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    Physics

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    sindhupraveen78
    1) The photoelectric effect involves photons ejecting electrons from metal surfaces. 2) Characteristics include the frequency of light determining maximum kinetic energy of ejected electrons, while intensity determines number of electrons ejected. 3) Einstein explained the photoelectric effect using a quantum model where photons interact individually with electrons, with photon energy either releasing an electron if above the metal's work function or not ejecting the electron otherwise.

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    Physics

    Uploaded by

    sindhupraveen78
    10 views14 pages
    1) The photoelectric effect involves photons ejecting electrons from metal surfaces. 2) Characteristics include the frequency of light determining maximum kinetic energy of ejected electrons, while intensity determines number of electrons ejected. 3) Einstein explained the photoelectric effect using a quantum model where photons interact individually with electrons, with photon energy either releasing an electron if above the metal's work function or not ejecting the electron otherwise.

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    1) The photoelectric effect involves photons ejecting electrons from metal surfaces. 2) Characteristics include the frequency of light determining maximum kinetic energy of ejected electrons, while intensity determines number of electrons ejected. 3) Einstein explained the photoelectric effect using a quantum model where photons interact individually with electrons, with photon energy either releasing an electron if above the metal's work function or not ejecting the electron otherwise.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    10 views14 pages

    Physics

    Uploaded by

    sindhupraveen78
    1) The photoelectric effect involves photons ejecting electrons from metal surfaces. 2) Characteristics include the frequency of light determining maximum kinetic energy of ejected electrons, while intensity determines number of electrons ejected. 3) Einstein explained the photoelectric effect using a quantum model where photons interact individually with electrons, with photon energy either releasing an electron if above the metal's work function or not ejecting the electron otherwise.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    Observations

    Positive potential of anode supports process. But negative potential on anode


    will oppose process.
    Photon :- 1] Intensity :- Related with no of photons
    2] Frequency :- Related with energy of photons
    [ E = hv ]
    Characteristics of photoelectric effect
    • EFFECT OF INTENSITY
    Intensity of radiations can be increased / decreased by varying the
    distance between source and metal plate ( or emitter ) .
    e

    Effect of potential Effect of frequency


    • Increase of frequency increases
    the maximum kinetic energy of
    photoelectrons but the
    photoelectric current remain
    unchanged.
    Effect of frequency
    Effect of photometal

    • When frequency and intensity of incident light are kept fixed and photometal is
    changed , we observe that stopping potential (vs ) frequency
    ( v ) graphs are parallel straight lines , cutting frequency axis at different points .
    • The shows that threshold frequencies are different for different metals , the slope
    ( vs/v ) for all the metals is same and hence a universal constant .
    Effect of photo metal
    Some definitions
    • WORK FUNCTION :- The minimum energy required to free an electron from its metallic
    bonding is called work function. It is denoted by W or shy and is usually expressed in electron
    volt ( 1ev = 1.6 x 10 -19 1. )
    • Threshold frequency :- The minimum frequency of incident light which is just capable of
    ejecting electrons from a metal is called threshold frequency .It is denoted by V 0 . It is different
    for different metal. W0 = hv0 = hc/l0
    • STOPPING POTENTIAL :- The minimum retarding potential applied to anode of a
    photoelectric tube which is just capable of stopping photoelectric current is called the stopping
    potential it is denoted by Vo ( or Vs )
    • Kmax = eVo
    • ½ mV2 max = eVo
    Laws of photoelectric effect
    • The photoelectric emission takes place from a metal surface, when the
    frequency of incident light is above its threshold frequency.
    • The photoelectric emission starts as soon as the light is incident on the metal
    surface.
    • The maximum kinetic energy with which an electron is emitted from a metal
    surface is independent of the intensity of light and depends upon its frequency .
    • The number of photoelectrons emitted is independent of the frequency of the
    incident light and depends only upon its intensity.
    einstein’s explanation of photoelectric effect
    • Einstein’s extended planck’s quantum for light to explain photoelectric effect.
    • The assumptions of Einstein’s theory are : - 1] The photoelectric effect is the result of collision of a photon
    of incident light and electron of photometal . 2] The electron of photometal is bound with the
    nucleus by coulomb attractive forces. The minimum energy required to free an electron from it’s bondage is called work function ( W ) .
    3] The incident photon interacts with a single electron and loses its energy in two parts :- [i] in releasing
    the electron from it’s bondage , and [ii] in imparting Kinetic energy to emitted electron .
    • Accordingly , if hv is the energy of incident photon , then from law of conservation of energy maximum Kinetic energy
    of photo electrons .
    Ek=1/2 mV2 max = hv – w
    Where
    W is work function
    equation is referred as Einstein’s photoelectric equation and explains all expectitions of
    This

    photoelectric effect if Vs is stopping potential , then


    Ek = ½ mv 2 max = eVs

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