Lect 4 Physics For Computer Science

https://sites.google.
com/site/phs1019pfc/ Clayon Harrison
Facts about Light:
Light travels in a straight line

Light travels through a vacum Light can be thought of as a wave or as a stream of particles Light changes direction when it leaves one medium and enters another
We see objects because light bounces off them. This bouncing is called reflection.
The normal is an imaginary line which is drawn perpendicular top the mirror. A ray which is normal to the mirror is reflected along its original path .
The LAWS OF REFLECTION:

The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection
The incident ray ,normal and reflected ray all lie on the same plane.
Features of the image formed by a plane mirror The image is virtual. Rays of light do not pas through the image they only appear to do so. The image is the same size as the object. The image is the same distance behind the mirror as it is in front of it. The image is upright The image is latterally inverted.EG your right hand when viewed in the mirror looks like a left hamnd
Light bends or changes direction if it leaves one medium and enters another of a different optical density. This bending or change in direction is called refraction
Rays of light travelling from one medium into an optically denser medium are bent towards the normal. AIR GLASS Rays travelling into an optically less dense medium are bent away from the normal. Rays normal to the surface are not deviated.
The laws of refraction :

The incident , the normal and the refracted rays all lie in the same plane.
The sine of the angle of incidence divided by the sine of the angle of refraction is a constant known as the refractive index. This is know as SNELLS LAW.
The refractive index is represented by the symbol 1n2, where the 1 refers to the incident medium and 2 refers to the refracting medium.
1n2
sini/sinr
= real depth/apparent depth = speed of light in the incident medium speed of light in the refracted medium
= wavelength of light in incident medium wavelength of light in refracted medium
The principle of reversibility of light states that the paths of light rays are reversible .This means that if a ray of light is sent in the exact opposite direction it will follow the same path. From medium 1 to 2 we use 1n2 for the refractive index. = sin i sin r Where angle i is in medium 1 and angle r is in medium 2
1n2
For a ray travelling in the opposite direction from medium 2 into medium 1. We use 2n1 = sin r sin i From the two relations we can see that
2n1= 2n1
1 1n 2
The conditions for total internal reflection to occur are:

Light
must be travelling to a less dense medium angle of incidence must be greater than the critical angle.
The
The angle of incidence for which the angle of refraction is 90 is known as the critical angle
Applications : Right angled prisms are used in periscopes
Right angled prisms are used in binoculars to give an image that is the right way up
Interesting!!!!!!!!!! Total internal reflection accounts for the sparkle of diamonds
An OPTICAL FIBRE is a thin glass or plastic fibre with diameter between .01 and .05mm.
The
critical angle for glass is 42.
For a ray of light going from glass to air , the angle of incidence i equals the critical angle c when the angle of refraction r is just 90 :
i= c and r =90 The refractive index from glass to air gna is given by :
g na =
sin i = sin c = sin c sin r sin 90 1

g na
Therefore sin c =
= 1 (principle of reversibility of light) a ng
Or sin c =
1 refractive index of glass
Thus if the refractive index of glass ang = 1.5 , we have: sin c = 1 = 0.67 1.5 Therefore critical angle of glass = 42 In general the critical angle c between a medium of refractive index n and the air is given by: sin c = 1 or n= 1 n sin c
Light
entering at 42 undergoes a series of total internal reflections before emerging. of fibre are used to send information especially in telecommunications laser beam moving through a single optical fibre can carry thousands of telephone conversations and several TV programmes at the same time.
Bundles
The principle of Superposition states that at a point where two waves meet, the instantaneous displacement is the vector sum of the individual displacements due to each wave at that point. Where superposition takes place the waves are said to be superposed.
Diffraction is the spreading of light waves when they encounter obstacles or pass through openings which have widths close to the wavelength of the wave. The narrower the opening the greater the extent of diffraction.
The ability of wave motions to combine together is known as the principle of superposition. What happens when they combine is called interference.
There are two types of interference

Constructive
waves are in phase Destructive waves are in antiphase

Other
phase differences will produce amplitudes between the two extremes.
Conditions for two source interference.

1.
Similar (almost identical frequency)

Equal or nearly equal amplitude Coherent Sources which means they must have zero or a constant phase difference.
2.
3.
Some
degree of coherence is necessary to observe interference. two waves originate from independent sources, such as incandescent bulbs or gas discharge lamps, the waves will be mutually incoherent. sources, though independent, can possess sufficient mutual coherence for interference to occur.
If
Laser
L
Note: L >>d and d >>
x>>d
Note: L >>d and d >>
Tan = y L
d sin m
1 d sin (m ) 2
Where d is slit separation m is a whole number

Lect 4 Physics For Computer Science

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lect 4 Physics For Computer Science

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lect 4 Physics For Computer Science

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

https://sites.google.

com/site/phs1019pfc/ Clayon Harrison

Facts about Light:

Light travels in a straight line

The LAWS OF REFLECTION:

The laws of refraction :

= wavelength of light in incident medium wavelength of light in refracted medium

The conditions for total internal reflection to occur are:

Applications : Right angled prisms are used in periscopes

Interesting!!!!!!!!!! Total internal reflection accounts for the sparkle of diamonds

critical angle for glass is 42.

sin i = sin c = sin c sin r sin 90 1

= 1 (principle of reversibility of light) a ng

1 refractive index of glass

There are two types of interference

waves are in phase Destructive waves are in antiphase

phase differences will produce amplitudes between the two extremes.

Conditions for two source interference.

Similar (almost identical frequency)

Note: L >>d and d >>

You might also like