful is the city life that the influx of emigrants has increased
substantially so far.
• So stressful was the city life that I no longer wanted to remain here.
• Negative adverbs/Not
Not only do the city dwellers have to cope with the escalating
living cost but they also suffer from the increasing severity of
environmental problems
Inversion with negative adverbs
• Hardly can I see him these days.
• Never can we solve the environmental problem unless the
government gives a hand..
Cleft sentence
• It is … that….
• It is the USA that experienced the biggest changes
Comparative (double; intensifying, equal,
superlative)
Double comparative
• The busier people are, the less time people can
spend walking everyday.
Intensifying
• People are getting busier and busier so hardly
can they spend any time walking.
Other sentence structures/grammar features
• Passive voice
• Tense range (da dang thi dong tu)
• Existential sentence (there is/are)
• Modal verbs
• Substitution (The number of female students increased drastically
from 2000 to 2005 and so did the number of their male counterparts)
• Ellipsis (After the finished products are checked for their quality, all
the by-products will be discarded and waste materials disposed.
•WRITING PRACTICE
• Firstly, increasing fuel expenses cannot minimise the
global dependence on fuel.
• Sentence 1: the price of fuel: increases significantly =>
cannot cut down the tremendous demand for petrol
at once (even if).
• Sentence 2: People need to use their cars (…
because…. therefore …despite)
• Sentence 3: Petrol used for other applications
(manufacturing industries and agricultural purposes
=> economy have to suffer

Writing Task 2 - GRAMMARTICAL RANGE

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Firstly, cigarettes and tobacco goods always exert more adverse

However, the prohibition of tobacco goods can lead to a crime explosion.

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